Saeed Ur Rehman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Saeed Ur Rehman

Electronics

Glaucoma is one of the eye diseases stimulated by the fluid pressure that increases in the eyes, ... more Glaucoma is one of the eye diseases stimulated by the fluid pressure that increases in the eyes, damaging the optic nerves and causing partial or complete vision loss. As Glaucoma appears in later stages and it is a slow disease, detailed screening and detection of the retinal images is required to avoid vision forfeiture. This study aims to detect glaucoma at early stages with the help of deep learning-based feature extraction. Retinal fundus images are utilized for the training and testing of our proposed model. In the first step, images are pre-processed, before the region of interest (ROI) is extracted employing segmentation. Then, features of the optic disc (OD) are extracted from the images containing optic cup (OC) utilizing the hybrid features descriptors, i.e., convolutional neural network (CNN), local binary patterns (LBP), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and speeded up robust features (SURF). Moreover, low-level features are extracted using HOG, whereas texture fea...

Sensors

In the recent era, various diseases have severely affected the lifestyle of individuals, especial... more In the recent era, various diseases have severely affected the lifestyle of individuals, especially adults. Among these, bone diseases, including Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), have a great impact on quality of life. KOA is a knee joint problem mainly produced due to decreased Articular Cartilage between femur and tibia bones, producing severe joint pain, effusion, joint movement constraints and gait anomalies. To address these issues, this study presents a novel KOA detection at early stages using deep learning-based feature extraction and classification. Firstly, the input X-ray images are preprocessed, and then the Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted through segmentation. Secondly, features are extracted from preprocessed X-ray images containing knee joint space width using hybrid feature descriptors such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) through Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and CNN using Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG). Low-level features are computed by HOG, while texture...

The paradigmatic inverted pendulum problem is one of the most important and favorite topics for C... more The paradigmatic inverted pendulum problem is one of the most important and favorite topics for Control System enthusiasts. A solution to this inherently unstable problem is discussed in this paper, with the pendulum being cart-mounted and the cart itself being moved by a belt spread between two pulleys. The pendulum is constrained to swing within predefined limits of ±25 degrees on either side of vertical axis. The feedback signals are cart and the pendulum positions using optical encoders. The digital control of the system is developed using an Atmel MEGA (ATMEGA) 8535 microcontroller. The user can tune the parameters of the system through a user interface provided in the form of a keypad and a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Mechanical aspects of the apparatus, electronic circuitry, control technique and experimental results are elaborated upon in the paper. The apparatus is intended to be used as a general purpose Control Systems lab trainer to teach the characteristics of Proport...

Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the response of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in ... more Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the response of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with locally advanced (Stage III-IVB) nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Design: It was a retrospective case series. Setting: Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore Subjects: Thirty three eligible patients out of 89 with Stage III-IVB were included. Interventions: The TNM staging used for the purpose of this study was that described in the 7 edition of AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Patients received 2 cycles of Cisplatin 75 mg/m and 5-FU 1000 mg/m, D1 and D1-D5, 3 weekly as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive CCRT of 66-70 Gy in 33-35 fractions. Main outcome measures: CT/MRI images were done after 6 weeks of completion of chemoradiation and were compared with base line imaging for response evaluation. Three y OS, 3 y LRFS and 3 y DMFS were primary endpoints of study. Results: Median age of the patient population was 49 years. Male to female ratio was 1.75:1.00. WHO...

Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting aims to develop a unique identity for a wireless device that ... more Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting aims to develop a unique identity for a wireless device that can be used in the same way a biological fingerprint operates, to improve the security and privacy of wireless communication. This is in contrast to the traditional bit-level algorithmic approaches to securing transmissions. In this letter, we introduce RF fingerprinting, and a comprehensive overview of research challenges and opportunities associated with its deployment in low-cost portable mobile devices.

