Sagarika Patyal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sagarika Patyal

Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology, Nov 1, 2018

Objective: To assess the role of Anti VEGF agent in management of primary pterygium.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Oct 1, 2008

Background: Thirty six cases of lenticular nucleus drop following phacoemulsification and 43 case... more Background: Thirty six cases of lenticular nucleus drop following phacoemulsification and 43 cases of posterior dislocation of intraocular lens (IOL) inclusive of two paediatric cases were managed by a modified vitrectomy procedure without using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL). Methods: In these cases the incision was placed inferotemporally at pars plana. The limbal sites of the earlier cataract surgery were utilised as the other two ports. In either case adequate vitrectomy was performed first. In cases of nuclear drop, the nucleus was impaled (speared) with a micro vitreo retinal blade and brought into the anterior chamber from where it was delivered out. In cases of IOL drop the same was picked up by an intra-vitreal forceps. Result: Of the 77 adult cases treated 57 (74%) of the eyes had a visual recovery of 6/18 or more. Conclusion: Prompt surgical management in cases of nuclear drop or posterior dislocation of IOL yields good results.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Oct 1, 2009

The next care to be taken, in respect of the Senses, is a supplying of their infirmities with ins... more The next care to be taken, in respect of the Senses, is a supplying of their infirmities with instruments, and as it were, the adding of artificial organs to the natural...and as glasses have promoted our seeing, so 'tis not improbable, but that there may be found many mechanical inventions to improve our other senses of hearing, smelling, tasting and touching. " Robert Hooke English natural philosopher (1665) [1] Nothing could demonstrate more than this concept of Hooke with regards to replacement of all the senses by artificial means. Hooke was enthralled by spectacle correction itself and felt that the other senses could also be improved. No doubt the medical world has caught up with hearing aids and cochlear implants but in the real sense the restoration of sight to a blind is still in an experimental stage and the most daunting challenge in ophthalmic research.

Springer eBooks, 2021

Perimetry is the measurement of the field of vision and has been charted by various means by nume... more Perimetry is the measurement of the field of vision and has been charted by various means by numerous researchers. The hunt for a quantifiable, reproducible, effective method has resulted from years of research, and today, automated perimetry is the standard of care. Obtaining a good, reliable, reproducible field by a patient requires the patient, doctor and perimetrist to work as a team. This introductory chapter charts out the process of obtaining a good field result.

Springer eBooks, 2021

Visual fields printout has a plethora of information, and this can help in the purpose for which ... more Visual fields printout has a plethora of information, and this can help in the purpose for which it is done only if interpreted in a stepwise systemic manner. The Humphrey visual field has nine parts which have to be sequentially read and each can pose its own challenges.

International journal of retina and vitreous, Mar 26, 2018

Purpose: Among the retinal vascular diseases, burden of retinal vein occlusion is most common imm... more Purpose: Among the retinal vascular diseases, burden of retinal vein occlusion is most common immediately after diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal corticosteroids are gaining popularity in managing macular edema (ME) of RVO. Our study compares efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) and dexamethasone implant (IVD) over 6 months. Methods: This comparative, prospective, randomized study on 40 patients of non-ischemic central RVO with significant ME (> 330 μm) of < 3 months duration. Study was done at Army Research Hospital between Sep-2012 and May-2014 in accordance to Helsinki Declaration. IVD group (n = 20) received Ozurdex ® while IVTA group (n = 20) received triamcinolone-acetonide (4 mg/0.1 ml), followed up at day-1 and weeks 4, 8, 12, 24. Results: At 6 months, mean improvement in best corrected visual acuity and retinal thickness (CMT) in the IVD group was 0.43 logmar and 323 μm and in IVTA group was 0.49 logmar and 322 μm respectively. Proportion of patients achieving ≥ 15 letters was about 40% in both groups. IOP rise was significantly higher in IVTA group at 12 and 24 weeks. In IVTA group ≥ 10 mmHg IOP rise was seen in 60% of patients, 41.6% among them had > 35 mmHg and 66% needed combination treatment and failed to reach baseline line IOP at 6 months. In IVD group, 5 pts had IOP rise with all being < 26 mmHg and were easily managed with single agent with IOP reaching baseline by 6th month in all pts. Relative risk of IOP rise with IVTA is 2.4 times higher compared to IVD. Cataract progression and cataract surgeries were required at significantly higher rates in IVTA group. In IVTA group, cataract progression was seen in 35% patients, with 71.5% requiring cataract surgery at 6 months. IVD group, 10% patients had cataract progression while none required surgery at 6 months. Relative risk of cataract progression with IVTA is 3.5 times higher compared to IVD. Conclusion: Intravitreal steroids are effective in managing macular edema of retinal vein occlusion, while newer formulation of sustained release dexamethasone implant is significantly safer than IVTA.

