Saleem Shaik - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Saleem Shaik
This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorgh... more This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorghum input and output data for the period 1970-71 to 2000-01 is collected, 2) non-parametric linear programming productivity measures are estimated, and 3) examine the impact of policy variables like percent of high yielding varieties, percent under irrigation, and herfindahl index of seasonal production
This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorgh... more This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorghum input and output data for the period 1970-71 to 2000-01 is collected, 2) non-parametric and parametric productivity measures are estimated, and 3) examine the impact of percent acreage under high yielding varieties and irrigation, state domestic product, productivity and five year plans on
Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie, 2002
Normality of crop yield residuals pooled to the state and regional level is examined using a proc... more Normality of crop yield residuals pooled to the state and regional level is examined using a procedure that accounts for trend and heteroscedasticity. Normality tests are conducted using farm-level yield data from over 200,000 producers of six crops in seven U.S. states. The results indicate consistent non-normality of crop yields. The effects of assuming normality on insurance premium rates are examined. Assuming normality is found to generate premiums that can differ substantially from premiums derived using data-based empirical distributions.Montana Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 2001-7. The Risk Management Agency, USDA, also provided support for this research. The views expressed herein are the authors' and do not necessarily represent those of Montana State University or the Risk Management Agency.Les auteurs ont analysé la normalité du rendement résiduel des cultures à l'échelon de l'État et à l'échelon régional au moyen d'une méthode tenant compte des conjectures et de l'hétéroscédasticité. Ils ont utilisé les données sur le rendement fournies par plus de 200 000 cultivateurs produisant six cultures dans sept États américains pour effectuer des tests de normalité. Les résultats révèlent l'anormalité constante des rendements. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur les conséquences d'une normalité hypothétique sur les primes d'assurance. En supposant des rendements normaux, on obtient des primes sensiblement différentes de cedes calculées avec une distribution empirique des données.
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2005
The implication of treating environmental pollution as an undesirable output (weak disposability)... more The implication of treating environmental pollution as an undesirable output (weak disposability) as well as a normal input (strong disposability) on the direct and indirect shadow price and cost estimates of nitrogen pollution abatement is analyzed using Nebraska agriculture sector data. The shadow price of nitrogen pollution abatement treated as an undesirable output represents the reduced revenue from reducing nitrogen pollution. In contrast, the shadow price of nitrogen pollution abatement treated as an input reflects the increased cost of reducing nitrogen pollution. For the 1936-97 period, the estimated shadow price and cost of nitrogen pollution abatement for Nebraska ranges from 0.91to0.91 to 0.91to2.21 per pound and from 300to300 to 300to729 million, respectively.
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2006
Producers who manipulate and switch their reported crop-yields between separately insured units c... more Producers who manipulate and switch their reported crop-yields between separately insured units can increase their insurance indemnities substantially. A statistical model that identifies potential yield switching is developed. The unrestricted statistical model is singular and is identified by imposing a mixture of system-estimable and system-nonestimable restrictions. Lower bound estimates of yield-switching fraud incidence and costs are obtained by applying the
System of input demand functions is estimated to examine the impact of farm program payments on f... more System of input demand functions is estimated to examine the impact of farm program payments on farm economic structure. Influence of farm program payments on input resource use for the time periods corresponding to the thirteen farm bills in effect since 1938 is also examined. Empirical application to Nebraska agriculture sector for the period 1936-2004 indicate positive impact of farm program payments on farm real estate, breeding livestock and other inputs. Negative influence of farm program payment on the use of farm equipment, farm labor, farm inputs, chemicals and energy was observed during the same period.
Federal crop insurance is a core component of U.S. agricultural policy. From its inception, howev... more Federal crop insurance is a core component of U.S. agricultural policy. From its inception, however, policy makers have struggled with two persistent problems: (1) higher than desired loss ratios and the resulting federal expenditures, and (2) lower than desired producer participation despite federal subsidies as high as 67 percent of some producer's premium costs (Goodwin and Smith). The persistence of higher than desired loss ratios and lower than desired producer participation have commonly been attributed to adverse selection and moral hazard (Chambers; Coble et. al.; Goodwin and Smith; Just, Calvin, and Quiggen; Makki and Somwaru; Skees and Reed; Quiggen, Karagiannis, and Stanton; Vercammen and van Kooten). Fraud has received less attention in the federal crop insurance literature although it is a common theme in the general insurance literature (Artis, Ayuso, and Guillen; Dionne; Brockett, Xia, and Derring; Picard, 1996, 2000).
This article demonstrates the importance of temporal-spatial yield, acreage and price risk apart ... more This article demonstrates the importance of temporal-spatial yield, acreage and price risk apart from price in addressing the importance of optional unit provision in Federal crop insurance program. Specifically, based on 1998 U.S. cotton producers data, the demand for optional versus basic unit is examined using binomial logit model.
