Saad Alghanim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Saad Alghanim

European Journal of Environment and Public Health, 2021

The study aims to assess the level of Saudi Hospital Disaster Preparedness (HDP). Methods: This s... more The study aims to assess the level of Saudi Hospital Disaster Preparedness (HDP). Methods: This study has utilized exploratory quantitative design with a structured self-administered questionnaire. It has adopted a convenient sampling technique, which has included nine hospitals within three Saudi Cities (Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam). The questionnaire contains 48 indicators in six HDP domains: planning, structural, non-structural, management, functional, and human resource competency capacities. Results: The level of Saudi HDP was 69.8%. The domain of management capacity had the highest level of preparedness, at 83.6%, while human resources competency capacity was the least prepared, at 63%. The Spearman correlation revealed a positive significant relationship between preparing to respond to a disaster when occur and all HDP capacity indicators, r (46) = 0.424, p = < .001. A one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in HDP between the three cities; Riyadh hospitals were the most prepared, F (2, 313) = 4.343, p < .05. It also showed that there were significant differences in preparedness between the MOH, other governmental, and university hospitals; university hospitals were the most prepared, F (2, 313) = 5.087, p < .05. Conclusion: Overall, Saudi hospitals have a high level of HDP, which indicates that they are likely to function well in the eventuality of disasters. There is a great opportunity to strengthen HDP capacities to improve hospital readiness in the medium-long term. The implemented HDP assessment tool should be built into hospitals' systems and coordinated among involved governmental sectors.

Scientific Research and Essays, 2011

This is an exploratory study conducted in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia to determine information ne... more This is an exploratory study conducted in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia to determine information needs and information-seeking behavior among rural and urban primary health care physicians. The study employed self-administered questionnaires to collect data on demographic characteristics, types of medical and health information needed, sources sought and barriers encountered by physicians. The questionnaires were distributed to all primary health care physicians in Riyadh region between August and November 2010. The results indicated that physicians in rural areas were less likely to have access to medical and health information than their counterparts in urban areas, particularly for modern sources such as online databases, medical journals and the Internet websites. Physicians in both geographical locations reported similar individual and organizational barriers that hinder using information resources. Acquiring primary care physicians, particularly in rural areas with access to med...

Th is is an exploratory study of interpersonal conflicts in various organizations in India and in... more Th is is an exploratory study of interpersonal conflicts in various organizations in India and in Saudi Arabia. This paper explores possible relationships between the country and causes of conflict, situation of conflicts, frequency of conflicts, resolution and mode of resolution of conflicts, and communication as a means of resolution of conflicts. The study shows that the country has significant impact on "cause of conflict", "resolution of conflicts", and "the mode of resolution of conflicts" at 5% level of significance. In Saudi Arabia, Communication gap is a significant cause for conflict, which is more prevalent than in India. It is observed that most of the conflicts are resolved in Saudi Arabia, whereas about 38% of the conflicts are not resolved in India. This study also presents implications for future research in the area of conflict management. Keyw ords: Co nflict Management, Enabling Conflict, Inter- and Intra-Team Conflict, Interpersonal ...

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2011

A survey of 500 patients attending primary health care centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was carrie... more A survey of 500 patients attending primary health care centres in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was carried out to determine the prevalence and factors associated with self-medication practice. The results indicated that 35.4% of the respondents had practised self-medication in the past 2 weeks. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that respondents who were young, male, having poor health status, reporting inconvenient access or dissatisfied with health care were more likely to practise self-medication. Health education campaigns, strict legislations on dispensing drugs from private pharmacies and increasing the quality of and access to health care are among the important interventions that might be needed in order to change the people's health seeking behaviour and protect them from the potential risks of self-medications.

Transplantation, 2017

Introduction. The number of organ donors in Italy is increasing, but with still disappointing liv... more Introduction. The number of organ donors in Italy is increasing, but with still disappointing living donation activity and relatively frequent objection by potential deceased donors' relatives to organ recovery. Few studies have assessed health care students' knowledge and attitude on donation. Methods. We administered a questionnaire to medical (MS) and nursing students (NS) at University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, and 749 students (406 MS and 343 NS) completed the questionnaire. Results. Although 95% of students were in favor of donation, only 21.9% of NS and 24.9% of MS were registered as donors. One quarter of students reported family disagreement. MS appeared more confident with personnel involved in donation. Overall, 60% of students knew the term donation after brain death but only 40% were aware of the criteria used to define it. Barely 27.1% of NS and 15.3% of MS believed they had received sufficient information in lessons. Backward logistic regression demonstrated that students whose families agree with them and who knew the definition of donation after brain death were more likely to express the disposition of registering, and those who showed distrust in the declaration of brain death were half as likely to register as donors. Discussion. Students expressed a lack of knowledge, controversial attitudes on donation, and strong need for education; increased awareness may help increase donation rates. The majority of educational institutions in Italy do not directly address training on organ donation and transplantation for health care students; an integrated curriculum favoring interpersonal discussion including practical aspects is urgently required.

