Salam J. Hilo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Salam J. Hilo

Infrastructures, Mar 28, 2024

International Journal of Advances in Agricultural & Environmental Engineering, 2015

Finite element (FE) models are developed to investigate the axial load behavior of a composite wa... more Finite element (FE) models are developed to investigate the axial load behavior of a composite wall that consists of a double-skinned profiled steel sheet (PSS) in-filled with normal concrete and strengthened with embedded rectangular cold-formed steel (CFS). In this study, axial load behavior is compared between the FE models and an existing experimental work, and highly accurate results are obtained. Seven FE models are established to study the effectiveness of three parametric studies, namely, various thicknesses of the PSS, embedded rectangular CFS without stiffener, and embedded rectangular CFS with stiffeners with two different shapes, to improve the axial load capacity of the composite wall system. The results of this study confirm that the ultimate axial load of the composite wall increased by approximately 3.3% when PSS thickness increased from 0.8 mm to 1.0mm. Moreover, adding two embedded rectangular CFS to the composite wall improves the ultimate axial load to approximately 24% and 34% when thickness is 0.8 mm and 1.0mm, respectively. Moreover, by adding stiffeners into the embedded rectangular CFS (0.8mm thick), the ultimate axial load of the composite wall is improved by up to 54%and 62%for L-and Tshaped stiffeners, respectively.

Engineering Structures, 2016

Abstract Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beam, like any conventional structural member, for sev... more Abstract Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beam, like any conventional structural member, for several reasons need strengthening, such as by making upgrades to carry extra loads or to make repairs owing to degradation attributed to aging, fire, and fatigue. This study experimentally investigates the strengthening behaviour of the circular and rectangular simply supported CFST beams using unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, in which partial-unilateral (partial), full-unilateral (full), and full-bilateral (combined) strengthening schemes with varied layers and lengths are used. The results show that the moment capacity, energy absorption capacity, and flexural stiffness of the strengthened beam significantly improved with the increase of CFRP layers. For example, the moment capacity of the rectangular beams increased by about 26% and 38% when they were partially strengthened with two and three CFRP layers, respectively. Also, the beams were partially strengthened with two CFRP layers laid along 75% and 100% of their lengths, and that fully strengthened along 100% of its length, all achieved almost the same load improvements (+26% to +28%) in comparison with their control beam, which means that about 50% of the amount of CFRP sheets or even more can be saved and the same improvement can be achieved. The energy absorption capacity of the circular beams improved by about 21.8% when they were partially strengthened with two CFRP sheets, for example. Moreover, the flexural stiffness values of the strengthened beams fairly agreed with those predicted from the existing standards (AISC, EC4, BS5400, and AIJ) after including the effects of CFRP.

Thin-walled Structures, Dec 1, 2015

Materials Today: Proceedings, Dec 1, 2021

International Review of Civil Engineering, Sep 30, 2022

Applied Mechanics and Materials, Apr 1, 2015

This study investigates the axial load behavior of an existing composite wall consists of a doubl... more This study investigates the axial load behavior of an existing composite wall consists of a double-skinned profiled steel sheet in-filled with normal concrete. Three different composite walls in three-dimensional finite element models were developed, i.e. profiled steel sheet (PSS), core concrete, and the full composite wall system. The models were simulated and compared with the experimental results published by other researchers. Studies are then carried out on different effect of varying the PSS thicknesses, an embedded octagon cold-formed steel (CFS) thickness, and an embedded octagon CFS supported by two stiffeners with different shapes. As a result, the ultimate axial load of the composite wall was increased by approximately 3.3% when PSS thickness changed from 0.8 mm to 1.0mm. Meanwhile, the ultimate axial load was also increased by 17% and 55% when an embedded octagon CFS with thicknesses of 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm were used. Lastly, the ultimate axial load was raised by 54% and 78% when an L-shaped and a T-shaped stiffener were added.

Thin-walled Structures, 2016

Abstract This paper presents a finite element (FE) model, which is validated and developed to sim... more Abstract This paper presents a finite element (FE) model, which is validated and developed to simulate the axial load behavior of an existing experimental composite wall consisting of double-skinned profiled steel sheet (PSS) in-filled with normal concrete. This type of wall is designed to resist the axial load in the composite structure buildings. The performance of three FE models, namely, PSS only, in-filled concrete only and full composite wall system (two PSS in-filled with concrete) are accurately compared with an existing experimental test. Then, the validated FE models are utilized to perform comprehensive parametric studies which presented information about the effect of the ECFS thickness, number of the ECFS, and ECFS shapes on the load resisting behavior of the composite wall. After comparing all FE models with Euro Code 4 (EC4), the results showed reasonable degree of accuracy.

