Sukla Saha - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sukla Saha

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steel Slag for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment: A Laboratory Study

Mine Water and The Environment, Jul 19, 2019

We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat ... more We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). Simulated AMD was treated with different doses of slag (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g/L) for 24 h in batch reactors. A dose of 30 g/L was considered optimal because it raised the pH to 8.6 and resulted in 99% removal of trace metals in 24 h. The pH increased to 6.36 from the initial pH of 1.5 within 0.5 h of reaction time. Approximately 95% of all trace metals were removed. Of the major cations and anions, Mg showed the highest percentage removal (72%), followed by SO 4 (30%), K (8%), and Na (2.1%) at the 30 g/L dose and 0.5 h reaction time. However, Ca concentrations increased by 28% due to leaching from the slag. PHREEQC was used to predict the possible mineral phases precipitating during treatment. Calculated saturation indices indicated that Fe was removed mainly as goethite, hematite, and amorphous Fe(OH) 3 ; Al was removed as gibbsite and amorphous Al(OH) 3 ; Mn was removed as manganite, hausmannite, and pyrolusite; Mg was removed as Mg(OH) 2 ; and Ca and SO 4 were only minimally controlled by gypsum precipitation. Moreover, sulfate removal was increased by the precipitation of alunite, an Al-oxy hydroxysulfate mineral. Other trace elements were either co-precipitated with or adsorbed onto the Fe, Al, and Mn precipitates. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis of the slag after interaction with the AMD revealed that metals and SO 4 precipitated on the slag surface.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on Different Active Treatment Methods for Acid Mine Drainage

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an unavoidable problem generating from different active and abandoned... more Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an unavoidable problem generating from different active and abandoned mines. The untreated acidic drainage possess serious threat for the environment as it pollutes the surface as well as underground water body. Acidic drainage contains several toxic heavy metals that leave negative impact on the environment. There are different methods available for the treatment of AMD by removing potentially hazardous metals form the solution. These methods are broadly divided into two groups i.e. abiotic (can be controlled) and biotic (occurs naturally, cannot be controlled). Furthermore, these two classes are subdivided into two classes, as active and passive. This paper reviews the status of different active remediation techniques available for the treatment of AMD. It also represents the advantage and disadvantage among the different methods as well as the metal removal efficiency from AMD solution

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of hazard on human health and aquatic life in acid mine drainage treated with novel technique

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018

The research investigates a novel method to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) using lime and sodium ... more The research investigates a novel method to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) using lime and sodium hydroxide modified fly ash (NCFA) with varied dose and time. The analysis showed that pH was raised to 8.24 and approximately 99% of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb; 97% of Co, Mn, Zn; 83% of Fe; 35% of Mg; 21% of Na, SO 4 ; and 49% of Cl were removed after 20 min of reaction with 70 gm L ¡1 dose. The precipitation of these metals as well as sulfate in the form of gypsum on the NCFA surface was detected by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The possible mineral phases were identified by PHREEQC geochemical modeling. However, this analysis does not evaluate the hazard of the treated water to aquatic life and human health. Therefore, water quality index (WQI) and hazard index (HI) is proposed in this study to evaluate the risk and identify the optimum dose and time for AMD treatment. These indices confirmed that AMD should be treated with 70 gm L ¡1 dose of NCFA for 20 min to safeguard human and aquatic life. This study gives a new direction to treat AMD effectively and identify its potential risk to living organisms. KEYWORDS acid mine drainage (AMD); modified fly ash; heavy metals; water quality index (WQI); hazard index (HI)

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steel Slag for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment: A Laboratory Study

Mine Water and the Environment, 2019

We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat ... more We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). Simulated AMD was treated with different doses of slag (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g/L) for 24 h in batch reactors. A dose of 30 g/L was considered optimal because it raised the pH to 8.6 and resulted in 99% removal of trace metals in 24 h. The pH increased to 6.36 from the initial pH of 1.5 within 0.5 h of reaction time. Approximately 95% of all trace metals were removed. Of the major cations and anions, Mg showed the highest percentage removal (72%), followed by SO 4 (30%), K (8%), and Na (2.1%) at the 30 g/L dose and 0.5 h reaction time. However, Ca concentrations increased by 28% due to leaching from the slag. PHREEQC was used to predict the possible mineral phases precipitating during treatment. Calculated saturation indices indicated that Fe was removed mainly as goethite, hematite, and amorphous Fe(OH) 3 ; Al was removed as gibbsite and amorphous Al(OH) 3 ; Mn was removed as manganite, hausmannite, and pyrolusite; Mg was removed as Mg(OH) 2 ; and Ca and SO 4 were only minimally controlled by gypsum precipitation. Moreover, sulfate removal was increased by the precipitation of alunite, an Al-oxy hydroxysulfate mineral. Other trace elements were either co-precipitated with or adsorbed onto the Fe, Al, and Mn precipitates. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis of the slag after interaction with the AMD revealed that metals and SO 4 precipitated on the slag surface.

