Sabry Abd El-Gawad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sabry Abd El-Gawad

Poultry Science, 2021

The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of low crude protein (CP) levels, zinc ... more The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of low crude protein (CP) levels, zinc sources (organic as zinc methionine-Zn-Met and inorganic as zinc oxide-ZnO) and their interactions on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood components of growing Japanese quail. A total of 450 one-wk-old Japanese quail with the same body weights were randomly distributed into 9 groups of 50 birds. The 9-diet treatments comprised 3 levels of CP (20, 22, and 24%) and 3 Zn source (0 g of Zn/kg diet, 0.1 g ZnO/kg diet, and 0.1 g Zn-Met/kg diet). The results obtained from this study showed that there were no significant differences among the groups, except for differences in body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) at 3 to 5 – and 1 to 5 wk of age for quail supplemented with 24% and 20% CP. All the studied biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by different levels of CP and Zn, except urea and creatinine, which were affected by CP levels only. In conclusion, dietary protein level for growing Japanese quails could be reduced to 20% without negative effects on their performance, carcass traits, and blood metabolites.

Aquatic Toxicology, 2021

This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticus... more This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticus and also to measure the biochemical, behavioral, and molecular responses of the fish suchronically exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of the insecticide. The role of Petroselinum crispum essential oil (PEO) supplementation in mitigating the resulted neurotoxic insult was also investigated. The acute toxicity study revealed that the 96-h LC50 of BF is 6.81 μg/L, and varying degrees of behavioral changes were recorded in a dose-dependent manner. The subchronic study revealed reduction of dissolved oxygen and increased ammonia in aquaria of BF-exposed fish. Clinical signs revealed high degree of discomfort and aggressiveness together with reductions in survival rate and body weight gain. The levels of monoamines in brain, and GABA and amino acids in serum were reduced, together with decreased activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholine esterases (AchE). The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also diminshed in the brain while oxdative damage and DNA breaks were elevated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in serum increased with overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue. BF also upregulated the expression of brain-stress related genes HSP70, Caspase-3 and P53. Supplemention of PEO to BF markedly abrogated the toxic impacts of the insecticide, specially at the high level. These findings demonstrate neuroprotective, antioxidant, genoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptic effects of PEO in BF-intoxicated fish. Based on these mechanistic insights of PEO, we recommend its use as an invaluable supplement in the fish feed.

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2021

A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, eac... more A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, each consisting of 40 unsexed birds (five replicates, eight birds each). Quails were reared in traditional cages (90 Â 40 Â 40 cm), and feed and water were made available throughout the 5-week trial. The treatment groups were as follows: the 1st was fed basal diet, whereas the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with ration supplemented with nano zinc (Zn-NPs) at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/kg diet, respectively. Results showed that, a significant (p .0001) improvement in body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs at doses of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on the activity of ALT, AST, and LDH. The liver profile parameters were not statistically influenced (p > .05) by dietary biological nano zinc, with the exception of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, dietary supplementation of biological Zn-NPs at concentrations of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Dietary supplementation of Zn-NPs led to an increase in beneficial microbial populations. From the obtained results, Zn-NPs supplementation at 0.2 g/kg diet had a positive effect on the performance and physiological status of growing Japanese quails. HIGHLIGHTS Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element for the general functioning of the animal body. A significant improvement in growth performance was observed in birds fed diet enriched with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs (0.1-0.3 g/kg diet) demonstrated a positive impact on immunity and antioxidant indices ARTICLE HISTORY

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2020

The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important f... more The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important for growth, production and health. Until now, there are no clear standard mineral requirements for the local Egyptian geese. Consequently, the present experiment was aimed at estimating the influence of different dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations on lipid profile, antioxidant and immunity parameters of the growing Egyptian geese. A total number of 120 Egyptian goslings (4 weeks old), with almost the same body weights were divided into 4 groups (30 goslings/group) randomly. All groups were subdivided into six replicates, each replicate contains five birds. A 2 Â 2 factorial experiment was done with 2 dietary levels of Ca (0.70 and 0.85%) and P (0.35 and 0.45%) in the diets. Lipid parameters were not significantly changed except for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol decreased significantly at dietary 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P levels. The lipid parameters were not altered by the interaction between Ca and P levels except triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Dietary supplementation of 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P improved superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The most examined immune parameters were improved by the main and the interaction effect of P and Ca levels in geese diets. In conclusion, the present findings show that the best dietary Ca and P requirements for growing Egyptian geese are 0.85%, and 0.45% respectively, without any detrimental effects on health and immune status. HIGHLIGHTS Calcium and phosphorus are very important nutrients in formulations of geese. Ca is essential for coagulation, eggshell formation, muscle and nerve function. Phosphorus has an important role in nervous system and is a significant component of eggshells, phospholipids and nucleic acids. The standard Ca and P requirement for growing geese are 0.85% and 0.45%, respectively.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) a... more The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) and total sulfur amino acids (TSAA, Met+Cys) on productive performance, egg quality and egg components for Lohmann Brown laying hens through 18-34 weeks of age. A 2×3 factorial design experiment was conducted using two levels of CP (16 and 18 %) and three levels of Met+ Cys (0.67, 0.72 and 0.77 %). A total of 144 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 18 weeks of age were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups. The best values of fi nal body weight and body weight change were recorded by the hens fed 18 % CP diet. Increasing dietary CP up to 18 % accompanied with the best (P> 0.01) feed conversion, egg weight and egg mass. The combination between low-CP diet (16 %) and 0.72 % Met+ Cys gave the best percentage of egg production. The majority of egg quality traits were not signifi cantly altered by dietary treatments. The interaction between CP and Met+Cys levels had a statistical (P>0.01) impact on egg content of moisture and total solids only. It could be concluded that the best production criteria could be obtained by using 0.72% Met+Cys. Moreover, dietary level of 16 or 18 % CP with 0.72% Met+Cys is recommended for feeding Lohmann hens.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2020

