Sabine Schorlemer - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sabine Schorlemer

50 Years World Heritage Convention: Shared Responsibility – Conflict & Reconciliation, 2022

This contribution will examine intentional acts of terrorist groups and organised networks direct... more This contribution will examine intentional acts of terrorist groups and organised networks directed against cultural heritage as a challenge for international law, e.g., by creating grey zones. In particular, it will be asked to what extent criminal law enforcement can be identified as a missing link in the system of the legal protection of cultural property, including World Heritage. It is seen as necessary to strengthen criminal sanctions for possession and sale of illegally trafficked cultural objects. In that respect, it will be argued, the Nicosia Convention on Offences Relating to Cultural Property, adopted by the Council of Europe in 2017, may give new impetus to criminal law as a tool in the fight against offences against cultural property, helping to reduce lawless areas. Cultural heritage protection, it is emphasised, requires a robust, legally integrated approach, including criminal prosecution for plundering, smuggling, and destruction.

Marius Brandes, ehem. Mitarbeiter, Auswartiges Amt, Berlin | Jan Conrady, Technische Universitat ... more Marius Brandes, ehem. Mitarbeiter, Auswartiges Amt, Berlin | Jan Conrady, Technische Universitat Dresden | Charlotte Daub, University of Sussex, Grosbritannien | Hansjorg Eiff, Botschafter a.D. der Bundesrepublik Deutschland | Wolfgang Hein, Deutsches Ubersee-Institut/GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg | Hans-Joachim Heintze, Universitat Bochum | Lars Kohlmorgen, Deutsches Ubersee-Institut/GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg | Ingrid A. Lehmann, ehem. Direktorin des UN-Informtionszentrums Wien | Gunter Pleuger, Botschafter a.D. der Bundesrepublik Deutschland | Georg Witschel, Botschafter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland | Andreas Rechkemmer, United Nations University (UNU) / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin (WZB) / FU Berlin | Sabine von Schorlemer, Technische Universitat Dresden/ Europainstitut der Universitat Basel | Ekkehard Strauss, Vereinte Nationen, New York | Elisabeth Strohscheidt, Bischofliches Hilfswerk MISEREOR e.V., Aachen | Varwick,...

Kulturgutzerstörung, 2016

Der Meeresboden ist ein faszinierendes Archiv der Menschheitsgeschichte. Das gilt auch für die No... more Der Meeresboden ist ein faszinierendes Archiv der Menschheitsgeschichte. Das gilt auch für die Nord- und Ostsee. Auf und in ihrem Grund sind nicht nur Schiffwracks zu finden, sondern auch Besiedlungsspuren aus urgeschichtlichen Zeiten, in denen Teile dieser Meere noch Festland waren. Das Kulturerbe unter Wasser ist jedoch bisher nur unzureichend geschützt. Wertvolle Spuren drohen durch Kies- und Sandabbau, den Bau von Windkraftanlagen, die Verlegung von Kabeln und durch Fischerei für immer verloren zu gehen. Um für die Bedeutung des kulturellen Erbes in Nord- und Ostsee zu sensibilisieren, hat die Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina heute das Diskussionspapier "Spuren unter Wasser – Das kulturelle Erbe in Nord- und Ostsee erforschen und schützen" veröffentlicht. Darin stellen die Autorinnen und Autoren den Wert des Unterwassererbes dar und empfehlen Maßnahmen für einen effektiven Schutz der Kulturgüter.

In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the need to preserve the digital cultural h... more In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the need to preserve the digital cultural heritage, a part of which is at significant risk of being lost. In light of the pressing demands to develop informed and targeted strategies, this article analyses UNESCO’s approach towards the preservation of the digital cultural heritage. Being the lead UN agency in the field of cultural heritage preservation, the organization responded to the challenge early on, notably by adopting the Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage. The article thus outlines UNESCO’s competencies regarding the digital cultural heritage as well as its concept thereof, before examining the organization’s strategies for the preservation of digital cultural heritage. Furthermore, by providing an outlook on some emerging trends, i.e. increasing privatization and commercialization, future requirements are identified.

