Saleh Ado - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Saleh Ado

Research paper thumbnail of Microbial Quality of Animal Compost using the Windrow and Open Pile Techniques

Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013

Composting of raw organic waste is an excellent example of highly biological processes used for a... more Composting of raw organic waste is an excellent example of highly biological processes used for agricultural practices. The Open pile and the Windrow methods where used in composting poultry, cow and Municipal solid waste for 12 weeks and the heavy metals in the finished products where determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed a steady decline in the first seven weeks of composting and the overall quality of the final compost meet the recommended standard by the European Union for finished compost. Large scale, wide spread and further researches are highly recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of culture conditions (pH and temperature) for cellulase production by Trichoderma viride Using groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) shell as substrate

Nigerian Journal of Scientific Research, Apr 15, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors that contributes to Hookworm Infection among Primary School Pupils in Some Communities of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and possible risk factors associated w... more The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and possible risk factors associated with transmission of hookworm infection among primary school children in parts of Kaduna state, Nigeria. Nine hundred (900) faecal samples were collected and analyzed for hookworm infection using the direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. The data were subjected to chi-square analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and the significant level (0.05) determined at 95%confidence interval. The overall prevalence of the infection was 5.8%. The prevalence was higher among males 7.0% (32/457) and rainy season 7.1%. Also, the prevalence was highest among children aged 12-13 years 7.2%, whose parents were artisans 7.3%, children who used to defaecate in the bush and those who used well as source of water 5.6%. Statistical analysis showed significant association in the prevalence of hookworm infection with respect to gender (P = 0.03) and age...

Research paper thumbnail of Proximate Composition of Corn Bran as a Potential Substrate for the Production of Xylanase Using Aspergillus niger

Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological studies on rotavirus associated with diarrhoea among calves and children in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019

INTRODUCTION Rotaviruses are enteric pathogens causing acute, watery, dehydrating diarrhoea in va... more INTRODUCTION Rotaviruses are enteric pathogens causing acute, watery, dehydrating diarrhoea in various host species, including birds and mammals. Rotavirus is the cause for approximately 500,000 child deaths yearly, mainly in developing countries (Rajendran and Kang, 2014). The virus is the single most important cause of infectious, severe, dehydrating diarrhoea and death worldwide in children less than 5 years (Pennap and Umoh, 2010). Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a mild to severe disease, with incubation period of abo days. The symptoms often starts with fever, nausea, and vomiting, followed by abdominal cramps and frequent watery diarrhea, which may last for 3-8 days. Infected children may also have a cough and runny nose. al., 2011) Bovine rotaviruses are important causative agents of neonatal calf diarrhoea throughout the world, and rotavirus infection is a significant cause of economic loss in the cattle ABSTRACT Rotaviruses are enteric pathogens causing acute, watery, dehydrating diarrhoea in various host species, including birds and mammals. A total of 716 diarrhoeic stool samples were collected comprising of 249 from calves and 467 from children within Kaduna State Nigeria. Rotavirus antigen was detected in the stools of calves by NSP3 Real-Time Reverse Transcription detected in children using Enzyme Linked Immunosobent Assay (ELISA). Rotavirus was detected in 34 of the 249 stool sample from calves (13.7%). The infection was higher in males (15.7%:16/102) compared to females calves (12.3%: 11/147). The highest number of cases was detected among calves 2 the result showed no significant difference between rotavirus infection in calves with mode of feeding and presence of other animals in the farm (p>0.05). There was significant difference between rotavirus infection and sanitation on farm and source of water for calves (p<0.05). An overall RV prevalence of 31.0% (143/467) was obtained in children. The infection was higher in females (32.1%:79/246) compared to males (29.9%:66/221). The highest burden was detected in children 25 (36.4%:22/77). There was no significant association between boiling of drinking water, attendance of day care and playing with toys prevalence of rotavirus (P> important cause of acute diarrhoea among calves and children in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Hence the need for improvement in sanitation and the implemention of the vaccines into the childhood immunization programme.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Screening of Black Soup

Asian Food Science Journal, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Ethanol production from corn cobs by co-culture of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i>