We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in bro... more We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre- or probiotic administration to determine the bioavailability. While, the second group was administrated florfenicol (intracrop routes; a dosage of 30 mg/kg BW for five progressive days) without pre- or probiotic co-administration. The third and the fourth groups were administrated the same dose of florfenicol (intracrop route) for five successive days, followed by 10 days of prebiotic or probiotic treatment respectively. The plasma florfenicol % was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the first florfenicol administration (intravenous or intracrop routes) in all groups. Then, the residual levels of florfenicol were determined in liver, kidney and muscle tissues from the second, third and fourth groups which were exposed to florfenicol orally. Our results demonstrated that broilers pre-treated with prebiotic or probiotic significantly increased Cmax , AUC0- t , AUC0-inf as well as AUMC values, while significant drop was recorded in V/F and CL/F. Prebiotic or probiotic influenced the cumulative effect of florfenicol in liver and kidney tissues of treated birds.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2019

Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quant... more Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quantity is considered as the main limiting agent of poultry productivity and efficiency (Alagawany et al., 2016). This has come about a special look to decrease dietary crude protein (CP) level in growing Japanese quail in research and industry; therefore, strategies that improve the utilization of protein, that is decrease meat production per gram of protein intake, can play an important role in mitigating ammonia emission, and reducing the total production costs in the quail industry. Several studies with quails or broiler chickens have shown that performance is

Marine Geology, 2012

ABSTRACT A three-dimensional unsteady numerical model is applied to simulate turbidity currents i... more ABSTRACT A three-dimensional unsteady numerical model is applied to simulate turbidity currents in deep submarine canyons located on the continental slope of the Niger Delta. In one of the few attempts to compare field core data to numerical simulations, we conduct several high resolution flow simulations with various boundary conditions to predict the grain size and deposition rates and compare the results to grain size and bed thickness from 22 piston cores collected at different elevations above the canyon thalweg. The model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS), the Mellor–Yamada turbulence closure equations, and the sediment conservation equations for different grain size classes. The bed evolution is modeled using the Exner equation of sediment conservation allowing adjustment of the numerical grid due to bed level changes caused by sediment entrainment/deposition during each time step. The simulated flow fields suggest that turbidity current dynamics is strongly controlled by the seafloor topography. Simulated mean bed thickness and grain size show trends where values of bed thickness and grain size are fining upwards with the elevation above the channel thalweg.

ABSTRACT The modern seafloor and shallow subsurface of the western Niger Delta slope exhibits sin... more ABSTRACT The modern seafloor and shallow subsurface of the western Niger Delta slope exhibits sinuous submarine channels with multiple phases of evolution. Investigations of these channels using three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution seismic-reflection data, and piston coring offer a rare opportunity to examine a lithologically calibrated submarine channel system. At least three phases of channel development and evolution are related to changes in sediment supply coincident with updip avulsions. The first phase is predominantly incisional and creates a large valley within which the subsequent phases evolve. The second phase creates a wide, low sinuosity channel within the valley. This channel displays fluvial point-bar like accretion and expansion of the meander bends. The third and most recent phase is initiated when drainage from a nearby channel is captured by the valley system. This addition of sediment supply causes a narrowing and downcutting of the channel. This narrowing occurs via deposition along the inner bends of the channel and results in very complex inner levee geometries and architectures, which have been intricately mapped on the 3D seismic data. Piston coring of these inner levees reveal heterogeneous facies, while facies in the channel thalweg consist of coarser grained sands that are often amalgamated. The modern seafloor and grain size distributions from the piston cores were used as inputs for a three-dimensional numerical model (TCSolver). Particularly important was the inputted vertical grain size distributions obtained from the piston coring. Results from simulations of turbidity currents in this lithologically calibrated model indicate a normal sense of helical flow in the channel bends, supporting the observations from the 3D seismic data.

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (Zn... more This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (ZnO) on performance, quality of egg, blood chemistry, and antioxidant ability in serum of laying chickens (Hisex Brown) reared from 22 to 34 weeks of age. Seventy-two 22-week-old laying hens (Hisex Brown) were haphazardly separated into 3 handling collections of 24 chickens (6 replicates per treatment and four laying hens per replicate). Dietary treatments included basal diet without zinc addition for control group while the 2nd and 3rd groups contained basal diet with 25 or 75 mg ZnO/kg diet. Results showed that the higher level of ZnO (75 mg ZnO/kg diet) elevated (P < 0.01) feed intake during all studied periods compared with the control group and other groups that contained ZnO. The handling groups supplied with 75 mg ZnO/kg diet gave the worst feed: egg ratio within the whole period and the intervals compared with the control and other ZnO levels. Supplementation of zinc decreased egg number and egg output when compared with the control groups. Egg quality traits were statistically differed due to dietary ZnO supplementation except egg shape index, yolk %, and albumin %. Supplementation of zinc decreased triglyceride (P = 0.001) of laying hens. The low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol level in serum was decreased with 75 mg ZnO/kg in comparison with all treatment groups. Zinc supplementation increased the level of serum zinc without differences in supplemented zinc levels. Dietary supplemental zinc did not affect antioxidant parameters in the serum. It is concluded that dietary zinc supplementation up to 75 mg/kg used as effective supplement to enhance zinc status and antioxidant ability and activities in laying hens.