Annals of Saudi Medicine, 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the implementation of the patient bill of rights... more BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the implementation of the patient bill of rights (PBR) in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore to what extent health care recipients and providers know about the bill and its implementation. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional survey conducted on health care professionals and patients at Primary Health Care Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during July 2010. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study employed a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 500 patients (aged 18 years or older) and 500 health care providers (physicians and nurses) in primary health care (PHC) centers in Riyadh. Data was collected on the respondents' knowledge of the existence and contents of the bill, the extent to which the bill is implemented, and the obstacles that may hinder bill implementation. The data was analyzed and presented in a descriptive fashion. RESULTS: More than three quarters of patients and one third of PHC providers did not know about the existence of the bill. Among those who knew about its existence, about three quarters of patients and almost half of PHC providers had little (or very little) knowledge about the bill contents. In general, patients scored lower means of perception than PHC staff about the implementation of the bill's aspects. PHC staff reported several obstacles that may hinder the implementation of the PBR in Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and health care providers lack necessary knowledge about the PBR. More dissemination of information about the bill, taking into account the particularities of the Saudi population is needed. Future research is required to establish measures that are effective in ensuring that patients rights are ensured.

Saudi Medical Journal, Oct 1, 2009

Entre numerosas imagens de Cristo jacente, encontra-se o de Santa Clara-a-Velha de Coimbra, que s... more Entre numerosas imagens de Cristo jacente, encontra-se o de Santa Clara-a-Velha de Coimbra, que se destaca pelos múltiplos mistérios que encerra. Neste sentido discute-se o contexto cronológico e estilístico da obra, e apresenta-se o estudo feito até agora.Estando a intervenção numa fase incial, e os resultados quimicos ainda indisponíveis, decrevemos a complexidade que a obra indicia: a relação do seu estado de conservação actual com o seu percurso atribulado, e as incertezas quanto à autoria e datação. São relatados os vários aspectos ponderados previamente à construção da melhor estratégia interventiva possível. Palavras-chave Escultura, calcário, camada pictórica.

Saudi Medical Journal, May 1, 2005

To assess the knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the general public in Riyadh city, S... more To assess the knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the general public in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. The study employed self-administered questionnaires to collect data from individuals aged 15 years or older who attended Primary Health Centers (PHC) in Riyadh City. In addition to demographic characteristics, the questionnaire was designed to collect data on a number of statements including basic knowledge about HIV/AIDS, its mode of transmission and people&amp;amp;amp;#39;s attitudes and source of information about the disease. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to 500 persons (250 males and 250 females) during November and December 2004. Data were analyzed in a descriptive fashion. Although the majority of respondents correctly identified the main modes of HIV/AIDS transmission, there is a relative deficiency in their knowledge about the disease. Moreover, their attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and infected persons were defective. The results indicate that this deficiency in knowledge and attitudes was associated with some of their demographic characteristics such as their gender, level of education, ages and nationality. Furthermore, the results show that the contribution of health staff and educational institutions was limited in providing the public with information about this health problem. Although the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia is low, health care providers in general, and PHC centers in particular, should be involved in intensive educational programs as a part of their professional mission to help the general public acquire appropriate knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. This will help in preventing the spread of this health problem.

Journal of King Abdulaziz University Economics and Administration, 2005

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2013

Conclusions: Findings from this study should help service providers working with older adults rec... more Conclusions: Findings from this study should help service providers working with older adults receiving home-based services to identify clients who are at an increased risk for poor outcomes related to nutrition, disability, health and mental health. Additionally, the findings should help identify if there are significant disparities among recipients receiving home-based services so that support services can be targeted to those specific at-risk groups.

Journal of family & community medicine, 2009

To assess health educational activities in primary health care centers in Riyadh City. The data w... more To assess health educational activities in primary health care centers in Riyadh City. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire directed at adult patients who attended primary health care centers from February - April 2006, in Riyadh City. Out of the 750 patients who were selected randomly, 569 (75.9%) successfully completed the questionnaire. The data collected were on a set of variables including socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables, source of health knowledge and patients' attitudes towards a number of health-related aspects. Data were presented and analyzed in a descriptive fashion. Only 20% of PHC patients had received health education in the past twelve months. The majority of respondents identified TV and friends/relatives as the main sources of their health education. A considerable percentage of the patients with chronic conditions lacked knowledge about their illnesses. The results indicate that the deficiency in knowledg...

Saudi medical journal, 2012

To identify the prevalence, causes, types, and sources of workplace violence among health profess... more To identify the prevalence, causes, types, and sources of workplace violence among health professionals in public hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This exploratory cross-sectional survey employed self-administered questionnaires to collect data on aspects of workplace violence against physicians and nurses in Saudi hospitals. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to 600 physicians and nurses, of which 383 (63.8%) completed the questionnaires at 2 public hospitals in Riyadh city between May and July 2011. More than two-thirds (67.4%) of respondents reported they were victims of violence in the previous 12 months. Nurses were more likely to be exposed to violent incidents than physicians (p<0.001). Males, less experienced, and younger respondents were more likely to encounter violent episodes than their counterparts. Respondents reported that excessive waiting time, shortage of staff, and unmet patients' demands were the most common reasons for violence. Verbal ...