Journal of Marine Medical Society, 2022

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Apr 1, 2010

Background: Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failed repair of a... more Background: Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failed repair of a primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The success rates for the surgery of complicated RRD has doubled with improved vitreous techniques from 35-40% to approximately 65-75% at six months. However, despite these advances, recurrent vitreo-retinal traction leads to re-detachment in more than one-fourths of the initially successful cases. The use of adjunctive treatments to prevent cellular proliferation holds promise for the prevention of PVR or recurrences after surgery. One focus has been on the use of intra-vitreal antimetabolites to prevent the occurrence of PVR. Methods: Thirty patients of complicated retinal detachment associated with PVR, C1 or more were managed by vitreo-retinal (VR) surgery with the addition of 250 μg / ml of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 1 IU / ml of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to the vitreous infusion. The patients were examined for any evidence of PVR till 180 days as also for any systemic or other ophthalmic complication. Result: Out of the 30 cases in the study group, 25 (83.34%) cases had retinal settlement at the end of six weeks, which is similar to the outcomes of conventional VR surgery. There was no case of any serious complication. Conclusion: The addition of LMWH and 5FU did not enhance the outcome of VR surgery.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Apr 1, 2009

Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopat... more Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) even without evidence of the same. Surgery could be done either with conventional buckling procedures where the extent of buckling is determined by the number and location of the breaks or by primary vitreous surgery. In this study these cases were managed with primary 360°encircling broad buckle without a vitreous procedure. Methods: 210 eyes, with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of more than six months duration and with PVR up to C3 (CP3 focal) were subjected to buckling surgery. Trans-scleral cryopexy of the breaks, 360°encircling buckle with a 276-279 tire and subretinal fluid drainage was performed. Result: Most (85.74%) of the eyes showed anatomical retinal re-attachment. Conclusion: Primary broad encircling buckling can be conducted successfully in cases of long standing retinal detachment.

Cureus

Anterior segment infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting as hypopyon uveiti... more Anterior segment infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting as hypopyon uveitis in an adult is rare. We report this case as an uncommon presentation in a patient in remission after chemotherapy for ALL. In addition to the hypopyon, the patient presented with congested eye caused by secondary raised intraocular pressure. There is a need to maintain a high index of clinical suspicion in uveitis cases, as early diagnosis of ocular malignancy can save vision. Atypical unilateral hypopyon, even in adults, can be an indication of relapsing ALL.

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports, 2022

Purpose To report a case of unilateral posterior dislocation of the cataractous lens and subluxat... more Purpose To report a case of unilateral posterior dislocation of the cataractous lens and subluxation of the lens in the fellow eye of a patient with Parkinson-plus syndrome. Observations A 67-year-old-man who was a known case of Parkinson-plus syndrome on long-term dopamine agonists and anti-psychotic medications demonstrated apraxia of lid opening associated with moderate-to-severe blepharospasm. He had unilateral posterior dislocation of the cataractous lens and subluxation of the lens in the fellow eye with no prior history of trauma or other known ocular risk factors. Conclusion and importance This case may represent an unusual example of spontaneous lens dislocation secondary to apraxia of lid opening and concurrent blepharospasm, which is associated with Parkinson-plus syndrome.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2015

Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018

Objective: To assess the role of Anti VEGF agent in management of primary pterygium.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2009

Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopat... more Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) even without evidence of the same. Surgery could be done either with conventional buckling procedures where the extent of buckling is determined by the number and location of the breaks or by primary vitreous surgery. In this study these cases were managed with primary 360°encircling broad buckle without a vitreous procedure. Methods: 210 eyes, with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of more than six months duration and with PVR up to C3 (CP3 focal) were subjected to buckling surgery. Trans-scleral cryopexy of the breaks, 360°encircling buckle with a 276-279 tire and subretinal fluid drainage was performed. Result: Most (85.74%) of the eyes showed anatomical retinal re-attachment. Conclusion: Primary broad encircling buckling can be conducted successfully in cases of long standing retinal detachment.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2010

Dear Editor, We thank Jain et al. [1] for their interest in our article. [2] We do agree that the... more Dear Editor, We thank Jain et al. [1] for their interest in our article. [2] We do agree that these lesions do improve with topical steroids. What is important here is the presence of additional systemic features like skin eruptions or involvement of a mucosa. In our patient, there were skin eruptions and painful buccal mucosal ulcers following a viral illness. Herpes simplex virus-induced erythema multiforme (EM) minor constitutes 15-60% of EM minor. The treatment is a combination of acyclovir and oral steroids. [3] Treatment with oral steroids along with oral acyclovir is definitely justified in our case. In contrast, we do see cases of EM minor with only ocular involvement in the form of coin-shaped lesions which will definitely improve only with topical steroids just like the case described by Jain et al. [1] As we have described the confocal microscopy findings speculating an immunological mechanism in the development of these coin-shaped lesions on the cornea, these lesions will definitely respond to topical steroids.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2020

Pigment dispersion syndrome predominantly affects young myopes. It is not uncommon for such patie... more Pigment dispersion syndrome predominantly affects young myopes. It is not uncommon for such patients to seek refractive surgery. It may also be encountered after an uneventful refractive surgery. We report a case of a young myopic male who presented with bilateral pigment dispersion syndrome 9 months after an uneventful photorefractive keratectomy. A meticulous ocular examination is the cornerstone of a successful refractive surgery. Through this report, we highlight the need for gonioscopy to be included as a routine examination in screening for refractive surgery.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2010

Background: Vitreous substitutes presently in use for intraoperative tamponade are perfluorocarbo... more Background: Vitreous substitutes presently in use for intraoperative tamponade are perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL) and for post operative tamponade are silicon oil (SO), sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6) and perfluorocarbon gas (PFC). Several factors are important for a thorough understanding of each of these vitreous substitutes. The absorption or necessity for removal, indications for use (including clinical studies and special surgical methods), additives and complications of use have to be considered. Methods: Three port standard pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 60 consecutive cases requiring intra-vitreal intervention. PFCL was used intra-operatively in 30 cases (PFCL group and X group). The eyes were implanted with SO (silicon oil subgroup), PFC (C 3 F 8 subgroup) and SF 6 (SF 6 subgroup) in twenty cases each. Apart from best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the retinal status and the longevity of gas when used, changes and reaction in both the anterior and posterior segments were noted. Result: The difference of postoperative BCVA in the PFCL and non-PFCL groups was statistically significant with p < 0.001. In both the PFCL and non-PFCL groups the difference between preoperative and postoperative BCVA was statistically significant with p < 0.0001. All three vitreous substitutes studied are effective given the case where they had been utilised. Conclusion: PFCL is invaluable in the management of complicated retinal detachment (RD). Where a vitreous microsurgery is indicated, the visual outcome is good. SF 6 is useful for short-term tamponade. Silicon oil and C 3 F 8 are useful for longer tamponade.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology, Nov 1, 2018