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2022

Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) a... more The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) and total sulfur amino acids (TSAA, Met+Cys) on productive performance, egg quality and egg components for Lohmann Brown laying hens through 18-34 weeks of age. A 2×3 factorial design experiment was conducted using two levels of CP (16 and 18 %) and three levels of Met+ Cys (0.67, 0.72 and 0.77 %). A total of 144 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 18 weeks of age were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups. The best values of fi nal body weight and body weight change were recorded by the hens fed 18 % CP diet. Increasing dietary CP up to 18 % accompanied with the best (P> 0.01) feed conversion, egg weight and egg mass. The combination between low-CP diet (16 %) and 0.72 % Met+ Cys gave the best percentage of egg production. The majority of egg quality traits were not signifi cantly altered by dietary treatments. The interaction between CP and Met+Cys levels had a statistical (P>0.01) impact on egg content of moisture and total solids only. It could be concluded that the best production criteria could be obtained by using 0.72% Met+Cys. Moreover, dietary level of 16 or 18 % CP with 0.72% Met+Cys is recommended for feeding Lohmann hens.

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr., 2020

We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in bro... more We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre-or pro

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr., 2019

Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quant... more Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quantity is considered as the main limiting agent of poultry productivity and efficiency (Alagawany et al., 2016). This has come about a special look to decrease dietary crude protein (CP) level in growing Japanese quail in research and industry; therefore, strategies that improve the utilization of protein, that is decrease meat production per gram of protein intake, can play an important role in mitigating ammonia emission, and reducing the total production costs in the quail industry. Several studies with quails or broiler chickens have shown that performance is

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (Zn... more This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (ZnO) on performance, quality of egg, blood chemistry, and antioxidant ability in serum of laying chickens (Hisex Brown) reared from 22 to 34 weeks of age. Seventy-two 22-week-old laying hens (Hisex Brown) were haphazardly separated into 3 handling collections of 24 chickens (6 replicates per treatment and four laying hens per replicate). Dietary treatments included basal diet without zinc addition for control group while the 2nd and 3rd groups contained basal diet with 25 or 75 mg ZnO/kg diet. Results showed that the higher level of ZnO (75 mg ZnO/kg diet) elevated (P < 0.01) feed intake during all studied periods compared with the control group and other groups that contained ZnO. The handling groups supplied with 75 mg ZnO/kg diet gave the worst feed: egg ratio within the whole period and the intervals compared with the control and other ZnO levels. Supplementation of zinc decreased egg number and egg output when compared with the control groups. Egg quality traits were statistically differed due to dietary ZnO supplementation except egg shape index, yolk %, and albumin %. Supplementation of zinc decreased triglyceride (P = 0.001) of laying hens. The low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol level in serum was decreased with 75 mg ZnO/kg in comparison with all treatment groups. Zinc supplementation increased the level of serum zinc without differences in supplemented zinc levels. Dietary supplemental zinc did not affect antioxidant parameters in the serum. It is concluded that dietary zinc supplementation up to 75 mg/kg used as effective supplement to enhance zinc status and antioxidant ability and activities in laying hens.

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2020

The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important f... more The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important for growth, production and health. Until now, there are no clear standard mineral requirements for the local Egyptian geese. Consequently, the present experiment was aimed at estimating the influence of different dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations on lipid profile, antioxidant and immunity parameters of the growing Egyptian geese. A total number of 120 Egyptian goslings (4 weeks old), with almost the same body weights were divided into 4 groups (30 goslings/group) randomly. All groups were subdivided into six replicates, each replicate contains five birds. A 2 Â 2 factorial experiment was done with 2 dietary levels of Ca (0.70 and 0.85%) and P (0.35 and 0.45%) in the diets. Lipid parameters were not significantly changed except for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol decreased significantly at dietary 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P levels. The lipid parameters were not altered by the interaction between Ca and P levels except triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Dietary supplementation of 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P improved superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The most examined immune parameters were improved by the main and the interaction effect of P and Ca levels in geese diets. In conclusion, the present findings show that the best dietary Ca and P requirements for growing Egyptian geese are 0.85%, and 0.45% respectively, without any detrimental effects on health and immune status. HIGHLIGHTS Calcium and phosphorus are very important nutrients in formulations of geese. Ca is essential for coagulation, eggshell formation, muscle and nerve function. Phosphorus has an important role in nervous system and is a significant component of eggshells, phospholipids and nucleic acids. The standard Ca and P requirement for growing geese are 0.85% and 0.45%, respectively.