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2011

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger were used in a co-culture for the simultaneous sac... more Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger were used in a co-culture for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of 1% and 10% (w/v) dry pre-treated corn cobs to ethanol. Positive controls of glucose of same concentrations in a synthetic medium were also fermented. At 1% substrate concentration, the complex medium containing corn cobs had a maximum ethanol yield of 4.17%, while the synthetic medium with glucose gave 3.45%. At a higher concentration of 10% the synthetic medium gave a yield of 6.23% which is comparable to 6.17% by the complex medium. Residual sugar concentration was observed to decrease with increase in ethanol production and cell growth increased with time of fermentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Mycelial protein production by Aspergillus niger using banana peels

Science World Journal, 2010

Sample Preparation and Pretreatment: The samples were prepared by air dying in the sun to remove ... more Sample Preparation and Pretreatment: The samples were prepared by air dying in the sun to remove the moisture content. The peels were hammer milled to a fine power and sieved with a wire mesh of 80-100 pores (Roy et al., 1993), pretreated through

Research paper thumbnail of Raw starch degrading amylase production by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae grown on sorghum pomace

African Journal of Biotechnology, Aug 31, 2005

Production of raw starch degrading amylase by a mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomy... more Production of raw starch degrading amylase by a mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae grown on sorghum pomace as nutrient source was investigated. Effect of mineral nutrient supplementation of sorghum pomace on raw starch degrading amylase activity was also determined. Sorghum pomace medium significantly (P<0.05) induced higher level of raw and extracellular amylase than soluble starch medium. Mixed culture media recorded higher (P<0.05) level of raw starch degrading amylase than monoculture media. However, mineral nutrient supplementation significantly (P<0.05) suppressed raw starch degrading amylase production. The crude enzyme solution degraded both cereal and tuber or root starches significantly (P<0.05). Sources of crude enzyme significantly (P<0.05) influenced raw starch digesting activity. Optimum pH for the raw starch degrading amylase which varied between 3.0 and 8.0 depended on the source of the crude enzyme.

Research paper thumbnail of Bio-ethanol production from Elephant grass using co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was evaluated for its ethanol production potential using co... more Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was evaluated for its ethanol production potential using co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proximate and lignocellulose analysis carried out on the plant sample showed that it had crude fibre, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose contents of 31.5%, 26.78%, 18.76% and 34.16% respectively. A. niger strain (AN-15) used for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the plant sample was isolated from soil and selected upon subsequent screening because it gave highest yield of cellulase enzyme (0.1792 IU/ml/min). S. cerevisiae strain (PW-4) used for the SSF was isolated from palm wine and selected upon subsequent screening after showing ability to assimilate more sugars compared to other isolates. Fermentation of plant sample was carried out at different substrate concentrations ranging from 2-10% and highest ethanol yield (1.68g/100ml) was observed at 6% substrate concentration though lesser than that obs...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Sugar Supplementation On Citric Acid Production From Orange Pulp By Aspergillus Niger Using Submerged Fermentation

Nigerian Journal Of Microbiology, 2011

The effect of sugar supplementation on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger from orange pu... more The effect of sugar supplementation on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger from orange pulp using submerged fermentation was studied. Highest citric acid yields were obtained from three and five percent glucose supplemented orange pulp, the citric acid yields obtained were 14.S8g/1 and 13.72g/1 respectively, while orange pulp without glucose supplementation yielded the least amount of citric acid (11.S3g/I).

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of Citric Acid Production through Manipulation of Cultural Conditions of Aspergillus Niger

An Aspergillus niger isolate was screened for citric acid production from glucose and the cultura... more An Aspergillus niger isolate was screened for citric acid production from glucose and the cultural conditions were manipulated for optimum citric acid production. Optimization studies improved citric acid yield by 13.34% from 12.81 g/l obtained during the screening test to 14.52 g/l obtained at the end of the optimization studies. Glucose concentration of 15%, pH of 5.5, methanol at 3% concentration (v/v) and agitation rate of 450 rpm were found to be more suitable for citric acid production by the Aspergillus niger isolate used in this studies. Keywords : Citric acid, Aspergillus niger , Submerged fermentation, cultural conditions

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of Culture Condition for Biosorption of Lead using Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Gold Mining Site of Anka, Zamfara State