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Economics and Administration, 2010

The Objective of this paper is to profile elderly and younger patients who attend health care fac... more The Objective of this paper is to profile elderly and younger patients who attend health care facilities in Saudi Arabia and to identify health facilities used by these groups of patients. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from elderly and younger patients during July 2008. One-thousand patients were selected randomly during their attendance at five primary health care centers in Riyadh City, of which 854 (85.4%) successfully completed the questionnaire. The data were collected on selected characteristics, including predisposing, enabling and need characteristics relevant to the study. Chi-square and t-test were used to present the results. Approximately three quarters (77.6%) of elderly patients and half (48.9%) of younger patients used health services during the past 12 months. The results indicate that elderly people had significantly higher mean scores of visits to primary health care centers, emergency departments and were more likely to be hospitalized than younger patients. On the contrary younger patients were more likely to refer themselves to private pharmacy for self-treatment. The study identified the profile of patients using these facilities. Elderly people constitute a unique subset of health services users. This vulnerable group of people tends to make an increase use of the health resources which should prompt policy makers in the Kingdom to consider their characteristics and propose plans to provide them with relevant health services. 1. To describe the general profile and characteristics of elderly and younger patients who use health services.

Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Economics and Administration, 2005

To determine the variables which predict the utilisation of public and private primary health car... more To determine the variables which predict the utilisation of public and private primary health care services, incorporating a number of individual and provider-related variables which are thought to influence the utilisation of these services. Methods: The study employed a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from patients attending both public PHC centres and private dispensaries (or outpatient clinics) in Riyadh city. The questionnaire was designed to collect data on a number of variables related both to health services users and providers. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to determine the significant variables which may influence the utilisation of these services. Results: The results show that a number of patient-related variables (income, health status, education, gender, the presence of health insurance and nationality) and provider-related variables (location of the health facility, waiting time, the availability of ancillary services, opening hours and the availability of specialised doctors) were statistically significant in identifying the variables which influence the utilisation of both public PHC centres and private outpatient clinics. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant factors which prompt patients to utilise private outpatient clinics despite the availability of free public PHC centres in Saudi Arabia. Understanding these factors by health policy makers is important in the provision and the utilisation of primary health care services in the Kingdom. The study recommends significant areas for future research.

Clinical Governance: An International Journal, 2010

PurposeThis paper seeks to show that there is inappropriate utilization of resources in hospitals... more PurposeThis paper seeks to show that there is inappropriate utilization of resources in hospitals in all three health care sectors (whether Ministry of Health, military or private). Such misuses can be tracked down by understanding the factors associated with such utilization.Design/methodology/approachThe results were based on the assessment of some of the health staff and it could be argued that the rate of inappropriate utilization of hospital resources would have been different if it had been based on the patients' own assessments.FindingsThe results of this study show that regardless of the hospital type (or ownership), a substantial percentage of respondents perceive that hospital resources are inappropriately utilized. In fact, more than half of respondents in the three health care sectors indicate that the utilization of hospital resources is inappropriate. These results are inline with previous research which reported that the patient or the patient's family can con...

Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 2008

BAckground: Obesity is a significant public health issue, in both developed and developing countr... more BAckground: Obesity is a significant public health issue, in both developed and developing countries, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is no exception. There are several studies that assess the knowledge and attitudes of students towards obesity, but most of these studies have been conducted in countries with different cultures and lifestyles. An important starting point for designing proper prevention strategies for obesity among Saudi students is to know how much they know about the disease. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes of university students towards obesity and to determine whether their knowledge, attitudes and sources of information differ according to sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from university students in Riyadh in May 2008. In addition to demographic characteristics, the questionnaire was designed to capture data on a number of variables, including basic knowledge about obesity and its possible causes and associated risks. Furthermore, data on students' attitudes and sources of information about obesity were collected. Five-hundred questionnaires were distributed randomly, and 444 were returned and valid for analysis. The data were presented and analyzed in a descriptive fashion.

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 2011

This study aims to determine the prevalence, factors and reasons associated with the frequent use... more This study aims to determine the prevalence, factors and reasons associated with the frequent use of public emergency departments (EDs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study employed a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from adult patients on aspects such as demographic characteristics, accessibility, and health-related factors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the issue. The results indicated that about 30% of respondents were considered as “frequent users” of the EDs. Males, older patients, those living closer to EDs, and patients who had chronic illnesses or were hospitalized in the past year were more likely to use EDs frequently. Moreover, the study found that patients who were labeled as “frequent users” of the EDs were also frequent users of “other” health care facilities. Health decision makers should facilitate primary health centers with necessary resources that fulfill the patients’ health needs and reduce the burden on EDs.