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2021

A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, eac... more A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, each consisting of 40 unsexed birds (five replicates, eight birds each). Quails were reared in traditional cages (90 Â 40 Â 40 cm), and feed and water were made available throughout the 5-week trial. The treatment groups were as follows: the 1st was fed basal diet, whereas the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with ration supplemented with nano zinc (Zn-NPs) at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/kg diet, respectively. Results showed that, a significant (p .0001) improvement in body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs at doses of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on the activity of ALT, AST, and LDH. The liver profile parameters were not statistically influenced (p > .05) by dietary biological nano zinc, with the exception of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, dietary supplementation of biological Zn-NPs at concentrations of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Dietary supplementation of Zn-NPs led to an increase in beneficial microbial populations. From the obtained results, Zn-NPs supplementation at 0.2 g/kg diet had a positive effect on the performance and physiological status of growing Japanese quails. HIGHLIGHTS Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element for the general functioning of the animal body. A significant improvement in growth performance was observed in birds fed diet enriched with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs (0.1-0.3 g/kg diet) demonstrated a positive impact on immunity and antioxidant indices ARTICLE HISTORY

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018

The present study was conducted to explore the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on the physiological re... more The present study was conducted to explore the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on the physiological responses of Japanese quails and to investigate the potential modulatory role of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) against these effects. 360 mature Japanese quails (at 2 months of age) were used and the experiment was lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were divided into six equal groups as follow: control (basal diet, BD), BD+Pb (100 mg/kg diet), BD +YSE (100 mg/kg diet), BD+YSE (200 mg/kg diet), BD+Pb (100 mg/kg diet) +YSE (100 mg/kg diet) and BD + Pb (100 mg/kg diet) + YSE (200 mg/kg diet). Pb induced a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. While, increased protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tissues of exposed birds. Pb increased level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum. YSE significantly reduced the Pb-induced oxidative stress in co-treated groups especially at 200 mg/kg diet. YSE could modulate the Pb-induced decreased urea, creatinine and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) levels. YSE200 was found to be better than the YSE100 in decreasing levels of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, YSE significantly regulates glucose homeostasis in co-exposed quails. Pb residues were found to be significantly higher in kidney and pancreas tissues of Pb group compared to other groups. YES decreased the expression of metallothionein-1 in the renal and pancreatic tissues, while elevated insulin expression in the pancreatic cells by immunostaining in co-exposed groups. In conclusion, the present results conclusively demonstrate the potential modulatory effect of YSE against the Pb-induced toxic effects in different organs of Japanese quails.

Aquatic Toxicology, 2021

This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC 50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticu... more This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC 50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticus and also to measure the biochemical, behavioral, and molecular responses of the fish suchronically exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of the insecticide. The role of Petroselinum crispum essential oil (PEO) supplementation in mitigating the resulted neurotoxic insult was also investigated. The acute toxicity study revealed that the 96-h LC 50 of BF is 6.81 μg/L, and varying degrees of behavioral changes were recorded in a dose-dependent manner. The subchronic study revealed reduction of dissolved oxygen and increased ammonia in aquaria of BF-exposed fish. Clinical signs revealed high degree of discomfort and aggressiveness together with reductions in survival rate and body weight gain. The levels of monoamines in brain, and GABA and amino acids in serum were reduced, together with decreased activities of Na + /K +-ATPase and acetylcholine esterases (AchE). The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also diminshed in the brain while oxdative damage and DNA breaks were elevated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in serum increased with overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue. BF also upregulated the expression of brain-stress related genes HSP70, Caspase-3 and P53. Supplemention of PEO to BF markedly abrogated the toxic impacts of the insecticide, specially at the high level. These findings demonstrate neuroprotective, antioxidant, genoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptic effects of PEO in BF-intoxicated fish. Based on these mechanistic insights of PEO, we recommend its use as an invaluable supplement in the fish feed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sup... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) supplementation on performance, carcasses and some blood metabolites of growing quails exposed to heat stress. Three hundred sixty mix sexed Japanese quail chicks at 2 wk of age with average initial body weight of 77.4 g were randomly allotted to six dietary groups in a 3 × 2 factorial design with three dietary ASA doses (0, 0.5 and 1 g ASA/kg diet) and two ambient temperatures (one normal at 23 ± 2°C and other high at 33 ± 2°C). Body weight, daily body weight gain and feed consumption reduced in quails exposed to heat stress (33°C) during 2-4 wk of age, but not during 4-6 wk of age and during total period (2-6 wk of age). Growth rate and feed utilization were not influenced by ASA supplementation or interaction between ASA supplementation and house temperature at all ages (P > 0.05). All carcass parameters were not affected (P > 0.05) by temperature or dietary ASA or their interactions except dressing percent was decreased (P = 0.025) by ASA. Plasma cholesterol and total lipid were affected by the interaction effect, which were elevated in birds exposed to high ambient temperature (P = 0.004 or 0.022) and ASA supplementation (P = 0.041 or P = 0.003). Glucose concentrations were also influenced by interaction effect, which increased due to ASA supplementation at normal temperature, but were not affected at high temperature. The effect of high ambient temperature or its interaction with ASA did not affect hepatic enzymes and thyroid hormones of growing quails. Diets supplemented with ASA (1000 mg/kg) decreased plasma contents of aspartate transaminase, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) compared with the control. It is concluded that applications of ASA in quail diets are not suitable in mitigating the disturbances induced by heat stress in the most studied parameters.