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a biosorbent for biosorption of lead from heavy metal contamin... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a biosorbent for biosorption of lead from heavy metal contaminated gold mining soil of Anka, in Zamfara State. The effects on the degree of biosorption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied: these include Contact time, pH, Temperature, Biomass load and Agitation speed. The effects of contact time were studied at 24, 48, and 72h. Results show highest uptake (98.3%) of lead at 48h and the least (97.8%) at 24h. Effect of pH studied at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, with pH 6 recording the highest lead removal of 99.0% while pH 3 recorded the least percentage biosorption. The effect of Temperature was studied at 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 0 C, the highest percentage biosorption (99.3%) recorded at 55⁰C and the lowest 98.1%) was at both 35 and 45⁰C. Effect of biomass load was studied using different volumes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5ml) of the innoculum: generally the values obtained did not show variation with change in biomass load. Effect of agitation speed was studied at 2000, 2500, and 3000rpm; the highest lead removal was at 2000 rpm. Biosorption of heavy metals is an excellent technology and represents a potentially cost-effective way for heavy metal decontamination from the environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Physicochemical properties of powdered condiments of P. biglobosa fermented with and without mixed Bacillus species A and B as inocula and subjected under different drying conditions

Archives of Applied Science Research, 2014

Two kilograms of P.biglobosa seeds were purchased from Sabongari market Zaria, Kaduna state of Ni... more Two kilograms of P.biglobosa seeds were purchased from Sabongari market Zaria, Kaduna state of Nigeria. These seeds were transported to the laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. P.biglobosa seeds were precleaned and processed for fermentation. Processed unfermented seeds of P.biglobosa (300g) were transferred in three earth pots lined with aluminum foil. Mixed Bacillus species (5%) (B.subtilis and B.pumilus) both standard and test strains were prepared as inocula and was calibrated using McFarland standard 7. Pot A was inoculated with standard strains of B.subtilis and B.pumilus (Bacillus spp A) while pot B was inoculated with test strains of B.subtilis and B.pumilus (Bacillus spp B), pot C was allowed to ferment without Bacillus species. Fermentation in all the earth pots was allowed to progress at room temperature (28±20C). It was observed that fermentation in earth pots with Bacillus species A and B fermented faster (48hrs) as compared to natural ...

Research paper thumbnail of Antifungal Activity Of Trimethyltinbenzoate-4-Picoline

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2001

Trimethyltlnbenzoate-4-picolinwe as screened for its antifungal activities against six fungi cons... more Trimethyltlnbenzoate-4-picolinwe as screened for its antifungal activities against six fungi consisting of four moulds, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor and two yeasts, Brettanomyces anomala, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from diseased grape plants (Vitis vinifera). A. niger and A. versicolor were inhibited by the compound at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, while A. flavus and S. cerevisiae required 1 mg/ml concentration. A, fumigatus and B. anomala required a higher concentration of 2.5 mg/ml for Inhibition. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for A. versicolor, A. niger, A. flavus, S, cerevisiae, A. fumigatus and B. anomala were found to be 0.4,0.45, 0.8,0.9,2.5 and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoea among children under five years in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018

Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated ... more Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated with 20%-25% of diarrhoea cases in infants. Nigeria continues to be among the first five countries with greatest number of RV disease associated deaths per year. From September 2013-August 2014, 467 stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age in Kaduna State, Nigeria and analysed for RV antigen using ELISA. An overall RV prevalence of 31.0% (143/467) was obtained with the infection occurring throughout the study period. Children from Kachia LGA had the highest prevalence of 53.8% (28/52), while children from Kagarko LGA had the lowest prevalence of 21.0% (10/74). The difference was significant (P=0.019). Highest prevalence of RV was recorded in March (75.0%:3/4) and the least in July (11.5%:3/26) with significant difference (P=0.003). Female children had highest prevalence of 32.1% (79/246) compared to male children (29.9%:66/221) with a non-significance difference (P=0.530). Children within 25-36 months had the highest prevalence of 36.4% (28/77), while children 49-60 months had the lowest prevalence of 17.6% (6/34) with no significant difference (P=0.517). The difference observed was not significant (P=0.477). The result showed no significant difference between the presence of RV infection with vomiting, fever, dehydration (P>0.05). The study has revealed that rotavirus remains an important cause of acute diarrhoea in children under five years in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Hence the need for the implemention of the vaccines into the childhood immunization programme in the country.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Tolerance Potentials of Some Bacteria Species to Heavy Metals Isolated from Contaminated Gold Mining Soil in Abare, Zamfara State

