Sagala Fahad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Surfactants have all along been used to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and wate... more Surfactants have all along been used to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water to overcome the trapping phenomena that causes about 65% of the crude oil to be trapped after the primary and secondary recovery. The costs of surfactants on the other hand derived from petroleum-based source are costly. In this study, lignin was extracted from black liquor obtained by pulping local oil palm and coconut fiber and mixing it with amine and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) to form surfactant formulation for application in surfactant flooding experiments. Three formulations from each lignin with lowest IFT were evaluated for their performance in remobilizing residual oil recovery through oil displacement experiments using glass bead packed model at room temperature. For the formulation containing oil palm lignin, the forth formulation (SDBS-E4) gives the highest oil recovery (4.10 % of original oil in place) and the formulation from coconut fiber, the fifth formulation (SDBS-C5) gives the second highest oil recovery (3.30 % of original oil in place). The results show that lignin based surfactants have a good potential to recover oil.
Key words: Black liquor, oil palm, coconut fiber, lignin, surfactant, enhanced oil recovery
Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been a popular method for commercial gas injection proj... more Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been a popular method for commercial gas injection projects in many parts of the world. The injection of water and gas alternatively offers better mobility control and hence improves the volumetric sweep efficiency. Although the WAG process is conceptually sound, its field incremental recovery is disappointing as it rarely exceeds 5 to 10% OOIP. Apart from operational problem, the WAG processes suffer from inherent challenges such as water blocking, gravity segregation, mobility control in high viscous oils. This study seeks to address the mentioned problems and propose a new combination method named as ASP alternating gas (ASP-Gas) to improve the WAG efficiency process. An experiment was conducted at laboratory conditions to determine the effect of pH and slug ratio on alternating ASP with Gas. A sand pack model and moderately heavy oil with 46cp was used. Immiscible flooding process was achieved by injecting carbon dioxide gas into the core at room temperature and pressure .The result show that ASP-Gas improves oil recovery than conventional WAG. The ultimate oil recovery for pH 11 was 15.4% OOIP higher compared to other pH while the slug ratio of ASP: GAS 1:1 is the most efficient since yield the highest recovery of 14.3% OOIP, a low water cut and a relatively low CO 2 break through.
Surfactants have all along been used to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and wate... more Surfactants have all along been used to reduce the interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water to overcome the trapping phenomena that causes about 65% of the crude oil to be trapped after the primary and secondary recovery. The costs of surfactants on the other hand derived from petroleum-based source are costly. In this study, lignin was extracted from black liquor obtained by pulping local oil palm and coconut fiber and mixing it with amine and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) to form surfactant formulation for application in surfactant flooding experiments. Three formulations from each lignin with lowest IFT were evaluated for their performance in remobilizing residual oil recovery through oil displacement experiments using glass bead packed model at room temperature. For the formulation containing oil palm lignin, the forth formulation (SDBS-E4) gives the highest oil recovery (4.10 % of original oil in place) and the formulation from coconut fiber, the fifth formulation (SDBS-C5) gives the second highest oil recovery (3.30 % of original oil in place). The results show that lignin based surfactants have a good potential to recover oil.
Key words: Black liquor, oil palm, coconut fiber, lignin, surfactant, enhanced oil recovery
Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been a popular method for commercial gas injection proj... more Water alternating gas (WAG) injection has been a popular method for commercial gas injection projects in many parts of the world. The injection of water and gas alternatively offers better mobility control and hence improves the volumetric sweep efficiency. Although the WAG process is conceptually sound, its field incremental recovery is disappointing as it rarely exceeds 5 to 10% OOIP. Apart from operational problem, the WAG processes suffer from inherent challenges such as water blocking, gravity segregation, mobility control in high viscous oils. This study seeks to address the mentioned problems and propose a new combination method named as ASP alternating gas (ASP-Gas) to improve the WAG efficiency process. An experiment was conducted at laboratory conditions to determine the effect of pH and slug ratio on alternating ASP with Gas. A sand pack model and moderately heavy oil with 46cp was used. Immiscible flooding process was achieved by injecting carbon dioxide gas into the core at room temperature and pressure .The result show that ASP-Gas improves oil recovery than conventional WAG. The ultimate oil recovery for pH 11 was 15.4% OOIP higher compared to other pH while the slug ratio of ASP: GAS 1:1 is the most efficient since yield the highest recovery of 14.3% OOIP, a low water cut and a relatively low CO 2 break through.