Buildings

The double-skin profiled composite wall (DSPCW) system, filled with concrete material, is favorab... more The double-skin profiled composite wall (DSPCW) system, filled with concrete material, is favorable in modern structures due to its high strength and ductility. Openings may be required within this composite wall (DSPCW) for various reasons, similar to a conventional bearing wall, which can lead to a reduction in bearing capacity. Therefore, to avoid changes in the geometry, materials, and thickness of this DSPCW wall, a new internally stiffening concept has been suggested by providing embedded cold-formed steel tube (CFST) columns. For this purpose, two full-scale DSPCW specimens were tested under static axial load, one of which was fabricated with a large opening size and stiffened with two octagonal CFST columns, while the other was designed without an opening and served as a control wall specimen. The results showed that the stiffened DSPCW with an opening achieved a slightly lower ultimate bearing strength (−9.4%) than the control wall specimen, with no reduction in the ductili...

Buildings

In this study, the flexural performance of a new composite beam–slab system filled with concrete ... more In this study, the flexural performance of a new composite beam–slab system filled with concrete material was investigated, where this system was mainly prepared from lightweight cold-formed steel sections of a beam and a deck slab for carrying heavy floor loads as another concept of a conventional composite system with a lower cost impact. For this purpose, seven samples of a profile steel sheet–dry board deck slab (PSSDB/PDS) carried by a steel cold-formed C-purlins beam (CB) were prepared and named “composite CBPDS specimen”, which were tested under a static bending load. Specifically, the effects of the profile steel sheet (PSS) direction (parallel or perpendicular to the span of the specimen) using different C-purlins configurations (double sections connected face-to-face, double separate sections, and a single section) were investigated. The research discussed the specimens’ failure modes, flexural behavior, bending capacity, bending strain relationships, and energy absorption...

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 2021

Journal of Composites for Construction, 2018

AbstractThe performance of simply supported concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beams strengthened ... more AbstractThe performance of simply supported concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beams strengthened with unidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets was investigated. Twelve circular ...

Thin-Walled Structures, 2017

Infrastructures, Mar 28, 2024

International Journal of Advances in Agricultural & Environmental Engineering, 2015

Finite element (FE) models are developed to investigate the axial load behavior of a composite wa... more Finite element (FE) models are developed to investigate the axial load behavior of a composite wall that consists of a double-skinned profiled steel sheet (PSS) in-filled with normal concrete and strengthened with embedded rectangular cold-formed steel (CFS). In this study, axial load behavior is compared between the FE models and an existing experimental work, and highly accurate results are obtained. Seven FE models are established to study the effectiveness of three parametric studies, namely, various thicknesses of the PSS, embedded rectangular CFS without stiffener, and embedded rectangular CFS with stiffeners with two different shapes, to improve the axial load capacity of the composite wall system. The results of this study confirm that the ultimate axial load of the composite wall increased by approximately 3.3% when PSS thickness increased from 0.8 mm to 1.0mm. Moreover, adding two embedded rectangular CFS to the composite wall improves the ultimate axial load to approximately 24% and 34% when thickness is 0.8 mm and 1.0mm, respectively. Moreover, by adding stiffeners into the embedded rectangular CFS (0.8mm thick), the ultimate axial load of the composite wall is improved by up to 54%and 62%for L-and Tshaped stiffeners, respectively.

Engineering Structures, 2016

Abstract Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beam, like any conventional structural member, for sev... more Abstract Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beam, like any conventional structural member, for several reasons need strengthening, such as by making upgrades to carry extra loads or to make repairs owing to degradation attributed to aging, fire, and fatigue. This study experimentally investigates the strengthening behaviour of the circular and rectangular simply supported CFST beams using unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets, in which partial-unilateral (partial), full-unilateral (full), and full-bilateral (combined) strengthening schemes with varied layers and lengths are used. The results show that the moment capacity, energy absorption capacity, and flexural stiffness of the strengthened beam significantly improved with the increase of CFRP layers. For example, the moment capacity of the rectangular beams increased by about 26% and 38% when they were partially strengthened with two and three CFRP layers, respectively. Also, the beams were partially strengthened with two CFRP layers laid along 75% and 100% of their lengths, and that fully strengthened along 100% of its length, all achieved almost the same load improvements (+26% to +28%) in comparison with their control beam, which means that about 50% of the amount of CFRP sheets or even more can be saved and the same improvement can be achieved. The energy absorption capacity of the circular beams improved by about 21.8% when they were partially strengthened with two CFRP sheets, for example. Moreover, the flexural stiffness values of the strengthened beams fairly agreed with those predicted from the existing standards (AISC, EC4, BS5400, and AIJ) after including the effects of CFRP.