Research Handbook on the Law of International Organizations

Access and participation of women and girls to education, training, science and technology, inclu... more Access and participation of women and girls to education, training, science and technology, including for the promotion of women's equal access to full employment and decent work Economic Returns to Education and the Link between Education and Employment-A Gendered Perspective * Submitted by Monazza Aslam Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE) University of Oxford * The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations. The social and economic benefits of educating girls, especially in developing countries, are now well-known. Women's education is associated with: lower infant mortality, increased probability of child survival, reduced fertility, better child health, increased farming and household productivity, better child schooling outcomes, increased labour force participation, higher earnings, greater political participation and increased empowerment. At the heart of the transformation in women's economic status is the transformation in their educational attainment. In most developed countries gender parity has been achieved in schooling attainment. In the United States, for instance, women have surpassed men in terms of completing secondary and post-secondary education and the gender gap in schooling stands almost completely reversed. In these advanced economies, women's participation in paid work is also at unprecedented levels and they are increasingly entering occupations previously considered the 'male' domain. Consequently, women's earnings are making an increasingly important contribution to household income hence changing the dynamic of family-life and their economic and social positions (Gregory, 2009). Despite impressive strides, however, this transformation is far from complete. Not only do women face a relatively narrow spectrum of occupational choices, they also continue to be paid substantially less than men. This inequality of labour market outcomes points to enduring biases and is more glaringly obvious in developing countries. While they have better job opportunities and earnings than ever before, a large percentage of women feature disproportionately among the non-labour force participants. When in the labour force, they are often found trapped in a narrow band of unpaid or low-paid work and insecure occupations 1. Young women in developing countries also have more protracted school-to-work transitions than young men, having access to fewer job search mechanisms and poorer information to smooth their transitions.

European Journal of International Law, 2003

The September 11 attacks 'changed the world', but did they also change the human rights agenda? W... more The September 11 attacks 'changed the world', but did they also change the human rights agenda? What role do human rights play in the context of terrorism? This article argues that violations of human rights are a major causal factor of terrorism. Consequently, the fight against terrorism should not only focus on military means, but should also address the worldwide lack of respect for human rights. A clear civil reaction (i.e. a prevention strategy) is needed. The article argues further that there is a direct link between terrorist attacks and human rights. Acts of terrorism aim at violating human rights. However, it is debatable whether human rights law could and should apply to acts of terrorists, as such acts are perpetrated mostly by non-state actors. It is therefore argued that one way to hold terrorists responsible is to qualify their acts as 'crimes against humanity'. Furthermore, the article shows that there is a dangerous tendency to legitimize human rights violations under the pretext of combating terrorism. Effective action against terrorism, it is said, must respect international human rights standards and make use of existing legal mechanisms if derogations are seen as indispensable. The existing body of international human rights law and the system of the United Nations establish clear boundaries for any legal action against terrorism.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein.

Indonesian Journal of International Law, 2018

Throughout history, cultural property has permanently been at risk in armed conflict as belligere... more Throughout history, cultural property has permanently been at risk in armed conflict as belligerents always aimed at razing to the ground or plundering the enemy’s cultural heritage. Cultural property is a war victim time and again, either by armed attack or by collateral damage. This background opens the way for new insights into research on cultural heritage protection as a security issue in the 21st century. In order to fight the root causes of heritage destruction and extremism, UNESCO is advocating strongly a comprehensive approach, using also its “soft power” across the Organization’s mandate. Thus, despite its limited resources, UNESCO is an important actor in promoting a culture of peace, justice and tolerance on a worldwide scale.

Frieden in Freiheit - Peace in liberty - Paix en liberté, 2008

Deutschlands Rolle in der Welt des 21.Jahrhunderts, 2009

I Climate Change as a Threat to Peace "Does Climate Change Kill People in Darfur?" 1-The question... more I Climate Change as a Threat to Peace "Does Climate Change Kill People in Darfur?" 1-The question is striking, but the title of a 2011 journal article captures the quintessence of a vivid and topical debate over the impacts of man-made climate change on international peace and security. Influential voices such as the UN Secretary-General 2 and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 3 have established a direct link between the armed conflict and climate change, notably for the conflict in Darfur. 4 A commentary of the International Institute for Strategic Studies partly attributes the Arab Spring to climate change. 5 And the well-known Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change purports that "climate-related shocks have sparked violent conflict in the past". 6 * Prof. Dr. jur. habil. Dr. rer. pol. habil. Sabine von Schorlemer is chair holder of the UNESCO Chair in International Relations at the Faculty of Law at the Technische Universität Dresden. On 30 September 2009, she was appointed as Saxon State Minister for Higher Education, Research and the Fine Arts. Sylvia Maus, LL.M. (Nottingham) is a PhD candidate and scientific coordinator at the UNESCO Chair in International Relations.

Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift Der Technischen Universitat Dresden, 2005

The UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, 2012

From Bilateralism to Community Interest, 2011