Publikationsansicht. 57097524. Commutation, identification and estimation for switched reluctance... more Publikationsansicht. 57097524. Commutation, identification and estimation for switched reluctance motors (1996). Rehman, Saeed Ur. Details der Publikation. Download, http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13412. Herausgeber, Georgia Institute of Technology. ...

In GWP; Pakistan Water Partnership, Proceedings of Regional Groundwater Management Seminar, Octob... more In GWP; Pakistan Water Partnership, Proceedings of Regional Groundwater Management Seminar, October 9-11, 2000, Islamabad

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) refers to an arrangement of wireless mobile nodes that have the ten... more Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) refers to an arrangement of wireless mobile nodes that have the tendency of dynamically and freely self-organizing into temporary and arbitrary network topologies. Performance of the MANETs primarily depends upon the protocol running at the backend for routing the packets between the mobile nodes of the network. Each of these protocols has its own pros and cons in different scenarios. In this paper we have simulated an environment of MANETs consisting of a few Mobile nodes that tend to form a network amongst eachother during their random mobile behaviour. The environment has been simulated using three different routing protocols via the Network Simulator(NS)-2.35 scripting and the performance of these protocols have been compared based upon their TCP window size evaluation and the number of tcp packets successfully received at the receiving node under each scenario.

2021 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)

A series of new biologically active complexes of Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with imidazole... more A series of new biologically active complexes of Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with imidazole derivative have been synthesized. The synthesized chelating agent and metal(II) complexes were screened for antibacterial activities against four pathogenic species of bacteria namely; Eschereschi coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klesbiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. The results show that most of the metal complexes were more active than the neat ligand, against these bacterial species as expected. KEY WORDS : 1,3-Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-propanol , Coordination compounds, Antimicrobial study Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010 , 24(2), 201-207.

In this work we consider the task of detecting sheep onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) fly... more In this work we consider the task of detecting sheep onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flying at an altitude of 80 m. At this height, the sheep are relatively small, only about 15 pixels across. Although deep learning strategies have gained enormous popularity in the last decade and are now extensively used for object detection in many fields, state-of-the-art detectors perform poorly in the case of smaller objects. We develop a novel dataset of UAV imagery of sheep and consider a variety of object detectors to determine which is the most suitable for our task in terms of both accuracy and speed. Our findings indicate that a UNet detector using the weighted Hausdorff distance as a loss function during training is an excellent option for detection of sheep onboard a UAV.

Solar dryer dehumidifies the moisture for food preservation using solar radiation. In this paper ... more Solar dryer dehumidifies the moisture for food preservation using solar radiation. In this paper performance evaluation of cabinet dryer by using energy and exergy analysis tool has been presented. Experimental work on proposed design of cabinet dryer has been carried out at Abraka, Nigeria. Analysis has been performed by solving the model equation of solar radiation of Abraka, Nigeria and mathematical model of solar cabinet dryer. Mathematical model has been solved by using Engineering Equation Solver. Solution of mathematical model will give the available useful energy and exergy of solar cabinet dryer. Performance of system is evaluated by making calculation of energy utilized in drying process using experimental data. The analysis highlights the energy losses, irreversibility, exergy losses and exergy destruction at different stages. This study will help improve the efficiency of the system so that maximum energy can be utilized. Performance comparison of cabinet dryer with and...

1 Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno Uni... more 1 Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 12, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: petr.ilgner@vut.cz, phone: (+420)541146927. 2 Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 12, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: komosny@feec.vutbr.cz, phone: (+420)541146973. 3 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, 34 St. Paul St., Auckland, 1010, New Zealand. E-mail: saeed.rehman@aut.ac.nz. Abstract

Thermal Science

In the current study, investigation for the time-dependent flow of third grade fluid between two ... more In the current study, investigation for the time-dependent flow of third grade fluid between two disks is presented by exploiting the competency of numerical solvers based on Adams and implicit backward difference methods. The applicable mathematical equations are derived and simplified using boundary-layer approach. Transformations are invoked for conversion of PDE to ODE. Numerical treatment is done with Adams and backward difference scheme. The graphical and numerical illustrations are incorporated to present the effect of physical quantities in fluidic system involving squeezing disks. The level of accuracy is achieved with the help of absolute error graph between Adams and Backward difference scheme for each variants of the system model. Validation of the performance on the basis of convergence analysis also presented.