The objective of this paper is to examine the potential impacts of crop insurance on farm economi... more The objective of this paper is to examine the potential impacts of crop insurance on farm economic structure using Nebraska county level data from 1980-1998. Using a profit function we fit input demand and output supply equations accounting for insurance premiums and indemnities to examine the economic impacts of crop insurance.
Gravity models were developed to estimate the potential bilateral exports of cocoa under trade li... more Gravity models were developed to estimate the potential bilateral exports of cocoa under trade liberalization by the sixteen major cocoa producing countries to the US using panel data from 1989 to 2003. The results indicate that differences between resource endowment, relative size of economies, and the sum of bilateral GDP of U.S. and exporting countries are the major determinants. Thus, as trade is liberalized, farmers share of the world price of cocoa increases and this raises exports. R 2 0.85 F(29, 186) Test for No Fixed Effects 25.69 P < 0.0001
The primary objective of this study is to empirically determine whether North American Free Trade... more The primary objective of this study is to empirically determine whether North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has contributed to increased agricultural productivity in any of its member countries. Implementation of the NAFTA began on January 1, 1994. This agreement removed most barriers to trade and investment among the United States, Canada, and Mexico, in which all non-tariff barriers to
Issues on energy have recently dominated the economic decisions of several states across the U.S.... more Issues on energy have recently dominated the economic decisions of several states across the U.S. economy and states in the southeastern region of U.S. are no exception. Almost all the states in the southeast import virtually all of their fuel resources from the Gulf Coast representing an annual financial diversion of several billions of dollars some of which could be used to develop domestic, alternative energy resources. The focus of this study was to determine the potential substitution between renewable energy and conventional energy forms in the southeast of U.S. We developed a system of factor share equations using translog cost function. The system of equations was estimated using a pooled iterative Non-linear Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) procedure with homogeneity and symmetry restrictions imposed. Findings indicate that factor demands in the southeast energy sector are price inelastic and there is limited substitution potential when energy prices rise in fuel production. The substitution potential of renewable energy for the conventional energy forms is found to be higher than that of other conventional energy forms for renewable except renewable energy for natural gas. The substitution of renewable energy for natural gas is technically infeasible since the elasticity is negative.
This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorgh... more This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorghum input and output data for the period 1970-71 to 2000-01 is collected, 2) non-parametric linear programming productivity measures are estimated, and 3) examine the impact of policy variables like percent of high yielding varieties, percent under irrigation, and herfindahl index of seasonal production
This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorgh... more This paper has a three fold contribution to the existing literature - 1) Indian state level sorghum input and output data for the period 1970-71 to 2000-01 is collected, 2) non-parametric and parametric productivity measures are estimated, and 3) examine the impact of percent acreage under high yielding varieties and irrigation, state domestic product, productivity and five year plans on
Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics-revue Canadienne D Agroeconomie, 2002
Normality of crop yield residuals pooled to the state and regional level is examined using a proc... more Normality of crop yield residuals pooled to the state and regional level is examined using a procedure that accounts for trend and heteroscedasticity. Normality tests are conducted using farm-level yield data from over 200,000 producers of six crops in seven U.S. states. The results indicate consistent non-normality of crop yields. The effects of assuming normality on insurance premium rates are examined. Assuming normality is found to generate premiums that can differ substantially from premiums derived using data-based empirical distributions.Montana Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 2001-7. The Risk Management Agency, USDA, also provided support for this research. The views expressed herein are the authors' and do not necessarily represent those of Montana State University or the Risk Management Agency.Les auteurs ont analysé la normalité du rendement résiduel des cultures à l'échelon de l'État et à l'échelon régional au moyen d'une méthode tenant compte des conjectures et de l'hétéroscédasticité. Ils ont utilisé les données sur le rendement fournies par plus de 200 000 cultivateurs produisant six cultures dans sept États américains pour effectuer des tests de normalité. Les résultats révèlent l'anormalité constante des rendements. Les auteurs s'interrogent sur les conséquences d'une normalité hypothétique sur les primes d'assurance. En supposant des rendements normaux, on obtient des primes sensiblement différentes de cedes calculées avec une distribution empirique des données.
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2005
The implication of treating environmental pollution as an undesirable output (weak disposability)... more The implication of treating environmental pollution as an undesirable output (weak disposability) as well as a normal input (strong disposability) on the direct and indirect shadow price and cost estimates of nitrogen pollution abatement is analyzed using Nebraska agriculture sector data. The shadow price of nitrogen pollution abatement treated as an undesirable output represents the reduced revenue from reducing nitrogen pollution. In contrast, the shadow price of nitrogen pollution abatement treated as an input reflects the increased cost of reducing nitrogen pollution. For the 1936-97 period, the estimated shadow price and cost of nitrogen pollution abatement for Nebraska ranges from 0.91to0.91 to 0.91to2.21 per pound and from 300to300 to 300to729 million, respectively.