Objective: To assess the role of Anti VEGF agent in management of primary pterygium.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Oct 1, 2008

Background: Thirty six cases of lenticular nucleus drop following phacoemulsification and 43 case... more Background: Thirty six cases of lenticular nucleus drop following phacoemulsification and 43 cases of posterior dislocation of intraocular lens (IOL) inclusive of two paediatric cases were managed by a modified vitrectomy procedure without using perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL). Methods: In these cases the incision was placed inferotemporally at pars plana. The limbal sites of the earlier cataract surgery were utilised as the other two ports. In either case adequate vitrectomy was performed first. In cases of nuclear drop, the nucleus was impaled (speared) with a micro vitreo retinal blade and brought into the anterior chamber from where it was delivered out. In cases of IOL drop the same was picked up by an intra-vitreal forceps. Result: Of the 77 adult cases treated 57 (74%) of the eyes had a visual recovery of 6/18 or more. Conclusion: Prompt surgical management in cases of nuclear drop or posterior dislocation of IOL yields good results.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Oct 1, 2009

The next care to be taken, in respect of the Senses, is a supplying of their infirmities with ins... more The next care to be taken, in respect of the Senses, is a supplying of their infirmities with instruments, and as it were, the adding of artificial organs to the natural...and as glasses have promoted our seeing, so 'tis not improbable, but that there may be found many mechanical inventions to improve our other senses of hearing, smelling, tasting and touching. " Robert Hooke English natural philosopher (1665) [1] Nothing could demonstrate more than this concept of Hooke with regards to replacement of all the senses by artificial means. Hooke was enthralled by spectacle correction itself and felt that the other senses could also be improved. No doubt the medical world has caught up with hearing aids and cochlear implants but in the real sense the restoration of sight to a blind is still in an experimental stage and the most daunting challenge in ophthalmic research.

Springer eBooks, 2021

Perimetry is the measurement of the field of vision and has been charted by various means by nume... more Perimetry is the measurement of the field of vision and has been charted by various means by numerous researchers. The hunt for a quantifiable, reproducible, effective method has resulted from years of research, and today, automated perimetry is the standard of care. Obtaining a good, reliable, reproducible field by a patient requires the patient, doctor and perimetrist to work as a team. This introductory chapter charts out the process of obtaining a good field result.

Springer eBooks, 2021

Visual fields printout has a plethora of information, and this can help in the purpose for which ... more Visual fields printout has a plethora of information, and this can help in the purpose for which it is done only if interpreted in a stepwise systemic manner. The Humphrey visual field has nine parts which have to be sequentially read and each can pose its own challenges.

International journal of retina and vitreous, Mar 26, 2018

Purpose: Among the retinal vascular diseases, burden of retinal vein occlusion is most common imm... more Purpose: Among the retinal vascular diseases, burden of retinal vein occlusion is most common immediately after diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal corticosteroids are gaining popularity in managing macular edema (ME) of RVO. Our study compares efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) and dexamethasone implant (IVD) over 6 months. Methods: This comparative, prospective, randomized study on 40 patients of non-ischemic central RVO with significant ME (> 330 μm) of < 3 months duration. Study was done at Army Research Hospital between Sep-2012 and May-2014 in accordance to Helsinki Declaration. IVD group (n = 20) received Ozurdex ® while IVTA group (n = 20) received triamcinolone-acetonide (4 mg/0.1 ml), followed up at day-1 and weeks 4, 8, 12, 24. Results: At 6 months, mean improvement in best corrected visual acuity and retinal thickness (CMT) in the IVD group was 0.43 logmar and 323 μm and in IVTA group was 0.49 logmar and 322 μm respectively. Proportion of patients achieving ≥ 15 letters was about 40% in both groups. IOP rise was significantly higher in IVTA group at 12 and 24 weeks. In IVTA group ≥ 10 mmHg IOP rise was seen in 60% of patients, 41.6% among them had > 35 mmHg and 66% needed combination treatment and failed to reach baseline line IOP at 6 months. In IVD group, 5 pts had IOP rise with all being < 26 mmHg and were easily managed with single agent with IOP reaching baseline by 6th month in all pts. Relative risk of IOP rise with IVTA is 2.4 times higher compared to IVD. Cataract progression and cataract surgeries were required at significantly higher rates in IVTA group. In IVTA group, cataract progression was seen in 35% patients, with 71.5% requiring cataract surgery at 6 months. IVD group, 10% patients had cataract progression while none required surgery at 6 months. Relative risk of cataract progression with IVTA is 3.5 times higher compared to IVD. Conclusion: Intravitreal steroids are effective in managing macular edema of retinal vein occlusion, while newer formulation of sustained release dexamethasone implant is significantly safer than IVTA.