Future Generation Computer Systems

Sensors

Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a new candidate for wireless networking that utilizes the visible light ... more Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a new candidate for wireless networking that utilizes the visible light spectrum and exploits the existing lighting infrastructure in the form of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). It provides point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication on a bidirectional channel at very high data rates. However, the LiFi has small coverage, and its optical gain is closely related to the receiver’s directionality vis-à-vis the transmitter, therefore it can experience frequent service outages. To provide reliable coverage, the LiFi is integrated with other networking technologies such as wireless fidelity (WiFi) thus forming a hybrid system. The hybrid LiFi/WiFi system faces many challenges including but not limited to seamless integration with the WiFi, support for mobility, handover management, resource sharing, and load balancing. The existing literature has addressed one or the other aspect of the issues facing LiFi systems. There are limited free source tools availab...

Sensors

Due to the rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) approaches, the se... more Due to the rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) approaches, the security and robustness of the deployed algorithms need to be guaranteed. The security susceptibility of the DL algorithms to adversarial examples has been widely acknowledged. The artificially created examples will lead to different instances negatively identified by the DL models that are humanly considered benign. Practical application in actual physical scenarios with adversarial threats shows their features. Thus, adversarial attacks and defense, including machine learning and its reliability, have drawn growing interest and, in recent years, has been a hot topic of research. We introduce a framework that provides a defensive model against the adversarial speckle-noise attack, the adversarial training, and a feature fusion strategy, which preserves the classification with correct labelling. We evaluate and analyze the adversarial attacks and defenses on the retinal fundus images for t...

Electronics

Glaucoma is one of the eye diseases stimulated by the fluid pressure that increases in the eyes, ... more Glaucoma is one of the eye diseases stimulated by the fluid pressure that increases in the eyes, damaging the optic nerves and causing partial or complete vision loss. As Glaucoma appears in later stages and it is a slow disease, detailed screening and detection of the retinal images is required to avoid vision forfeiture. This study aims to detect glaucoma at early stages with the help of deep learning-based feature extraction. Retinal fundus images are utilized for the training and testing of our proposed model. In the first step, images are pre-processed, before the region of interest (ROI) is extracted employing segmentation. Then, features of the optic disc (OD) are extracted from the images containing optic cup (OC) utilizing the hybrid features descriptors, i.e., convolutional neural network (CNN), local binary patterns (LBP), histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), and speeded up robust features (SURF). Moreover, low-level features are extracted using HOG, whereas texture fea...

Sensors

In the recent era, various diseases have severely affected the lifestyle of individuals, especial... more In the recent era, various diseases have severely affected the lifestyle of individuals, especially adults. Among these, bone diseases, including Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), have a great impact on quality of life. KOA is a knee joint problem mainly produced due to decreased Articular Cartilage between femur and tibia bones, producing severe joint pain, effusion, joint movement constraints and gait anomalies. To address these issues, this study presents a novel KOA detection at early stages using deep learning-based feature extraction and classification. Firstly, the input X-ray images are preprocessed, and then the Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted through segmentation. Secondly, features are extracted from preprocessed X-ray images containing knee joint space width using hybrid feature descriptors such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) through Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and CNN using Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG). Low-level features are computed by HOG, while texture...