Poultry Science, 2021

The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of low crude protein (CP) levels, zinc ... more The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of low crude protein (CP) levels, zinc sources (organic as zinc methionine-Zn-Met and inorganic as zinc oxide-ZnO) and their interactions on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood components of growing Japanese quail. A total of 450 one-wk-old Japanese quail with the same body weights were randomly distributed into 9 groups of 50 birds. The 9-diet treatments comprised 3 levels of CP (20, 22, and 24%) and 3 Zn source (0 g of Zn/kg diet, 0.1 g ZnO/kg diet, and 0.1 g Zn-Met/kg diet). The results obtained from this study showed that there were no significant differences among the groups, except for differences in body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) at 3 to 5 – and 1 to 5 wk of age for quail supplemented with 24% and 20% CP. All the studied biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by different levels of CP and Zn, except urea and creatinine, which were affected by CP levels only. In conclusion, dietary protein level for growing Japanese quails could be reduced to 20% without negative effects on their performance, carcass traits, and blood metabolites.

Aquatic Toxicology, 2021

This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticus... more This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticus and also to measure the biochemical, behavioral, and molecular responses of the fish suchronically exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of the insecticide. The role of Petroselinum crispum essential oil (PEO) supplementation in mitigating the resulted neurotoxic insult was also investigated. The acute toxicity study revealed that the 96-h LC50 of BF is 6.81 μg/L, and varying degrees of behavioral changes were recorded in a dose-dependent manner. The subchronic study revealed reduction of dissolved oxygen and increased ammonia in aquaria of BF-exposed fish. Clinical signs revealed high degree of discomfort and aggressiveness together with reductions in survival rate and body weight gain. The levels of monoamines in brain, and GABA and amino acids in serum were reduced, together with decreased activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and acetylcholine esterases (AchE). The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also diminshed in the brain while oxdative damage and DNA breaks were elevated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in serum increased with overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue. BF also upregulated the expression of brain-stress related genes HSP70, Caspase-3 and P53. Supplemention of PEO to BF markedly abrogated the toxic impacts of the insecticide, specially at the high level. These findings demonstrate neuroprotective, antioxidant, genoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptic effects of PEO in BF-intoxicated fish. Based on these mechanistic insights of PEO, we recommend its use as an invaluable supplement in the fish feed.

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2021

A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, eac... more A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, each consisting of 40 unsexed birds (five replicates, eight birds each). Quails were reared in traditional cages (90 Â 40 Â 40 cm), and feed and water were made available throughout the 5-week trial. The treatment groups were as follows: the 1st was fed basal diet, whereas the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with ration supplemented with nano zinc (Zn-NPs) at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/kg diet, respectively. Results showed that, a significant (p .0001) improvement in body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs at doses of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on the activity of ALT, AST, and LDH. The liver profile parameters were not statistically influenced (p > .05) by dietary biological nano zinc, with the exception of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, dietary supplementation of biological Zn-NPs at concentrations of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Dietary supplementation of Zn-NPs led to an increase in beneficial microbial populations. From the obtained results, Zn-NPs supplementation at 0.2 g/kg diet had a positive effect on the performance and physiological status of growing Japanese quails. HIGHLIGHTS Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element for the general functioning of the animal body. A significant improvement in growth performance was observed in birds fed diet enriched with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs (0.1-0.3 g/kg diet) demonstrated a positive impact on immunity and antioxidant indices ARTICLE HISTORY

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2020

The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important f... more The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important for growth, production and health. Until now, there are no clear standard mineral requirements for the local Egyptian geese. Consequently, the present experiment was aimed at estimating the influence of different dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations on lipid profile, antioxidant and immunity parameters of the growing Egyptian geese. A total number of 120 Egyptian goslings (4 weeks old), with almost the same body weights were divided into 4 groups (30 goslings/group) randomly. All groups were subdivided into six replicates, each replicate contains five birds. A 2 Â 2 factorial experiment was done with 2 dietary levels of Ca (0.70 and 0.85%) and P (0.35 and 0.45%) in the diets. Lipid parameters were not significantly changed except for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol decreased significantly at dietary 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P levels. The lipid parameters were not altered by the interaction between Ca and P levels except triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Dietary supplementation of 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P improved superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The most examined immune parameters were improved by the main and the interaction effect of P and Ca levels in geese diets. In conclusion, the present findings show that the best dietary Ca and P requirements for growing Egyptian geese are 0.85%, and 0.45% respectively, without any detrimental effects on health and immune status. HIGHLIGHTS Calcium and phosphorus are very important nutrients in formulations of geese. Ca is essential for coagulation, eggshell formation, muscle and nerve function. Phosphorus has an important role in nervous system and is a significant component of eggshells, phospholipids and nucleic acids. The standard Ca and P requirement for growing geese are 0.85% and 0.45%, respectively.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) a... more The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) and total sulfur amino acids (TSAA, Met+Cys) on productive performance, egg quality and egg components for Lohmann Brown laying hens through 18-34 weeks of age. A 2×3 factorial design experiment was conducted using two levels of CP (16 and 18 %) and three levels of Met+ Cys (0.67, 0.72 and 0.77 %). A total of 144 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 18 weeks of age were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups. The best values of fi nal body weight and body weight change were recorded by the hens fed 18 % CP diet. Increasing dietary CP up to 18 % accompanied with the best (P> 0.01) feed conversion, egg weight and egg mass. The combination between low-CP diet (16 %) and 0.72 % Met+ Cys gave the best percentage of egg production. The majority of egg quality traits were not signifi cantly altered by dietary treatments. The interaction between CP and Met+Cys levels had a statistical (P>0.01) impact on egg content of moisture and total solids only. It could be concluded that the best production criteria could be obtained by using 0.72% Met+Cys. Moreover, dietary level of 16 or 18 % CP with 0.72% Met+Cys is recommended for feeding Lohmann hens.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2020