Journal of Marine Medical Society, 2022

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Apr 1, 2010

Background: Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failed repair of a... more Background: Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failed repair of a primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The success rates for the surgery of complicated RRD has doubled with improved vitreous techniques from 35-40% to approximately 65-75% at six months. However, despite these advances, recurrent vitreo-retinal traction leads to re-detachment in more than one-fourths of the initially successful cases. The use of adjunctive treatments to prevent cellular proliferation holds promise for the prevention of PVR or recurrences after surgery. One focus has been on the use of intra-vitreal antimetabolites to prevent the occurrence of PVR. Methods: Thirty patients of complicated retinal detachment associated with PVR, C1 or more were managed by vitreo-retinal (VR) surgery with the addition of 250 μg / ml of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 1 IU / ml of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to the vitreous infusion. The patients were examined for any evidence of PVR till 180 days as also for any systemic or other ophthalmic complication. Result: Out of the 30 cases in the study group, 25 (83.34%) cases had retinal settlement at the end of six weeks, which is similar to the outcomes of conventional VR surgery. There was no case of any serious complication. Conclusion: The addition of LMWH and 5FU did not enhance the outcome of VR surgery.

Medical journal, Armed Forces India, Apr 1, 2009

Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopat... more Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) even without evidence of the same. Surgery could be done either with conventional buckling procedures where the extent of buckling is determined by the number and location of the breaks or by primary vitreous surgery. In this study these cases were managed with primary 360°encircling broad buckle without a vitreous procedure. Methods: 210 eyes, with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of more than six months duration and with PVR up to C3 (CP3 focal) were subjected to buckling surgery. Trans-scleral cryopexy of the breaks, 360°encircling buckle with a 276-279 tire and subretinal fluid drainage was performed. Result: Most (85.74%) of the eyes showed anatomical retinal re-attachment. Conclusion: Primary broad encircling buckling can be conducted successfully in cases of long standing retinal detachment.

Cureus

Anterior segment infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting as hypopyon uveiti... more Anterior segment infiltration in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting as hypopyon uveitis in an adult is rare. We report this case as an uncommon presentation in a patient in remission after chemotherapy for ALL. In addition to the hypopyon, the patient presented with congested eye caused by secondary raised intraocular pressure. There is a need to maintain a high index of clinical suspicion in uveitis cases, as early diagnosis of ocular malignancy can save vision. Atypical unilateral hypopyon, even in adults, can be an indication of relapsing ALL.

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports, 2022

Purpose To report a case of unilateral posterior dislocation of the cataractous lens and subluxat... more Purpose To report a case of unilateral posterior dislocation of the cataractous lens and subluxation of the lens in the fellow eye of a patient with Parkinson-plus syndrome. Observations A 67-year-old-man who was a known case of Parkinson-plus syndrome on long-term dopamine agonists and anti-psychotic medications demonstrated apraxia of lid opening associated with moderate-to-severe blepharospasm. He had unilateral posterior dislocation of the cataractous lens and subluxation of the lens in the fellow eye with no prior history of trauma or other known ocular risk factors. Conclusion and importance This case may represent an unusual example of spontaneous lens dislocation secondary to apraxia of lid opening and concurrent blepharospasm, which is associated with Parkinson-plus syndrome.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2015