American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2006
Producers who manipulate and switch their reported crop-yields between separately insured units c... more Producers who manipulate and switch their reported crop-yields between separately insured units can increase their insurance indemnities substantially. A statistical model that identifies potential yield switching is developed. The unrestricted statistical model is singular and is identified by imposing a mixture of system-estimable and system-nonestimable restrictions. Lower bound estimates of yield-switching fraud incidence and costs are obtained by applying the
System of input demand functions is estimated to examine the impact of farm program payments on f... more System of input demand functions is estimated to examine the impact of farm program payments on farm economic structure. Influence of farm program payments on input resource use for the time periods corresponding to the thirteen farm bills in effect since 1938 is also examined. Empirical application to Nebraska agriculture sector for the period 1936-2004 indicate positive impact of farm program payments on farm real estate, breeding livestock and other inputs. Negative influence of farm program payment on the use of farm equipment, farm labor, farm inputs, chemicals and energy was observed during the same period.
Federal crop insurance is a core component of U.S. agricultural policy. From its inception, howev... more Federal crop insurance is a core component of U.S. agricultural policy. From its inception, however, policy makers have struggled with two persistent problems: (1) higher than desired loss ratios and the resulting federal expenditures, and (2) lower than desired producer participation despite federal subsidies as high as 67 percent of some producer's premium costs (Goodwin and Smith). The persistence of higher than desired loss ratios and lower than desired producer participation have commonly been attributed to adverse selection and moral hazard (Chambers; Coble et. al.; Goodwin and Smith; Just, Calvin, and Quiggen; Makki and Somwaru; Skees and Reed; Quiggen, Karagiannis, and Stanton; Vercammen and van Kooten). Fraud has received less attention in the federal crop insurance literature although it is a common theme in the general insurance literature (Artis, Ayuso, and Guillen; Dionne; Brockett, Xia, and Derring; Picard, 1996, 2000).
This article demonstrates the importance of temporal-spatial yield, acreage and price risk apart ... more This article demonstrates the importance of temporal-spatial yield, acreage and price risk apart from price in addressing the importance of optional unit provision in Federal crop insurance program. Specifically, based on 1998 U.S. cotton producers data, the demand for optional versus basic unit is examined using binomial logit model.
The objective of this paper is to examine the potential impacts of crop insurance on farm economi... more The objective of this paper is to examine the potential impacts of crop insurance on farm economic structure using Nebraska county level data from 1980-1998. Using a profit function we fit input demand and output supply equations accounting for insurance premiums and indemnities to examine the economic impacts of crop insurance.
Gravity models were developed to estimate the potential bilateral exports of cocoa under trade li... more Gravity models were developed to estimate the potential bilateral exports of cocoa under trade liberalization by the sixteen major cocoa producing countries to the US using panel data from 1989 to 2003. The results indicate that differences between resource endowment, relative size of economies, and the sum of bilateral GDP of U.S. and exporting countries are the major determinants. Thus, as trade is liberalized, farmers share of the world price of cocoa increases and this raises exports. R 2 0.85 F(29, 186) Test for No Fixed Effects 25.69 P < 0.0001
The primary objective of this study is to empirically determine whether North American Free Trade... more The primary objective of this study is to empirically determine whether North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has contributed to increased agricultural productivity in any of its member countries. Implementation of the NAFTA began on January 1, 1994. This agreement removed most barriers to trade and investment among the United States, Canada, and Mexico, in which all non-tariff barriers to
Issues on energy have recently dominated the economic decisions of several states across the U.S.... more Issues on energy have recently dominated the economic decisions of several states across the U.S. economy and states in the southeastern region of U.S. are no exception. Almost all the states in the southeast import virtually all of their fuel resources from the Gulf Coast representing an annual financial diversion of several billions of dollars some of which could be used to develop domestic, alternative energy resources. The focus of this study was to determine the potential substitution between renewable energy and conventional energy forms in the southeast of U.S. We developed a system of factor share equations using translog cost function. The system of equations was estimated using a pooled iterative Non-linear Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) procedure with homogeneity and symmetry restrictions imposed. Findings indicate that factor demands in the southeast energy sector are price inelastic and there is limited substitution potential when energy prices rise in fuel production. The substitution potential of renewable energy for the conventional energy forms is found to be higher than that of other conventional energy forms for renewable except renewable energy for natural gas. The substitution of renewable energy for natural gas is technically infeasible since the elasticity is negative.