Microbiology Research Journal International, 2019

This aim of this research was to determine the tolerance ability of Bacillus lentus, Bacillus fir... more This aim of this research was to determine the tolerance ability of Bacillus lentus, Bacillus firmus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The soil sample was analysed for it heavy metal content lead was found to be in abundance beyond tolerable limit followed by cupper. Several bacterial specie were also isolated and identified from the sample and some selected species were tested for their tolerance ability in different heavy metal concentration, It was recorded that pseudomonas aeruginosa was tolerant to lead (Pb) at 800 mgl-1 Bacillus lentus to cupper at 860 mgl -1 and Bacillus firmus to chromium at 1000mgl-1. It was concluded that despite the toxicity of some heavy metals some bacterial specie were still able to withstand the environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Two Commonly Used Commercial Immunochromatographic and ELISA Screening Kits for the Detection of Anti-HCV Antibodies among Patients in North Central Nigeria

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2014

Background: Hepatitis C Virus infection presents a major public health threat globally. The adven... more Background: Hepatitis C Virus infection presents a major public health threat globally. The advent of different immunoassays for the detection of specific markers for the diagnosis of the infection since the discovery of the virus is a positive development, but their varied degrees of sensitivity and specificity is a matter of public health concern. Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of two commercial rapid test kits for the detection of antiHCV antibodies against a third generation Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) used as a gold standard. Methodology: A total of 500 patient plasma samples screened by ELISA (Autobio Diagnostics, China) were subjected to further screening using two rapid test (immuno chromatographic) strips supplied by Global Diagnostics (USA) and Wondfo Biotech Diagnostic Products (China). Results: Of the 500 samples, anti HCV was detected in 79(15.80%) by ELISA, 59(11.80%) by Wondfo strip, whereas only 45(9.00%) by Global strip method. This gave Wondfo Kit a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 99.0%, overall accuracy of 95.2%, positive predictive value of 93.6%, negative predictive value of 95.4% positive likelihood

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of rotavirus among children under five years of age with diarrhea in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 2016

Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated ... more Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated with 20%-25% of diarrhea cases in infants. Nigeria continues to be among the first five countries with greatest number of RV disease associated deaths per year. The objective was to determine some demographic factors that might be associated with rotavirus diarrhea among children in Kaduna State. From September 2013-August 2014, 401 diarrheic stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age in Kaduna State, Nigeria and analyzed for RV antigen using ELISA. An overall RV prevalence of 32.2% (129/401) was obtained with the infection occurring throughout the study period. The infection was higher in males (33.0%:63/111) compared to females (31.4%:66/210). The highest burden was detected in children 25-36 months of age (37.3%:22/59). Highest prevalence was detected in children whose parents had primary education (35.8%:19/53) and those whose parents were civil servants (35.6%:36/101). There was no statistically significant association between breast feeding and RV infection (P> 0.05). The study has revealed that rotavirus remains an important cause of acute diarrhea in children under five years in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Hence the need to introduce the vaccines into the childhood immunization program in the country

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of the genetic marker of the mutagenized strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus cereus isolated from effluent of petroleum refinery

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2010

Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the effluent of the Kaduna refining... more Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the effluent of the Kaduna refining and petrochemical company, using standard methods. These were UV-irradiated for 30mins and thereafter subjected to nitrous acid treatment. Determination of essential amino acids required by both parents and mutants for growth showed that the mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not require valine and histidine for growth. The mutational treatments resulted in a sense mutation with beneficial effects of increased petroleum degradation. The amino acids requirement for growth could thus be used as a genetic marker for organisms that are subjected to mutational treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of Microbial Quality of Animal Compost using the Windrow and Open Pile Techniques

Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2013

Composting of raw organic waste is an excellent example of highly biological processes used for a... more Composting of raw organic waste is an excellent example of highly biological processes used for agricultural practices. The Open pile and the Windrow methods where used in composting poultry, cow and Municipal solid waste for 12 weeks and the heavy metals in the finished products where determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed a steady decline in the first seven weeks of composting and the overall quality of the final compost meet the recommended standard by the European Union for finished compost. Large scale, wide spread and further researches are highly recommended.

