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Papers by Saikat Samadder

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease responsible for huge... more BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease responsible for huge number of deaths in global population. Bronchoscopy was contraindicated for acute respiratory failure in critical patients due to possible transmission of virus to healthcare provider due to aerosol generating procedure (AGP). The safety, efficacy, complication rate, deaths, and transmission rate of virus to healthcare workers due to therapeutic and interventional bronchoscopy performed on COVID-19 patients are accessed.MethodsA systematic review of literature was performed as per PRISMA 2020 guidelines. To obtain literatures available in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholars with timeline from 1st Jan 2020 – 10th Dec 2021. Databases were searched with MeSH terms bronchoscopy and COVID-19 it fetched 7350 articles. Applying primary inclusion criteria of bronchoscopy in COVID-19 patients. Secondary inclusion criteria therapeutic and interventional bronchoscopy excluding the articles on dia...

Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers comments concerning our manuscript entitled Paper... more Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers comments concerning our manuscript entitled Paper Title "Calycosin attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) in mice with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by curtailing High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)-induced inflammation" (NO.: 68241). Those comments are all valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with approval. Revised portion are marked in yellow in the paper. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewer's comments are as flowing: Reviewer #1：Valeriu Marin Șurlin (No: 02534290): Responds to the reviewer's comments: However, there are limitations to the present study, the study shows that Calycosin inhibited HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, and validates the interaction by molecular docking. The future directions of this research topic should include a more thorough assessment of the specific interaction between Calycosin and HMGB1. Response: Many thanks for your positive comments. It is my great honours receiving your recommendation. As Reviewer suggested that the specific interactions between Calycosin and HMGB1 are worth studying, that's what we need do next. Thanks again for your positive comments.

Frontiers in Public Health, 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originating from Wuhan, China is causing major fatalities across th... more The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originating from Wuhan, China is causing major fatalities across the world. Viral pneumonia is commonly observed in COVID-19 pandemic. The number of deaths caused by viral pneumonia is mainly due to secondary bacterial or fungal infection. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia is poorly understood with reference to human clinical data collected from patients infected by virus and secondary bacterial or fungal infection occurring simultaneously. The co-infection inside the lungs caused by pneumonia has direct impact on the changing lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Understanding the attribution of these two immunological cells triggered by cytokines level change is of great importance to identify the progression of pneumonia from non-severe to severe state in hospitalized patients. This review elaborates the cytokines imbalance observed in SARS-CoV-1 (2003 epidemic), SARS-CoV-2 (2019 pandemic) viral pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia ...

Animal Models in Medicine and Biology, 2019

Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used, dynamic model organism to study various pathogenic dise... more Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used, dynamic model organism to study various pathogenic diseases observed ubiquitously in the human population. Drosophila, at present, is extensively used to conduct preclinical studies besides its counterpart rodents. The epidemic and pandemic diseases are discussed in this review to demonstrate Drosophila melanogaster as a key model. Epidemic and pandemic diseases are still claiming more than 5 million lives every year, and these diseases were well studied in flies. Currently there is no cure for the disease like HIV; the bacterial and fungal infections usually seen in HIV/AIDS patients could be demonstrated elaborately in Drosophila melanogaster. Diseases like myocardial infractions and cancer causing viral infection are long term effects of ART (antiretroviral therapy) that could be experimented in flies. Stable Drosophila S2 cell line, Transgenic flies, transfusion of bacteria and fungi could be implemented to study several infectious diseases and for vaccine development. The latest trends in understanding pathogenic diseases and its potential biochemical markers in flies are discussed in this review to utilize the fruit flies as a functional tool and to explore further it in drug development. The advantages and disadvantages of the fly as a model of infection are discussed along with the epidemiology and the cellular pathophysiology