We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in bro... more We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre- or probiotic administration to determine the bioavailability. While, the second group was administrated florfenicol (intracrop routes; a dosage of 30 mg/kg BW for five progressive days) without pre- or probiotic co-administration. The third and the fourth groups were administrated the same dose of florfenicol (intracrop route) for five successive days, followed by 10 days of prebiotic or probiotic treatment respectively. The plasma florfenicol % was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the first florfenicol administration (intravenous or intracrop routes) in all groups. Then, the residual levels of florfenicol were determined in liver, kidney and muscle tissues from the second, third and fourth groups which were exposed to florfenicol orally. Our results demonstrated that broilers pre-treated with prebiotic or probiotic significantly increased Cmax , AUC0- t , AUC0-inf as well as AUMC values, while significant drop was recorded in V/F and CL/F. Prebiotic or probiotic influenced the cumulative effect of florfenicol in liver and kidney tissues of treated birds.

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2019

Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quant... more Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quantity is considered as the main limiting agent of poultry productivity and efficiency (Alagawany et al., 2016). This has come about a special look to decrease dietary crude protein (CP) level in growing Japanese quail in research and industry; therefore, strategies that improve the utilization of protein, that is decrease meat production per gram of protein intake, can play an important role in mitigating ammonia emission, and reducing the total production costs in the quail industry. Several studies with quails or broiler chickens have shown that performance is

Marine Geology, 2012

ABSTRACT A three-dimensional unsteady numerical model is applied to simulate turbidity currents i... more ABSTRACT A three-dimensional unsteady numerical model is applied to simulate turbidity currents in deep submarine canyons located on the continental slope of the Niger Delta. In one of the few attempts to compare field core data to numerical simulations, we conduct several high resolution flow simulations with various boundary conditions to predict the grain size and deposition rates and compare the results to grain size and bed thickness from 22 piston cores collected at different elevations above the canyon thalweg. The model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS), the Mellor–Yamada turbulence closure equations, and the sediment conservation equations for different grain size classes. The bed evolution is modeled using the Exner equation of sediment conservation allowing adjustment of the numerical grid due to bed level changes caused by sediment entrainment/deposition during each time step. The simulated flow fields suggest that turbidity current dynamics is strongly controlled by the seafloor topography. Simulated mean bed thickness and grain size show trends where values of bed thickness and grain size are fining upwards with the elevation above the channel thalweg.

ABSTRACT The modern seafloor and shallow subsurface of the western Niger Delta slope exhibits sin... more ABSTRACT The modern seafloor and shallow subsurface of the western Niger Delta slope exhibits sinuous submarine channels with multiple phases of evolution. Investigations of these channels using three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution seismic-reflection data, and piston coring offer a rare opportunity to examine a lithologically calibrated submarine channel system. At least three phases of channel development and evolution are related to changes in sediment supply coincident with updip avulsions. The first phase is predominantly incisional and creates a large valley within which the subsequent phases evolve. The second phase creates a wide, low sinuosity channel within the valley. This channel displays fluvial point-bar like accretion and expansion of the meander bends. The third and most recent phase is initiated when drainage from a nearby channel is captured by the valley system. This addition of sediment supply causes a narrowing and downcutting of the channel. This narrowing occurs via deposition along the inner bends of the channel and results in very complex inner levee geometries and architectures, which have been intricately mapped on the 3D seismic data. Piston coring of these inner levees reveal heterogeneous facies, while facies in the channel thalweg consist of coarser grained sands that are often amalgamated. The modern seafloor and grain size distributions from the piston cores were used as inputs for a three-dimensional numerical model (TCSolver). Particularly important was the inputted vertical grain size distributions obtained from the piston coring. Results from simulations of turbidity currents in this lithologically calibrated model indicate a normal sense of helical flow in the channel bends, supporting the observations from the 3D seismic data.

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (Zn... more This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (ZnO) on performance, quality of egg, blood chemistry, and antioxidant ability in serum of laying chickens (Hisex Brown) reared from 22 to 34 weeks of age. Seventy-two 22-week-old laying hens (Hisex Brown) were haphazardly separated into 3 handling collections of 24 chickens (6 replicates per treatment and four laying hens per replicate). Dietary treatments included basal diet without zinc addition for control group while the 2nd and 3rd groups contained basal diet with 25 or 75 mg ZnO/kg diet. Results showed that the higher level of ZnO (75 mg ZnO/kg diet) elevated (P < 0.01) feed intake during all studied periods compared with the control group and other groups that contained ZnO. The handling groups supplied with 75 mg ZnO/kg diet gave the worst feed: egg ratio within the whole period and the intervals compared with the control and other ZnO levels. Supplementation of zinc decreased egg number and egg output when compared with the control groups. Egg quality traits were statistically differed due to dietary ZnO supplementation except egg shape index, yolk %, and albumin %. Supplementation of zinc decreased triglyceride (P = 0.001) of laying hens. The low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol level in serum was decreased with 75 mg ZnO/kg in comparison with all treatment groups. Zinc supplementation increased the level of serum zinc without differences in supplemented zinc levels. Dietary supplemental zinc did not affect antioxidant parameters in the serum. It is concluded that dietary zinc supplementation up to 75 mg/kg used as effective supplement to enhance zinc status and antioxidant ability and activities in laying hens.

Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2022

Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) a... more The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of dietary levels of crude protein (CP) and total sulfur amino acids (TSAA, Met+Cys) on productive performance, egg quality and egg components for Lohmann Brown laying hens through 18-34 weeks of age. A 2×3 factorial design experiment was conducted using two levels of CP (16 and 18 %) and three levels of Met+ Cys (0.67, 0.72 and 0.77 %). A total of 144 Lohmann Brown laying hens at 18 weeks of age were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups. The best values of fi nal body weight and body weight change were recorded by the hens fed 18 % CP diet. Increasing dietary CP up to 18 % accompanied with the best (P> 0.01) feed conversion, egg weight and egg mass. The combination between low-CP diet (16 %) and 0.72 % Met+ Cys gave the best percentage of egg production. The majority of egg quality traits were not signifi cantly altered by dietary treatments. The interaction between CP and Met+Cys levels had a statistical (P>0.01) impact on egg content of moisture and total solids only. It could be concluded that the best production criteria could be obtained by using 0.72% Met+Cys. Moreover, dietary level of 16 or 18 % CP with 0.72% Met+Cys is recommended for feeding Lohmann hens.

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr., 2020

We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in bro... more We evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty-five-day-old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre-or pro

J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr., 2019

Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quant... more Protein is one of the most expensive nutrients in the diets of poultry that its quality and quantity is considered as the main limiting agent of poultry productivity and efficiency (Alagawany et al., 2016). This has come about a special look to decrease dietary crude protein (CP) level in growing Japanese quail in research and industry; therefore, strategies that improve the utilization of protein, that is decrease meat production per gram of protein intake, can play an important role in mitigating ammonia emission, and reducing the total production costs in the quail industry. Several studies with quails or broiler chickens have shown that performance is

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (Zn... more This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of increased supplementation of zinc oxide (ZnO) on performance, quality of egg, blood chemistry, and antioxidant ability in serum of laying chickens (Hisex Brown) reared from 22 to 34 weeks of age. Seventy-two 22-week-old laying hens (Hisex Brown) were haphazardly separated into 3 handling collections of 24 chickens (6 replicates per treatment and four laying hens per replicate). Dietary treatments included basal diet without zinc addition for control group while the 2nd and 3rd groups contained basal diet with 25 or 75 mg ZnO/kg diet. Results showed that the higher level of ZnO (75 mg ZnO/kg diet) elevated (P < 0.01) feed intake during all studied periods compared with the control group and other groups that contained ZnO. The handling groups supplied with 75 mg ZnO/kg diet gave the worst feed: egg ratio within the whole period and the intervals compared with the control and other ZnO levels. Supplementation of zinc decreased egg number and egg output when compared with the control groups. Egg quality traits were statistically differed due to dietary ZnO supplementation except egg shape index, yolk %, and albumin %. Supplementation of zinc decreased triglyceride (P = 0.001) of laying hens. The low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol level in serum was decreased with 75 mg ZnO/kg in comparison with all treatment groups. Zinc supplementation increased the level of serum zinc without differences in supplemented zinc levels. Dietary supplemental zinc did not affect antioxidant parameters in the serum. It is concluded that dietary zinc supplementation up to 75 mg/kg used as effective supplement to enhance zinc status and antioxidant ability and activities in laying hens.

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2020

The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important f... more The background to determine the standard macro minerals requirement for geese is very important for growth, production and health. Until now, there are no clear standard mineral requirements for the local Egyptian geese. Consequently, the present experiment was aimed at estimating the influence of different dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations on lipid profile, antioxidant and immunity parameters of the growing Egyptian geese. A total number of 120 Egyptian goslings (4 weeks old), with almost the same body weights were divided into 4 groups (30 goslings/group) randomly. All groups were subdivided into six replicates, each replicate contains five birds. A 2 Â 2 factorial experiment was done with 2 dietary levels of Ca (0.70 and 0.85%) and P (0.35 and 0.45%) in the diets. Lipid parameters were not significantly changed except for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol decreased significantly at dietary 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P levels. The lipid parameters were not altered by the interaction between Ca and P levels except triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. Dietary supplementation of 0.85% Ca, and 0.45% P improved superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. The most examined immune parameters were improved by the main and the interaction effect of P and Ca levels in geese diets. In conclusion, the present findings show that the best dietary Ca and P requirements for growing Egyptian geese are 0.85%, and 0.45% respectively, without any detrimental effects on health and immune status. HIGHLIGHTS Calcium and phosphorus are very important nutrients in formulations of geese. Ca is essential for coagulation, eggshell formation, muscle and nerve function. Phosphorus has an important role in nervous system and is a significant component of eggshells, phospholipids and nucleic acids. The standard Ca and P requirement for growing geese are 0.85% and 0.45%, respectively.

Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2021

A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, eac... more A total of 200 1-week-old Japanese quails were randomly allocated into five treatment groups, each consisting of 40 unsexed birds (five replicates, eight birds each). Quails were reared in traditional cages (90 Â 40 Â 40 cm), and feed and water were made available throughout the 5-week trial. The treatment groups were as follows: the 1st was fed basal diet, whereas the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were fed with ration supplemented with nano zinc (Zn-NPs) at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g/kg diet, respectively. Results showed that, a significant (p .0001) improvement in body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio was observed in birds fed diets supplemented with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs at doses of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on the activity of ALT, AST, and LDH. The liver profile parameters were not statistically influenced (p > .05) by dietary biological nano zinc, with the exception of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, dietary supplementation of biological Zn-NPs at concentrations of 0.1-0.3 g/kg diet demonstrated a positive impact on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Dietary supplementation of Zn-NPs led to an increase in beneficial microbial populations. From the obtained results, Zn-NPs supplementation at 0.2 g/kg diet had a positive effect on the performance and physiological status of growing Japanese quails. HIGHLIGHTS Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element for the general functioning of the animal body. A significant improvement in growth performance was observed in birds fed diet enriched with 0.2 g/kg of Zn-NPs. Supplementation of Zn-NPs (0.1-0.3 g/kg diet) demonstrated a positive impact on immunity and antioxidant indices ARTICLE HISTORY

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018

The present study was conducted to explore the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on the physiological re... more The present study was conducted to explore the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on the physiological responses of Japanese quails and to investigate the potential modulatory role of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) against these effects. 360 mature Japanese quails (at 2 months of age) were used and the experiment was lasted for 8 weeks. The birds were divided into six equal groups as follow: control (basal diet, BD), BD+Pb (100 mg/kg diet), BD +YSE (100 mg/kg diet), BD+YSE (200 mg/kg diet), BD+Pb (100 mg/kg diet) +YSE (100 mg/kg diet) and BD + Pb (100 mg/kg diet) + YSE (200 mg/kg diet). Pb induced a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) level. While, increased protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tissues of exposed birds. Pb increased level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in serum. YSE significantly reduced the Pb-induced oxidative stress in co-treated groups especially at 200 mg/kg diet. YSE could modulate the Pb-induced decreased urea, creatinine and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) levels. YSE200 was found to be better than the YSE100 in decreasing levels of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Furthermore, YSE significantly regulates glucose homeostasis in co-exposed quails. Pb residues were found to be significantly higher in kidney and pancreas tissues of Pb group compared to other groups. YES decreased the expression of metallothionein-1 in the renal and pancreatic tissues, while elevated insulin expression in the pancreatic cells by immunostaining in co-exposed groups. In conclusion, the present results conclusively demonstrate the potential modulatory effect of YSE against the Pb-induced toxic effects in different organs of Japanese quails.

Aquatic Toxicology, 2021

This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC 50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticu... more This study was conceptualized in order to assess the 96-h LC 50 of bifenthrin (BF) in O. niloticus and also to measure the biochemical, behavioral, and molecular responses of the fish suchronically exposed to a sub-lethal concentration of the insecticide. The role of Petroselinum crispum essential oil (PEO) supplementation in mitigating the resulted neurotoxic insult was also investigated. The acute toxicity study revealed that the 96-h LC 50 of BF is 6.81 μg/L, and varying degrees of behavioral changes were recorded in a dose-dependent manner. The subchronic study revealed reduction of dissolved oxygen and increased ammonia in aquaria of BF-exposed fish. Clinical signs revealed high degree of discomfort and aggressiveness together with reductions in survival rate and body weight gain. The levels of monoamines in brain, and GABA and amino acids in serum were reduced, together with decreased activities of Na + /K +-ATPase and acetylcholine esterases (AchE). The activities of antioxidant enzymes were also diminshed in the brain while oxdative damage and DNA breaks were elevated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in serum increased with overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain tissue. BF also upregulated the expression of brain-stress related genes HSP70, Caspase-3 and P53. Supplemention of PEO to BF markedly abrogated the toxic impacts of the insecticide, specially at the high level. These findings demonstrate neuroprotective, antioxidant, genoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptic effects of PEO in BF-intoxicated fish. Based on these mechanistic insights of PEO, we recommend its use as an invaluable supplement in the fish feed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sup... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) supplementation on performance, carcasses and some blood metabolites of growing quails exposed to heat stress. Three hundred sixty mix sexed Japanese quail chicks at 2 wk of age with average initial body weight of 77.4 g were randomly allotted to six dietary groups in a 3 × 2 factorial design with three dietary ASA doses (0, 0.5 and 1 g ASA/kg diet) and two ambient temperatures (one normal at 23 ± 2°C and other high at 33 ± 2°C). Body weight, daily body weight gain and feed consumption reduced in quails exposed to heat stress (33°C) during 2-4 wk of age, but not during 4-6 wk of age and during total period (2-6 wk of age). Growth rate and feed utilization were not influenced by ASA supplementation or interaction between ASA supplementation and house temperature at all ages (P > 0.05). All carcass parameters were not affected (P > 0.05) by temperature or dietary ASA or their interactions except dressing percent was decreased (P = 0.025) by ASA. Plasma cholesterol and total lipid were affected by the interaction effect, which were elevated in birds exposed to high ambient temperature (P = 0.004 or 0.022) and ASA supplementation (P = 0.041 or P = 0.003). Glucose concentrations were also influenced by interaction effect, which increased due to ASA supplementation at normal temperature, but were not affected at high temperature. The effect of high ambient temperature or its interaction with ASA did not affect hepatic enzymes and thyroid hormones of growing quails. Diets supplemented with ASA (1000 mg/kg) decreased plasma contents of aspartate transaminase, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) compared with the control. It is concluded that applications of ASA in quail diets are not suitable in mitigating the disturbances induced by heat stress in the most studied parameters.