The paradigmatic inverted pendulum problem is one of the most important and favorite topics for C... more The paradigmatic inverted pendulum problem is one of the most important and favorite topics for Control System enthusiasts. A solution to this inherently unstable problem is discussed in this paper, with the pendulum being cart-mounted and the cart itself being moved by a belt spread between two pulleys. The pendulum is constrained to swing within predefined limits of ±25 degrees on either side of vertical axis. The feedback signals are cart and the pendulum positions using optical encoders. The digital control of the system is developed using an Atmel MEGA (ATMEGA) 8535 microcontroller. The user can tune the parameters of the system through a user interface provided in the form of a keypad and a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Mechanical aspects of the apparatus, electronic circuitry, control technique and experimental results are elaborated upon in the paper. The apparatus is intended to be used as a general purpose Control Systems lab trainer to teach the characteristics of Proport...

Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the response of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in ... more Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the response of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) in patients with locally advanced (Stage III-IVB) nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Design: It was a retrospective case series. Setting: Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore Subjects: Thirty three eligible patients out of 89 with Stage III-IVB were included. Interventions: The TNM staging used for the purpose of this study was that described in the 7 edition of AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. Patients received 2 cycles of Cisplatin 75 mg/m and 5-FU 1000 mg/m, D1 and D1-D5, 3 weekly as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive CCRT of 66-70 Gy in 33-35 fractions. Main outcome measures: CT/MRI images were done after 6 weeks of completion of chemoradiation and were compared with base line imaging for response evaluation. Three y OS, 3 y LRFS and 3 y DMFS were primary endpoints of study. Results: Median age of the patient population was 49 years. Male to female ratio was 1.75:1.00. WHO...

Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting aims to develop a unique identity for a wireless device that ... more Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting aims to develop a unique identity for a wireless device that can be used in the same way a biological fingerprint operates, to improve the security and privacy of wireless communication. This is in contrast to the traditional bit-level algorithmic approaches to securing transmissions. In this letter, we introduce RF fingerprinting, and a comprehensive overview of research challenges and opportunities associated with its deployment in low-cost portable mobile devices.

Publikationsansicht. 57097524. Commutation, identification and estimation for switched reluctance... more Publikationsansicht. 57097524. Commutation, identification and estimation for switched reluctance motors (1996). Rehman, Saeed Ur. Details der Publikation. Download, http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13412. Herausgeber, Georgia Institute of Technology. ...

In GWP; Pakistan Water Partnership, Proceedings of Regional Groundwater Management Seminar, Octob... more In GWP; Pakistan Water Partnership, Proceedings of Regional Groundwater Management Seminar, October 9-11, 2000, Islamabad

Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) refers to an arrangement of wireless mobile nodes that have the ten... more Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) refers to an arrangement of wireless mobile nodes that have the tendency of dynamically and freely self-organizing into temporary and arbitrary network topologies. Performance of the MANETs primarily depends upon the protocol running at the backend for routing the packets between the mobile nodes of the network. Each of these protocols has its own pros and cons in different scenarios. In this paper we have simulated an environment of MANETs consisting of a few Mobile nodes that tend to form a network amongst eachother during their random mobile behaviour. The environment has been simulated using three different routing protocols via the Network Simulator(NS)-2.35 scripting and the performance of these protocols have been compared based upon their TCP window size evaluation and the number of tcp packets successfully received at the receiving node under each scenario.

2021 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)

A series of new biologically active complexes of Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with imidazole... more A series of new biologically active complexes of Zn(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with imidazole derivative have been synthesized. The synthesized chelating agent and metal(II) complexes were screened for antibacterial activities against four pathogenic species of bacteria namely; Eschereschi coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klesbiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. The results show that most of the metal complexes were more active than the neat ligand, against these bacterial species as expected. KEY WORDS : 1,3-Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-propanol , Coordination compounds, Antimicrobial study Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010 , 24(2), 201-207.