Challenges in Parkinson's Disease, 2016

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting approxima... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population over age 50. PD is widely accepted as a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental contributions. Despite extensive research conducted in the area the precise etiological factors responsible remain elusive. In about 95% Parkinsonism is considered to have a sporadic component. There are currently no established curative, preventative, or diseasemodifying interventions, stemming from a poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Here lies the importance of animal models. Pharmacological insults cause Parkinsonian like phenotypes in Drosophila, thereby modelling sporadic PD. The pesticides paraquat and rotenone induced oxidative damage causing cluster specific DA neuron loss together with motor deficits. Studies in fly PD model have deciphered that signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3kinase (PI3K/Akt and target of rapamycin (TOR), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) have been defective. Further, these studies have demonstrated that fruit fly can be a potential model to screen chemical compounds for their neuroprotective efficacy. This chapter overviews current knowledge on the pathophysiology of sporadic PD employing Drosophila model and discusses the future perspectives. Further we emphasize the importance of performing genome wide screens in fly model, which

3 Biotech, 2016

The present investigation highlights the process parameters influencing the submerged fermentatio... more The present investigation highlights the process parameters influencing the submerged fermentation of chitinase by Bacillus pumilus JUBCH08, purification and characterization of the enzyme and determination of antagonistic activity of the bacterium against Fusarium oxysporum. Medium supplemented with 0.5 % chitin and peptone, at initial pH 8.0, when incubated at 35°C for 72 h favored highest chitinase production. The enzyme was purified 25.1-fold to homogeneity. The chitinase was found to be thermostable and alkali-tolerant with maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 70°C for 1 h. The molecular weight of chitinase was found to be 64 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mg 2? , Co 2? , Ca 2? and Mn 2? improved the chitinase activity. The K m and V max values of the enzyme were 0.13 mg/ml and 38.23 U/ml, respectively. When subjected to dual plate assay, the bacterium showed 45 % antagonism against F. oxysporum. Thus, it could be inferred that cultural conditions strongly affected the chitinase production by B. pumilus JUBCH08. The enzyme being thermostable and best functional under alkaline conditions could be useful for the feed industry and related biotechnological applications. Inhibition of F. oxysporum by the culture through lytic mechanism indicates its potentiality as a biocontrol agent.

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease responsible for huge... more BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease responsible for huge number of deaths in global population. Bronchoscopy was contraindicated for acute respiratory failure in critical patients due to possible transmission of virus to healthcare provider due to aerosol generating procedure (AGP). The safety, efficacy, complication rate, deaths, and transmission rate of virus to healthcare workers due to therapeutic and interventional bronchoscopy performed on COVID-19 patients are accessed.MethodsA systematic review of literature was performed as per PRISMA 2020 guidelines. To obtain literatures available in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholars with timeline from 1st Jan 2020 – 10th Dec 2021. Databases were searched with MeSH terms bronchoscopy and COVID-19 it fetched 7350 articles. Applying primary inclusion criteria of bronchoscopy in COVID-19 patients. Secondary inclusion criteria therapeutic and interventional bronchoscopy excluding the articles on dia...

Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers comments concerning our manuscript entitled Paper... more Thank you for your letter and for the reviewers comments concerning our manuscript entitled Paper Title "Calycosin attenuates acute lung injury (ALI) in mice with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by curtailing High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)-induced inflammation" (NO.: 68241). Those comments are all valuable and very helpful for revising and improving our paper, as well as the important guiding significance to our researches. We have studied comments carefully and have made correction which we hope meet with approval. Revised portion are marked in yellow in the paper. The main corrections in the paper and the responds to the reviewer's comments are as flowing: Reviewer #1：Valeriu Marin Șurlin (No: 02534290): Responds to the reviewer's comments: However, there are limitations to the present study, the study shows that Calycosin inhibited HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, and validates the interaction by molecular docking. The future directions of this research topic should include a more thorough assessment of the specific interaction between Calycosin and HMGB1. Response: Many thanks for your positive comments. It is my great honours receiving your recommendation. As Reviewer suggested that the specific interactions between Calycosin and HMGB1 are worth studying, that's what we need do next. Thanks again for your positive comments.