Thin-walled Structures, Dec 1, 2015

Materials Today: Proceedings, Dec 1, 2021

International Review of Civil Engineering, Sep 30, 2022

Applied Mechanics and Materials, Apr 1, 2015

This study investigates the axial load behavior of an existing composite wall consists of a doubl... more This study investigates the axial load behavior of an existing composite wall consists of a double-skinned profiled steel sheet in-filled with normal concrete. Three different composite walls in three-dimensional finite element models were developed, i.e. profiled steel sheet (PSS), core concrete, and the full composite wall system. The models were simulated and compared with the experimental results published by other researchers. Studies are then carried out on different effect of varying the PSS thicknesses, an embedded octagon cold-formed steel (CFS) thickness, and an embedded octagon CFS supported by two stiffeners with different shapes. As a result, the ultimate axial load of the composite wall was increased by approximately 3.3% when PSS thickness changed from 0.8 mm to 1.0mm. Meanwhile, the ultimate axial load was also increased by 17% and 55% when an embedded octagon CFS with thicknesses of 0.8 mm and 1.0 mm were used. Lastly, the ultimate axial load was raised by 54% and 78% when an L-shaped and a T-shaped stiffener were added.

Thin-walled Structures, 2016

Abstract This paper presents a finite element (FE) model, which is validated and developed to sim... more Abstract This paper presents a finite element (FE) model, which is validated and developed to simulate the axial load behavior of an existing experimental composite wall consisting of double-skinned profiled steel sheet (PSS) in-filled with normal concrete. This type of wall is designed to resist the axial load in the composite structure buildings. The performance of three FE models, namely, PSS only, in-filled concrete only and full composite wall system (two PSS in-filled with concrete) are accurately compared with an existing experimental test. Then, the validated FE models are utilized to perform comprehensive parametric studies which presented information about the effect of the ECFS thickness, number of the ECFS, and ECFS shapes on the load resisting behavior of the composite wall. After comparing all FE models with Euro Code 4 (EC4), the results showed reasonable degree of accuracy.

Buildings

The double-skin profiled composite wall (DSPCW) system, filled with concrete material, is favorab... more The double-skin profiled composite wall (DSPCW) system, filled with concrete material, is favorable in modern structures due to its high strength and ductility. Openings may be required within this composite wall (DSPCW) for various reasons, similar to a conventional bearing wall, which can lead to a reduction in bearing capacity. Therefore, to avoid changes in the geometry, materials, and thickness of this DSPCW wall, a new internally stiffening concept has been suggested by providing embedded cold-formed steel tube (CFST) columns. For this purpose, two full-scale DSPCW specimens were tested under static axial load, one of which was fabricated with a large opening size and stiffened with two octagonal CFST columns, while the other was designed without an opening and served as a control wall specimen. The results showed that the stiffened DSPCW with an opening achieved a slightly lower ultimate bearing strength (−9.4%) than the control wall specimen, with no reduction in the ductili...

Buildings

In this study, the flexural performance of a new composite beam–slab system filled with concrete ... more In this study, the flexural performance of a new composite beam–slab system filled with concrete material was investigated, where this system was mainly prepared from lightweight cold-formed steel sections of a beam and a deck slab for carrying heavy floor loads as another concept of a conventional composite system with a lower cost impact. For this purpose, seven samples of a profile steel sheet–dry board deck slab (PSSDB/PDS) carried by a steel cold-formed C-purlins beam (CB) were prepared and named “composite CBPDS specimen”, which were tested under a static bending load. Specifically, the effects of the profile steel sheet (PSS) direction (parallel or perpendicular to the span of the specimen) using different C-purlins configurations (double sections connected face-to-face, double separate sections, and a single section) were investigated. The research discussed the specimens’ failure modes, flexural behavior, bending capacity, bending strain relationships, and energy absorption...

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 2021

Journal of Composites for Construction, 2018

AbstractThe performance of simply supported concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beams strengthened ... more AbstractThe performance of simply supported concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) beams strengthened with unidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets was investigated. Twelve circular ...

Thin-Walled Structures, 2017