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steel Slag for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment: A Laboratory Study

Mine Water and The Environment, Jul 19, 2019

We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat ... more We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). Simulated AMD was treated with different doses of slag (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g/L) for 24 h in batch reactors. A dose of 30 g/L was considered optimal because it raised the pH to 8.6 and resulted in 99% removal of trace metals in 24 h. The pH increased to 6.36 from the initial pH of 1.5 within 0.5 h of reaction time. Approximately 95% of all trace metals were removed. Of the major cations and anions, Mg showed the highest percentage removal (72%), followed by SO 4 (30%), K (8%), and Na (2.1%) at the 30 g/L dose and 0.5 h reaction time. However, Ca concentrations increased by 28% due to leaching from the slag. PHREEQC was used to predict the possible mineral phases precipitating during treatment. Calculated saturation indices indicated that Fe was removed mainly as goethite, hematite, and amorphous Fe(OH) 3 ; Al was removed as gibbsite and amorphous Al(OH) 3 ; Mn was removed as manganite, hausmannite, and pyrolusite; Mg was removed as Mg(OH) 2 ; and Ca and SO 4 were only minimally controlled by gypsum precipitation. Moreover, sulfate removal was increased by the precipitation of alunite, an Al-oxy hydroxysulfate mineral. Other trace elements were either co-precipitated with or adsorbed onto the Fe, Al, and Mn precipitates. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis of the slag after interaction with the AMD revealed that metals and SO 4 precipitated on the slag surface.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on Different Active Treatment Methods for Acid Mine Drainage

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an unavoidable problem generating from different active and abandoned... more Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an unavoidable problem generating from different active and abandoned mines. The untreated acidic drainage possess serious threat for the environment as it pollutes the surface as well as underground water body. Acidic drainage contains several toxic heavy metals that leave negative impact on the environment. There are different methods available for the treatment of AMD by removing potentially hazardous metals form the solution. These methods are broadly divided into two groups i.e. abiotic (can be controlled) and biotic (occurs naturally, cannot be controlled). Furthermore, these two classes are subdivided into two classes, as active and passive. This paper reviews the status of different active remediation techniques available for the treatment of AMD. It also represents the advantage and disadvantage among the different methods as well as the metal removal efficiency from AMD solution

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of hazard on human health and aquatic life in acid mine drainage treated with novel technique

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018

The research investigates a novel method to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) using lime and sodium ... more The research investigates a novel method to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) using lime and sodium hydroxide modified fly ash (NCFA) with varied dose and time. The analysis showed that pH was raised to 8.24 and approximately 99% of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb; 97% of Co, Mn, Zn; 83% of Fe; 35% of Mg; 21% of Na, SO 4 ; and 49% of Cl were removed after 20 min of reaction with 70 gm L ¡1 dose. The precipitation of these metals as well as sulfate in the form of gypsum on the NCFA surface was detected by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope. The possible mineral phases were identified by PHREEQC geochemical modeling. However, this analysis does not evaluate the hazard of the treated water to aquatic life and human health. Therefore, water quality index (WQI) and hazard index (HI) is proposed in this study to evaluate the risk and identify the optimum dose and time for AMD treatment. These indices confirmed that AMD should be treated with 70 gm L ¡1 dose of NCFA for 20 min to safeguard human and aquatic life. This study gives a new direction to treat AMD effectively and identify its potential risk to living organisms. KEYWORDS acid mine drainage (AMD); modified fly ash; heavy metals; water quality index (WQI); hazard index (HI)

Research paper thumbnail of Use of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steel Slag for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment: A Laboratory Study

Mine Water and the Environment, 2019

We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat ... more We investigated the feasibility of using alkaline basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag to treat acid mine drainage (AMD). Simulated AMD was treated with different doses of slag (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 g/L) for 24 h in batch reactors. A dose of 30 g/L was considered optimal because it raised the pH to 8.6 and resulted in 99% removal of trace metals in 24 h. The pH increased to 6.36 from the initial pH of 1.5 within 0.5 h of reaction time. Approximately 95% of all trace metals were removed. Of the major cations and anions, Mg showed the highest percentage removal (72%), followed by SO 4 (30%), K (8%), and Na (2.1%) at the 30 g/L dose and 0.5 h reaction time. However, Ca concentrations increased by 28% due to leaching from the slag. PHREEQC was used to predict the possible mineral phases precipitating during treatment. Calculated saturation indices indicated that Fe was removed mainly as goethite, hematite, and amorphous Fe(OH) 3 ; Al was removed as gibbsite and amorphous Al(OH) 3 ; Mn was removed as manganite, hausmannite, and pyrolusite; Mg was removed as Mg(OH) 2 ; and Ca and SO 4 were only minimally controlled by gypsum precipitation. Moreover, sulfate removal was increased by the precipitation of alunite, an Al-oxy hydroxysulfate mineral. Other trace elements were either co-precipitated with or adsorbed onto the Fe, Al, and Mn precipitates. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis of the slag after interaction with the AMD revealed that metals and SO 4 precipitated on the slag surface.