Frontiers in Public Health, 2021

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originating from Wuhan, China is causing major fatalities across th... more The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originating from Wuhan, China is causing major fatalities across the world. Viral pneumonia is commonly observed in COVID-19 pandemic. The number of deaths caused by viral pneumonia is mainly due to secondary bacterial or fungal infection. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia is poorly understood with reference to human clinical data collected from patients infected by virus and secondary bacterial or fungal infection occurring simultaneously. The co-infection inside the lungs caused by pneumonia has direct impact on the changing lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Understanding the attribution of these two immunological cells triggered by cytokines level change is of great importance to identify the progression of pneumonia from non-severe to severe state in hospitalized patients. This review elaborates the cytokines imbalance observed in SARS-CoV-1 (2003 epidemic), SARS-CoV-2 (2019 pandemic) viral pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia ...

Animal Models in Medicine and Biology, 2019

Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used, dynamic model organism to study various pathogenic dise... more Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used, dynamic model organism to study various pathogenic diseases observed ubiquitously in the human population. Drosophila, at present, is extensively used to conduct preclinical studies besides its counterpart rodents. The epidemic and pandemic diseases are discussed in this review to demonstrate Drosophila melanogaster as a key model. Epidemic and pandemic diseases are still claiming more than 5 million lives every year, and these diseases were well studied in flies. Currently there is no cure for the disease like HIV; the bacterial and fungal infections usually seen in HIV/AIDS patients could be demonstrated elaborately in Drosophila melanogaster. Diseases like myocardial infractions and cancer causing viral infection are long term effects of ART (antiretroviral therapy) that could be experimented in flies. Stable Drosophila S2 cell line, Transgenic flies, transfusion of bacteria and fungi could be implemented to study several infectious diseases and for vaccine development. The latest trends in understanding pathogenic diseases and its potential biochemical markers in flies are discussed in this review to utilize the fruit flies as a functional tool and to explore further it in drug development. The advantages and disadvantages of the fly as a model of infection are discussed along with the epidemiology and the cellular pathophysiology

Challenges in Parkinson's Disease, 2016

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting approxima... more Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population over age 50. PD is widely accepted as a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental contributions. Despite extensive research conducted in the area the precise etiological factors responsible remain elusive. In about 95% Parkinsonism is considered to have a sporadic component. There are currently no established curative, preventative, or diseasemodifying interventions, stemming from a poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis. Here lies the importance of animal models. Pharmacological insults cause Parkinsonian like phenotypes in Drosophila, thereby modelling sporadic PD. The pesticides paraquat and rotenone induced oxidative damage causing cluster specific DA neuron loss together with motor deficits. Studies in fly PD model have deciphered that signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3kinase (PI3K/Akt and target of rapamycin (TOR), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) have been defective. Further, these studies have demonstrated that fruit fly can be a potential model to screen chemical compounds for their neuroprotective efficacy. This chapter overviews current knowledge on the pathophysiology of sporadic PD employing Drosophila model and discusses the future perspectives. Further we emphasize the importance of performing genome wide screens in fly model, which

3 Biotech, 2016

The present investigation highlights the process parameters influencing the submerged fermentatio... more The present investigation highlights the process parameters influencing the submerged fermentation of chitinase by Bacillus pumilus JUBCH08, purification and characterization of the enzyme and determination of antagonistic activity of the bacterium against Fusarium oxysporum. Medium supplemented with 0.5 % chitin and peptone, at initial pH 8.0, when incubated at 35°C for 72 h favored highest chitinase production. The enzyme was purified 25.1-fold to homogeneity. The chitinase was found to be thermostable and alkali-tolerant with maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 70°C for 1 h. The molecular weight of chitinase was found to be 64 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mg 2? , Co 2? , Ca 2? and Mn 2? improved the chitinase activity. The K m and V max values of the enzyme were 0.13 mg/ml and 38.23 U/ml, respectively. When subjected to dual plate assay, the bacterium showed 45 % antagonism against F. oxysporum. Thus, it could be inferred that cultural conditions strongly affected the chitinase production by B. pumilus JUBCH08. The enzyme being thermostable and best functional under alkaline conditions could be useful for the feed industry and related biotechnological applications. Inhibition of F. oxysporum by the culture through lytic mechanism indicates its potentiality as a biocontrol agent.