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of culture conditions (pH and temperature) for cellulase production by Trichoderma viride Using groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) shell as substrate

Nigerian Journal of Scientific Research, Apr 15, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Risk Factors that contributes to Hookworm Infection among Primary School Pupils in Some Communities of Kaduna State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and possible risk factors associated w... more The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate and possible risk factors associated with transmission of hookworm infection among primary school children in parts of Kaduna state, Nigeria. Nine hundred (900) faecal samples were collected and analyzed for hookworm infection using the direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. The data were subjected to chi-square analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and the significant level (0.05) determined at 95%confidence interval. The overall prevalence of the infection was 5.8%. The prevalence was higher among males 7.0% (32/457) and rainy season 7.1%. Also, the prevalence was highest among children aged 12-13 years 7.2%, whose parents were artisans 7.3%, children who used to defaecate in the bush and those who used well as source of water 5.6%. Statistical analysis showed significant association in the prevalence of hookworm infection with respect to gender (P = 0.03) and age...

Research paper thumbnail of Proximate Composition of Corn Bran as a Potential Substrate for the Production of Xylanase Using Aspergillus niger

Journal of Advances in Microbiology, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological studies on rotavirus associated with diarrhoea among calves and children in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2019

INTRODUCTION Rotaviruses are enteric pathogens causing acute, watery, dehydrating diarrhoea in va... more INTRODUCTION Rotaviruses are enteric pathogens causing acute, watery, dehydrating diarrhoea in various host species, including birds and mammals. Rotavirus is the cause for approximately 500,000 child deaths yearly, mainly in developing countries (Rajendran and Kang, 2014). The virus is the single most important cause of infectious, severe, dehydrating diarrhoea and death worldwide in children less than 5 years (Pennap and Umoh, 2010). Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a mild to severe disease, with incubation period of abo days. The symptoms often starts with fever, nausea, and vomiting, followed by abdominal cramps and frequent watery diarrhea, which may last for 3-8 days. Infected children may also have a cough and runny nose. al., 2011) Bovine rotaviruses are important causative agents of neonatal calf diarrhoea throughout the world, and rotavirus infection is a significant cause of economic loss in the cattle ABSTRACT Rotaviruses are enteric pathogens causing acute, watery, dehydrating diarrhoea in various host species, including birds and mammals. A total of 716 diarrhoeic stool samples were collected comprising of 249 from calves and 467 from children within Kaduna State Nigeria. Rotavirus antigen was detected in the stools of calves by NSP3 Real-Time Reverse Transcription detected in children using Enzyme Linked Immunosobent Assay (ELISA). Rotavirus was detected in 34 of the 249 stool sample from calves (13.7%). The infection was higher in males (15.7%:16/102) compared to females calves (12.3%: 11/147). The highest number of cases was detected among calves 2 the result showed no significant difference between rotavirus infection in calves with mode of feeding and presence of other animals in the farm (p>0.05). There was significant difference between rotavirus infection and sanitation on farm and source of water for calves (p<0.05). An overall RV prevalence of 31.0% (143/467) was obtained in children. The infection was higher in females (32.1%:79/246) compared to males (29.9%:66/221). The highest burden was detected in children 25 (36.4%:22/77). There was no significant association between boiling of drinking water, attendance of day care and playing with toys prevalence of rotavirus (P> important cause of acute diarrhoea among calves and children in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Hence the need for improvement in sanitation and the implemention of the vaccines into the childhood immunization programme.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Screening of Black Soup

Asian Food Science Journal, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Ethanol production from corn cobs by co-culture of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i>

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2011

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger were used in a co-culture for the simultaneous sac... more Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger were used in a co-culture for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of 1% and 10% (w/v) dry pre-treated corn cobs to ethanol. Positive controls of glucose of same concentrations in a synthetic medium were also fermented. At 1% substrate concentration, the complex medium containing corn cobs had a maximum ethanol yield of 4.17%, while the synthetic medium with glucose gave 3.45%. At a higher concentration of 10% the synthetic medium gave a yield of 6.23% which is comparable to 6.17% by the complex medium. Residual sugar concentration was observed to decrease with increase in ethanol production and cell growth increased with time of fermentation.

Research paper thumbnail of Mycelial protein production by Aspergillus niger using banana peels

Science World Journal, 2010

Sample Preparation and Pretreatment: The samples were prepared by air dying in the sun to remove ... more Sample Preparation and Pretreatment: The samples were prepared by air dying in the sun to remove the moisture content. The peels were hammer milled to a fine power and sieved with a wire mesh of 80-100 pores (Roy et al., 1993), pretreated through

Research paper thumbnail of Raw starch degrading amylase production by mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae grown on sorghum pomace

African Journal of Biotechnology, Aug 31, 2005

Production of raw starch degrading amylase by a mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomy... more Production of raw starch degrading amylase by a mixed culture of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisae grown on sorghum pomace as nutrient source was investigated. Effect of mineral nutrient supplementation of sorghum pomace on raw starch degrading amylase activity was also determined. Sorghum pomace medium significantly (P<0.05) induced higher level of raw and extracellular amylase than soluble starch medium. Mixed culture media recorded higher (P<0.05) level of raw starch degrading amylase than monoculture media. However, mineral nutrient supplementation significantly (P<0.05) suppressed raw starch degrading amylase production. The crude enzyme solution degraded both cereal and tuber or root starches significantly (P<0.05). Sources of crude enzyme significantly (P<0.05) influenced raw starch digesting activity. Optimum pH for the raw starch degrading amylase which varied between 3.0 and 8.0 depended on the source of the crude enzyme.

Research paper thumbnail of Bio-ethanol production from Elephant grass using co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was evaluated for its ethanol production potential using co... more Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was evaluated for its ethanol production potential using co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proximate and lignocellulose analysis carried out on the plant sample showed that it had crude fibre, lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose contents of 31.5%, 26.78%, 18.76% and 34.16% respectively. A. niger strain (AN-15) used for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of the plant sample was isolated from soil and selected upon subsequent screening because it gave highest yield of cellulase enzyme (0.1792 IU/ml/min). S. cerevisiae strain (PW-4) used for the SSF was isolated from palm wine and selected upon subsequent screening after showing ability to assimilate more sugars compared to other isolates. Fermentation of plant sample was carried out at different substrate concentrations ranging from 2-10% and highest ethanol yield (1.68g/100ml) was observed at 6% substrate concentration though lesser than that obs...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Sugar Supplementation On Citric Acid Production From Orange Pulp By Aspergillus Niger Using Submerged Fermentation

Nigerian Journal Of Microbiology, 2011

The effect of sugar supplementation on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger from orange pu... more The effect of sugar supplementation on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger from orange pulp using submerged fermentation was studied. Highest citric acid yields were obtained from three and five percent glucose supplemented orange pulp, the citric acid yields obtained were 14.S8g/1 and 13.72g/1 respectively, while orange pulp without glucose supplementation yielded the least amount of citric acid (11.S3g/I).

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of Citric Acid Production through Manipulation of Cultural Conditions of Aspergillus Niger

An Aspergillus niger isolate was screened for citric acid production from glucose and the cultura... more An Aspergillus niger isolate was screened for citric acid production from glucose and the cultural conditions were manipulated for optimum citric acid production. Optimization studies improved citric acid yield by 13.34% from 12.81 g/l obtained during the screening test to 14.52 g/l obtained at the end of the optimization studies. Glucose concentration of 15%, pH of 5.5, methanol at 3% concentration (v/v) and agitation rate of 450 rpm were found to be more suitable for citric acid production by the Aspergillus niger isolate used in this studies. Keywords : Citric acid, Aspergillus niger , Submerged fermentation, cultural conditions

Research paper thumbnail of Optimization of Culture Condition for Biosorption of Lead using Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Gold Mining Site of Anka, Zamfara State

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a biosorbent for biosorption of lead from heavy metal contamin... more Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a biosorbent for biosorption of lead from heavy metal contaminated gold mining soil of Anka, in Zamfara State. The effects on the degree of biosorption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied: these include Contact time, pH, Temperature, Biomass load and Agitation speed. The effects of contact time were studied at 24, 48, and 72h. Results show highest uptake (98.3%) of lead at 48h and the least (97.8%) at 24h. Effect of pH studied at pH 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, with pH 6 recording the highest lead removal of 99.0% while pH 3 recorded the least percentage biosorption. The effect of Temperature was studied at 25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 0 C, the highest percentage biosorption (99.3%) recorded at 55⁰C and the lowest 98.1%) was at both 35 and 45⁰C. Effect of biomass load was studied using different volumes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5ml) of the innoculum: generally the values obtained did not show variation with change in biomass load. Effect of agitation speed was studied at 2000, 2500, and 3000rpm; the highest lead removal was at 2000 rpm. Biosorption of heavy metals is an excellent technology and represents a potentially cost-effective way for heavy metal decontamination from the environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Physicochemical properties of powdered condiments of P. biglobosa fermented with and without mixed Bacillus species A and B as inocula and subjected under different drying conditions

Archives of Applied Science Research, 2014

Two kilograms of P.biglobosa seeds were purchased from Sabongari market Zaria, Kaduna state of Ni... more Two kilograms of P.biglobosa seeds were purchased from Sabongari market Zaria, Kaduna state of Nigeria. These seeds were transported to the laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria. P.biglobosa seeds were precleaned and processed for fermentation. Processed unfermented seeds of P.biglobosa (300g) were transferred in three earth pots lined with aluminum foil. Mixed Bacillus species (5%) (B.subtilis and B.pumilus) both standard and test strains were prepared as inocula and was calibrated using McFarland standard 7. Pot A was inoculated with standard strains of B.subtilis and B.pumilus (Bacillus spp A) while pot B was inoculated with test strains of B.subtilis and B.pumilus (Bacillus spp B), pot C was allowed to ferment without Bacillus species. Fermentation in all the earth pots was allowed to progress at room temperature (28±20C). It was observed that fermentation in earth pots with Bacillus species A and B fermented faster (48hrs) as compared to natural ...

Research paper thumbnail of Antifungal Activity Of Trimethyltinbenzoate-4-Picoline

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2001

Trimethyltlnbenzoate-4-picolinwe as screened for its antifungal activities against six fungi cons... more Trimethyltlnbenzoate-4-picolinwe as screened for its antifungal activities against six fungi consisting of four moulds, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus versicolor and two yeasts, Brettanomyces anomala, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from diseased grape plants (Vitis vinifera). A. niger and A. versicolor were inhibited by the compound at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, while A. flavus and S. cerevisiae required 1 mg/ml concentration. A, fumigatus and B. anomala required a higher concentration of 2.5 mg/ml for Inhibition. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for A. versicolor, A. niger, A. flavus, S, cerevisiae, A. fumigatus and B. anomala were found to be 0.4,0.45, 0.8,0.9,2.5 and 2.5 mg/ml, respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of rotavirus diarrhoea among children under five years in Kaduna state, Nigeria

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018

Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated ... more Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated with 20%-25% of diarrhoea cases in infants. Nigeria continues to be among the first five countries with greatest number of RV disease associated deaths per year. From September 2013-August 2014, 467 stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age in Kaduna State, Nigeria and analysed for RV antigen using ELISA. An overall RV prevalence of 31.0% (143/467) was obtained with the infection occurring throughout the study period. Children from Kachia LGA had the highest prevalence of 53.8% (28/52), while children from Kagarko LGA had the lowest prevalence of 21.0% (10/74). The difference was significant (P=0.019). Highest prevalence of RV was recorded in March (75.0%:3/4) and the least in July (11.5%:3/26) with significant difference (P=0.003). Female children had highest prevalence of 32.1% (79/246) compared to male children (29.9%:66/221) with a non-significance difference (P=0.530). Children within 25-36 months had the highest prevalence of 36.4% (28/77), while children 49-60 months had the lowest prevalence of 17.6% (6/34) with no significant difference (P=0.517). The difference observed was not significant (P=0.477). The result showed no significant difference between the presence of RV infection with vomiting, fever, dehydration (P>0.05). The study has revealed that rotavirus remains an important cause of acute diarrhoea in children under five years in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Hence the need for the implemention of the vaccines into the childhood immunization programme in the country.

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of Tolerance Potentials of Some Bacteria Species to Heavy Metals Isolated from Contaminated Gold Mining Soil in Abare, Zamfara State

Microbiology Research Journal International, 2019

This aim of this research was to determine the tolerance ability of Bacillus lentus, Bacillus fir... more This aim of this research was to determine the tolerance ability of Bacillus lentus, Bacillus firmus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The soil sample was analysed for it heavy metal content lead was found to be in abundance beyond tolerable limit followed by cupper. Several bacterial specie were also isolated and identified from the sample and some selected species were tested for their tolerance ability in different heavy metal concentration, It was recorded that pseudomonas aeruginosa was tolerant to lead (Pb) at 800 mgl-1 Bacillus lentus to cupper at 860 mgl -1 and Bacillus firmus to chromium at 1000mgl-1. It was concluded that despite the toxicity of some heavy metals some bacterial specie were still able to withstand the environment.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Two Commonly Used Commercial Immunochromatographic and ELISA Screening Kits for the Detection of Anti-HCV Antibodies among Patients in North Central Nigeria

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2014

Background: Hepatitis C Virus infection presents a major public health threat globally. The adven... more Background: Hepatitis C Virus infection presents a major public health threat globally. The advent of different immunoassays for the detection of specific markers for the diagnosis of the infection since the discovery of the virus is a positive development, but their varied degrees of sensitivity and specificity is a matter of public health concern. Aim: To evaluate the efficiency of two commercial rapid test kits for the detection of antiHCV antibodies against a third generation Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) used as a gold standard. Methodology: A total of 500 patient plasma samples screened by ELISA (Autobio Diagnostics, China) were subjected to further screening using two rapid test (immuno chromatographic) strips supplied by Global Diagnostics (USA) and Wondfo Biotech Diagnostic Products (China). Results: Of the 500 samples, anti HCV was detected in 79(15.80%) by ELISA, 59(11.80%) by Wondfo strip, whereas only 45(9.00%) by Global strip method. This gave Wondfo Kit a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 99.0%, overall accuracy of 95.2%, positive predictive value of 93.6%, negative predictive value of 95.4% positive likelihood

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of rotavirus among children under five years of age with diarrhea in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 2016

Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated ... more Rotavirus (RV) is a major etiological agent of acute infantile gastroenteritis and is associated with 20%-25% of diarrhea cases in infants. Nigeria continues to be among the first five countries with greatest number of RV disease associated deaths per year. The objective was to determine some demographic factors that might be associated with rotavirus diarrhea among children in Kaduna State. From September 2013-August 2014, 401 diarrheic stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age in Kaduna State, Nigeria and analyzed for RV antigen using ELISA. An overall RV prevalence of 32.2% (129/401) was obtained with the infection occurring throughout the study period. The infection was higher in males (33.0%:63/111) compared to females (31.4%:66/210). The highest burden was detected in children 25-36 months of age (37.3%:22/59). Highest prevalence was detected in children whose parents had primary education (35.8%:19/53) and those whose parents were civil servants (35.6%:36/101). There was no statistically significant association between breast feeding and RV infection (P> 0.05). The study has revealed that rotavirus remains an important cause of acute diarrhea in children under five years in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Hence the need to introduce the vaccines into the childhood immunization program in the country

Research paper thumbnail of Determination of the genetic marker of the mutagenized strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus cereus isolated from effluent of petroleum refinery

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2010

Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the effluent of the Kaduna refining... more Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from the effluent of the Kaduna refining and petrochemical company, using standard methods. These were UV-irradiated for 30mins and thereafter subjected to nitrous acid treatment. Determination of essential amino acids required by both parents and mutants for growth showed that the mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not require valine and histidine for growth. The mutational treatments resulted in a sense mutation with beneficial effects of increased petroleum degradation. The amino acids requirement for growth could thus be used as a genetic marker for organisms that are subjected to mutational treatments.