In this work we consider the task of detecting sheep onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) fly... more In this work we consider the task of detecting sheep onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flying at an altitude of 80 m. At this height, the sheep are relatively small, only about 15 pixels across. Although deep learning strategies have gained enormous popularity in the last decade and are now extensively used for object detection in many fields, state-of-the-art detectors perform poorly in the case of smaller objects. We develop a novel dataset of UAV imagery of sheep and consider a variety of object detectors to determine which is the most suitable for our task in terms of both accuracy and speed. Our findings indicate that a UNet detector using the weighted Hausdorff distance as a loss function during training is an excellent option for detection of sheep onboard a UAV.

Solar dryer dehumidifies the moisture for food preservation using solar radiation. In this paper ... more Solar dryer dehumidifies the moisture for food preservation using solar radiation. In this paper performance evaluation of cabinet dryer by using energy and exergy analysis tool has been presented. Experimental work on proposed design of cabinet dryer has been carried out at Abraka, Nigeria. Analysis has been performed by solving the model equation of solar radiation of Abraka, Nigeria and mathematical model of solar cabinet dryer. Mathematical model has been solved by using Engineering Equation Solver. Solution of mathematical model will give the available useful energy and exergy of solar cabinet dryer. Performance of system is evaluated by making calculation of energy utilized in drying process using experimental data. The analysis highlights the energy losses, irreversibility, exergy losses and exergy destruction at different stages. This study will help improve the efficiency of the system so that maximum energy can be utilized. Performance comparison of cabinet dryer with and...

1 Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno Uni... more 1 Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 12, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: petr.ilgner@vut.cz, phone: (+420)541146927. 2 Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 12, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: komosny@feec.vutbr.cz, phone: (+420)541146973. 3 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, 34 St. Paul St., Auckland, 1010, New Zealand. E-mail: saeed.rehman@aut.ac.nz. Abstract

Thermal Science

In the current study, investigation for the time-dependent flow of third grade fluid between two ... more In the current study, investigation for the time-dependent flow of third grade fluid between two disks is presented by exploiting the competency of numerical solvers based on Adams and implicit backward difference methods. The applicable mathematical equations are derived and simplified using boundary-layer approach. Transformations are invoked for conversion of PDE to ODE. Numerical treatment is done with Adams and backward difference scheme. The graphical and numerical illustrations are incorporated to present the effect of physical quantities in fluidic system involving squeezing disks. The level of accuracy is achieved with the help of absolute error graph between Adams and Backward difference scheme for each variants of the system model. Validation of the performance on the basis of convergence analysis also presented.

Future Generation Computer Systems

Sensors

Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a new candidate for wireless networking that utilizes the visible light ... more Light Fidelity (LiFi) is a new candidate for wireless networking that utilizes the visible light spectrum and exploits the existing lighting infrastructure in the form of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). It provides point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication on a bidirectional channel at very high data rates. However, the LiFi has small coverage, and its optical gain is closely related to the receiver’s directionality vis-à-vis the transmitter, therefore it can experience frequent service outages. To provide reliable coverage, the LiFi is integrated with other networking technologies such as wireless fidelity (WiFi) thus forming a hybrid system. The hybrid LiFi/WiFi system faces many challenges including but not limited to seamless integration with the WiFi, support for mobility, handover management, resource sharing, and load balancing. The existing literature has addressed one or the other aspect of the issues facing LiFi systems. There are limited free source tools availab...

Sensors

Due to the rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) approaches, the se... more Due to the rapid growth in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) approaches, the security and robustness of the deployed algorithms need to be guaranteed. The security susceptibility of the DL algorithms to adversarial examples has been widely acknowledged. The artificially created examples will lead to different instances negatively identified by the DL models that are humanly considered benign. Practical application in actual physical scenarios with adversarial threats shows their features. Thus, adversarial attacks and defense, including machine learning and its reliability, have drawn growing interest and, in recent years, has been a hot topic of research. We introduce a framework that provides a defensive model against the adversarial speckle-noise attack, the adversarial training, and a feature fusion strategy, which preserves the classification with correct labelling. We evaluate and analyze the adversarial attacks and defenses on the retinal fundus images for t...