Delhi Journal of Ophthalmology, 2018

Objective: To assess the role of Anti VEGF agent in management of primary pterygium.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2009

Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopat... more Background: Chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment behaves like proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) even without evidence of the same. Surgery could be done either with conventional buckling procedures where the extent of buckling is determined by the number and location of the breaks or by primary vitreous surgery. In this study these cases were managed with primary 360°encircling broad buckle without a vitreous procedure. Methods: 210 eyes, with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of more than six months duration and with PVR up to C3 (CP3 focal) were subjected to buckling surgery. Trans-scleral cryopexy of the breaks, 360°encircling buckle with a 276-279 tire and subretinal fluid drainage was performed. Result: Most (85.74%) of the eyes showed anatomical retinal re-attachment. Conclusion: Primary broad encircling buckling can be conducted successfully in cases of long standing retinal detachment.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2010

Dear Editor, We thank Jain et al. [1] for their interest in our article. [2] We do agree that the... more Dear Editor, We thank Jain et al. [1] for their interest in our article. [2] We do agree that these lesions do improve with topical steroids. What is important here is the presence of additional systemic features like skin eruptions or involvement of a mucosa. In our patient, there were skin eruptions and painful buccal mucosal ulcers following a viral illness. Herpes simplex virus-induced erythema multiforme (EM) minor constitutes 15-60% of EM minor. The treatment is a combination of acyclovir and oral steroids. [3] Treatment with oral steroids along with oral acyclovir is definitely justified in our case. In contrast, we do see cases of EM minor with only ocular involvement in the form of coin-shaped lesions which will definitely improve only with topical steroids just like the case described by Jain et al. [1] As we have described the confocal microscopy findings speculating an immunological mechanism in the development of these coin-shaped lesions on the cornea, these lesions will definitely respond to topical steroids.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2020

Pigment dispersion syndrome predominantly affects young myopes. It is not uncommon for such patie... more Pigment dispersion syndrome predominantly affects young myopes. It is not uncommon for such patients to seek refractive surgery. It may also be encountered after an uneventful refractive surgery. We report a case of a young myopic male who presented with bilateral pigment dispersion syndrome 9 months after an uneventful photorefractive keratectomy. A meticulous ocular examination is the cornerstone of a successful refractive surgery. Through this report, we highlight the need for gonioscopy to be included as a routine examination in screening for refractive surgery.

Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 2010

Background: Vitreous substitutes presently in use for intraoperative tamponade are perfluorocarbo... more Background: Vitreous substitutes presently in use for intraoperative tamponade are perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL) and for post operative tamponade are silicon oil (SO), sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6) and perfluorocarbon gas (PFC). Several factors are important for a thorough understanding of each of these vitreous substitutes. The absorption or necessity for removal, indications for use (including clinical studies and special surgical methods), additives and complications of use have to be considered. Methods: Three port standard pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 60 consecutive cases requiring intra-vitreal intervention. PFCL was used intra-operatively in 30 cases (PFCL group and X group). The eyes were implanted with SO (silicon oil subgroup), PFC (C 3 F 8 subgroup) and SF 6 (SF 6 subgroup) in twenty cases each. Apart from best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the retinal status and the longevity of gas when used, changes and reaction in both the anterior and posterior segments were noted. Result: The difference of postoperative BCVA in the PFCL and non-PFCL groups was statistically significant with p < 0.001. In both the PFCL and non-PFCL groups the difference between preoperative and postoperative BCVA was statistically significant with p < 0.0001. All three vitreous substitutes studied are effective given the case where they had been utilised. Conclusion: PFCL is invaluable in the management of complicated retinal detachment (RD). Where a vitreous microsurgery is indicated, the visual outcome is good. SF 6 is useful for short-term tamponade. Silicon oil and C 3 F 8 are useful for longer tamponade.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology