Hilmi S. Salem (Prof. Dr.) (original) (raw)

Hilmi S. Salem (Prof. Dr.)

Hilmi S. Salem: Objectives and Brief Resume
OBJECTIVES
 Presently, looking for new challenges to make significant contributions, with respect to leadership of development projects and programs; higher education; research and development (R&D); and consultancy at academic, industrial, governmental, and nongovernmental institutions, locally, nationally, regionally, and internationally.

BRIEF RESUME
 Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem has three university degrees (PhD, MSc, BSc) in natural sciences and engineering disciplines. As a Multi- and Inter-disciplinary Research Scientist, Academician, Educator, Consultant, Editor, Scholar, and Global Expert, Prof. Salem has worked at, and contributed to, academic, industrial, governmental, and nongovernmental institutions in the MENA and WANA (Middle East, North Africa, West Asia) regions, Canada, the USA, Europe, Australia, and Eastern Africa, as well as to UN’s organizations (such as WHO, UNEP, UNDP, UNESCO, and FAO) and other international institutions. Prof. Salem’s work interests and concerns include: • Environmental Science and Engineering (air-, water-, soil-, and noise-pollution, environment and health, environmental impact assessment, wastewater and solid-waste management, environmental justice, environmental policies and regulations) • Water Resources Management (hydrogeology, hydrology, hydrochemistry, hydrodynamics, fresh water (surface water and groundwater), wastewater) • Climate Change (climate science, impacts, reseliance, mitigation and adaptation mechanisms, policies) • Sustainable Development and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs) • Green Life (growth, economy, energy, building, sustainability) • Renewable Energy (renewable energies‘ resources and technologies, policies and regulations) • Fossil Energy (petroleum science and engineering, exploration, reservoir characterization, oil shale) • Geophysics and Geoengineering (applied geophysics, petrophysics, seismology, geotechnology) • Mining (minerals and metals, exploration, policies and regulations) • Natural and Anthropogenic Hazards and Risk Management (earthquakes, floods, sinkholes, droughts) • CIT (Communications and Information Tecchonolgy, Digitization) • Socioeconomics (society, economics, education, health, gender, politics, geopolitics, demography, human and civil rights, human values, social justice) • Advocacy; and • Decision-, Policy-, and Strategy-Making. Prof. Salem led institutions and projects, and coordinated programs in relation to the above-mentined areas. He also led and evaluated, scientifically, technically, and financially, several projects with high budgets. Dr. Salem has authored, co-authored, reviewed, and edited hundreds of publications, including papers published in peer-reviewed journals, chapters in books, books, atlases, technical reports, and presentations and key-note speeches given at several international conferences, as well as policy- and strategy-position papers. Prof. Salem’s published work has been relied on, cited, and referenced by thousands of research scientists, including approximately 160 Doctorate and Master students in various disciplines of engineering, natural sciences, and humanities at several distinguished universities, worldwide. Some of his published findings are currently used, for instance, in areas such as environment and health; green societies; geophyscis and petrophysics; water and environmental science and engineering; materials science and engineering; and theory and applications of nanotechnology. He was honored, by international organizations, prestigious awards on his contributions to the international scientific community in the fields of natural sciences, engineering, socioeconomics, geopolitics, human rights, the environment, health, and social justice; to sustainable development projects and programs; and to advancement of science and technology, locally, nationally, regionally, and internationally.

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Papers by Hilmi S. Salem (Prof. Dr.)

Research paper thumbnail of Latest Citations to Some of Hilmi S. Salem's Publications - 4 January 2025

Latest (Most Recent: March - December 2024; January 2025) Citations to Some of Hilmi S. Salem’s... more Latest (Most Recent: March - December 2024; January 2025) Citations to Some of
Hilmi S. Salem’s Publications (PhD, MSc, BSc – Prof. Dr.)

Cited by academicians, research scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students at universities, research institutions, and companies in the following countries:

Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United States of America (USA), Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Palestine, Turkey, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), India, Australia, Maldives, Mozambique, Philippines, Croatia, Oman, Malaysia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Iraq, Mexico, Nigeria, Brazil, Algeria, Egypt, Czech Republic, Jordan, Portugal, Norway, Ghana, United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Austria, Thailand, Indonesia, Italy, Botswana, South Africa, Canada, Russia

A few Examples of Hilmi S. Salem’s Published Research in: Civil, Environmental, and Petroleum Engineering; Aquifer and Reservoir Characterization; Renewable (Solar and Wind Energies and Technologies); Industrial Air Pollution; Water Strategies and Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus; Agriculture and Irrigation; Sustainable Water Resources’ Management (Fresh Water and wastewater), Energy Efficiency; Women, Water, Agriculture, and Development, Particularly in Rural Areas; Drought, Pest Management, Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology; Climate Change Impacts, and Mitigation and Adaptation Mechanisms; Carbon and Ecological Footprints; Mining; Cancer, Medical, and Health Research; Computer and Machine Learning; Conflicts and International Law; Sustainable Development; and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).

Research paper thumbnail of Possible Public Health Effects Resulting from Exposure to Air Pollution of Particulate Matter Generated from Limestone Industry

ZEUGMA BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 2024

FOR CITATION: SALEM H (January 1, 2024) Possible Public Health Effects Resulting from Exposure to... more FOR CITATION: SALEM H (January 1, 2024) Possible Public Health Effects Resulting from Exposure to Air Pollution of Particulate Matter Generated from Limestone Industry. Zeugma Biological Science 5(1):21–43. DOI: 10.55549/zbs.1406526. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377690783_Possible_Public_Health_Effects_Resulting_from_Exposure_to_Air_Pollution_of_Particulate_Matter_Generated_from_Limestone_Industry. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: Air pollution is a catastrophic problem that affects the lives of people all over the world. This includes the diverse impacts of air pollution on public health, the environment, and ecosystems in general, including the biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. This paper addresses the issue of air pollution in the West Bank, Historic Palestine, and specifically discusses the potential effects of air pollution on the public health of Palestinian communities in the areas of research, and provides the necessary recommendations to reduce those effects. ABSTRACT: The Limestone Industry (LSI) in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), erroneously known as the “Stone and Marble Industry (SMI)”, is a highly lucrative industry, contributing about 25% of the total Palestinian industrial revenues, and about 4.5% of the Gross National Product (GNP). However, although this industry is rewarding to Palestinians in the OPT, in terms of socioeconomics, employment, culture, and heritage, it comes with heavy burdens on the environment and public health. Long-term exposure to air pollution from particulate matter (PMs), generated particularly by LSI, increases the risk of many diseases and problems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, cancers, pregnancy problems, and newborn defects. This paper investigates the effects of LSI on public health in the OPT, by analyzing PMs measurements of different particulate sizes (1.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 10.0 μg/m3) emitted by LSI. The PMs measurements are compared with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines. It has been found that fine PMs, which fly into the air and settle in slurry waste (wet and dry) and dumped in open areas, cause high levels of pollution to the air, water, soil, and green cover, leading to damages of citizens’ health, especially those citizens who are living within the LSI’s proximities. More research is needed to further clarify the direct effects of LSI on public health, the environment, green cover, water systems and, in general, quality of life. Population should also exert more pressures on those in charge and the LSI’s owners to make them abide with, and ensure that, the maximum levels of various pollutants recommended by WHO are not violated. KEYWORDS: Limestone industry; Particulate matter; Air pollution’s impacts on public health; Occupied Palestinian Territories.

Research paper thumbnail of Some Examples of the Reviewing Certificates Awarded to Hilmi S. Salem in 2023/2024 -- Updated: 18 November 2024

This document (a PDF file) includes a few examples of the certificated awarded to Hilmi S. Salem ... more This document (a PDF file) includes a few examples of the certificated awarded to Hilmi S. Salem lately in 2023/2024 in appreciation and recognition of his critical reviews of some scientific, technical, and medical papers submitted to and later published in well-refereed, peer-reviewed, and widely-read journals.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of agricultural extension on technology adoption by Palestinian farmers under Israeli occupation in the West Bank.

PLOS ONE, 2023

Six (6) published works of mine (Hilmi S. Salem) are cited and reference in this recently publish... more Six (6) published works of mine (Hilmi S. Salem) are cited and reference in this recently published paper:

Effect of agricultural extension on technology adoption by Palestinian farmers under Israeli occupation in the West Bank. By Nakamura Tomoki, Kashiwagi Kenichi, Ujiie Kiyokazu. Plos ONE, November 8, 2023
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294023

Research paper thumbnail of Harnessing the energy transition from total dependence on fossil to renewable energy in the Arabian Gulf region, considering population, climate change impacts, ecological and carbon footprints, and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Earth Reviews

The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environm... more The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environmental impacts in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, in relation to population, climate change impacts, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs), and ecological and carbon footprints. The GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are almost entirely dependent on fossil energy sources (oil and natural gas) domestically, industrially, commercially, economically, and transportation-wise. Although the total population of the GCC countries is around 60 million, making up only 0.76% of the world’s population (8 billion), they do consume 5.15 million barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil, forming nearly 5.8% of the world’s daily consumption, which is around 88.4 million bbl/d as of 2021. Moreover, daily per capita consumption of oil in the GCC countries is about 0.09 barrels, while it is about 0.06 barrels in the USA. These figur...

Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater in agriculture in some Arab countries, including occupied Palestine, in view of climate change

Natural Resources Conservation and Research

The increase in water stress and shortage, facing many countries around the world, is one of the ... more The increase in water stress and shortage, facing many countries around the world, is one of the main difficulties confronting practical progress and sustainable development and management. Accordingly, managing the water assets of many countries around the world is nowadays a big challenge due to immense difficulties and vulnerabilities, including rapid industrialization and urbanization processes, population growth, geopolitical instability, and the effects of environmental changes, namely global warming and climate change. Because of global fresh waters scarcity and shortage, the demand for using non-conventional water resources, such as reusing treated wastewater for irrigation and industrial purposes, has become a nessitiy. However, the reuse of effluents for agricultural irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Moreover, improper management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can a...

Research paper thumbnail of Harnessing the Energy Transition from Total Dependence on Fossil to Renewable Energy in the Arabian Gulf Region, Considering Population, Climate Change Impacts, Ecological and Carbon Footprints, and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Earth Reviews, 2023

FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S., Pudza, M.Y., and Yihdego, Y. (2023). Harnessing the Energy Transition ... more FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S., Pudza, M.Y., and Yihdego, Y. (2023). Harnessing the Energy Transition from Total Dependence on Fossil to Renewable Energy in the Arabian Gulf Region, Considering Population, Climate Change Impacts, Ecological and Carbon Footprints, and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable Earth Reviews (Published online on 13 September 2023, by Springer, Germany). 6(10): 26 Pages. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00057-4 https://sustainableearthreviews.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42055-023-00057-4 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373679614_Harnessing_the_Energy_Transition_from_Total_Dependence_on_Fossil_to_Renewable_Energy_in_the_Arabian_Gulf_Region_Considering_Population_Climate_Change_Impacts_Ecological_and_Carbon_Footprints_and_Unite ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environmental impacts in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, in relation to population, climate change impacts, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs), and ecological and carbon footprints. The GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are almost entirely dependent on fossil energy sources (oil and natural gas) domestically, industrially, commercially, economically, and transportation-wise. Although the total population of the GCC countries is around 60 million, making up only 0.76% of the world’s population (8 billion), they do consume 5.15 million barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil, forming nearly 5.8% of the world’s daily consumption, which is around 88.4 million bbl/d as of 2021. Moreover, daily per capita consumption of oil in the GCC countries is about 0.09 barrels, while it is about 0.06 barrels in the USA. These figures indicate that the GCC’s countries combined and per capita, although not industrialized and small in population, consume large quantities of oil, compared to other countries of the world that are industrialized and/or densely populated, such as the USA, India, Japan, Russia, and Germany. The high rates of oil consumption in the GCC countries, associated with the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints worldwide, have led to negative impacts on the environment, climate, and public health. The results of this work show that some of the GCC countries have the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints. Thus, the GCC countries should effectively reduce their dependence on fossil energy sources and gradually replace them with renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic (PV) solar energy. Furthermore, the statistics presented in this article and the outcomes reached uncover that the GCC countries lag behind with regard to various indicators of the UN’s SDGs. This implies the GCC countries are not taking adequate actions to encounter environmental problems, in order to fulfill some of the UN’s SDGs by 2030. KEYWORDS: GCC Countries, Population, Fossil energy production and consumption, Green energy, Ecological and carbon footprints, Decarbonization and energy strategies, Climate change impacts and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs)

Research paper thumbnail of Samples of the Projects and Other Related Activities Carried out by Hilmi S. Salem During 2007-2023

As related to sustainability, natural resources, and human well-being, regarding the four pillars... more As related to sustainability, natural resources, and human well-being, regarding the four pillars of sustainability (human, economy, society, and the environment), these are the areas of interest of Hilmi S. Salem: Sustainable development's priorities and challenges; population growth; well-being of the environment, ecosystems, and natural resources; land use and urbanization; agriculture, irrigation, food security, and water-energy-food (WEF) Nexus; economy; solid and fluid waste management; air, water, and soil quality (pollution); qualitative and quantitative water resources management; renewable (green) energy sources; transportation; education; health; gender and youth; migration; democracy; social and environmental justice; human rights; equality; ethics and morality; viability; risk management of natural disasters; policy-and strategy-making; media; infrastructure; corruption combating; and developing and implementing environmental strategies and action plans to ensure sustainability in view of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Global Recognitions of Hilmi S. Salem's Achievements, Briefly:  Currently, approximately 260,000 professionals (academicians, senior scientists, CEOs, project leaders, university professors, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, and Doctorate and Master Students have visited the Web-pages of Hilmi S. Salem at ResearchGate.Net and Academia.Edu.  Currently, Dr. Hilmi S. Salem's research has received about 2,000 citations worldwide, appeared in approximately 430 scientific journals, 100 books, and more than 250 Doctoral Dissertations and Master Theses.  Currently, ResearchGate.Net states: "Your [Hilmi S. Salem's] Research Interest Score is higher than 95% of ResearchGate's members, indicating your research significant impacts, worldwide."  Currently, Dr. Hilmi S. Salem is ranked in the top 1% class amongst about 220 million scientists worldwide, according to the international platform for scientists: Academia.Edu.  Following are some selected examples of Hilmi S. Salem's achievements during the years 2007-2023.

Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater in agriculture in some Arab countries, including occupied Palestine, in view of climate change

Natural Resources Conservation and Research, 2023

FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing tr... more FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater in agriculture in some Arab countries, including occupied Palestine, in view of climate change. Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Volume 6, Issue 2. 22 Pages. “A special Issue: Climate-Adaptive Approaches to Risk Monitoring and Sustainable Water Resources Management." (Published online: 29 August 2023), EnPress Publisher, El Monte, CA, USA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v6i2.2229
https://systems.enpress-publisher.com/index.php/NRCR/article/view/2229
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372317053_Socioeconomic_environmental_and_health_impacts_of_reusing_treated_wastewater_in_agriculture_in_some_Arab_countries_including_occupied_Palestine_in_view_of_climate_change

ABSTRACT: The increase in water stress and shortage, facing many countries around the world, is one of the main difficulties confronting practical progress and sustainable development and management. Accordingly, managing the water assets of many countries around the world is nowadays a big challenge due to immense difficulties and vulnerabilities, including rapid industrialization and urbanization processes, population growth, geopolitical instability, and the effects of environmental changes, namely global warming and climate change. Because of global fresh waters scarcity and shortage, the demand for using non-conventional water resources, such as reusing treated wastewater for irrigation and industrial purposes, has become a nessitiy. However, the reuse of effluents for agricultural irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Moreover, improper management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can also cause problems for plant production and soils’ physical and chemical properties. This paper investigates the status of freshwater and wastewater in view of climate change, and socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation in the Arab region, with the focus on the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), as an example. The paper concludes that: 1) Approximately 13.2 billion cubic meters (BCM) of wastewater is yearly produced in the Arab countries, of which 5.7 BCM (43.2%) is treated and 7.5 MCM (56.8%) is untreated and dumped in open environments; 2) Regarding the OPT, where more than 87% of its fresh water resources are controlled and forcefully taken by the Israeli occupation authorities, Palestinians discharge large amounts of untreated wastewater into open lands (as in the case of the occupied West Bank) and in the Mediterranean Sea (as in the case of occupied and besieged Gaza Strip); and 3) The reused portion of treated wastewater in the OPT is close to zero. Keywords: water shortage and scarcity; wastewater treatment and reuse; agriculture and irrigation; climate change impacts; Arab region, including the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT).

Research paper thumbnail of Hilmi S. Salem Interviewed by Turkish Media on Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: The West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Ayrimcilik Hatti, 2023

Date of Publication: Thursday – 4 May 2023 FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Dr. Hilmi S. Salem'... more Date of Publication: Thursday – 4 May 2023
FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Dr. Hilmi S. Salem's Interview with Turkish Media on Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Ayrimcilik Hatti, 4 May 2023.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370497949_Dr_Hilmi_S_Salem's_Interview_with_Turkish_Media_on_Water_Status_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territories
This is an interview conducted with Dr. Hilmi S. Salem with by Turkish media on the Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT): The West Bank and the Gaza Strip: Israel Uses Water and Basic Food to Oppress Palestinians

ABSTRACT: This is an interview conducted with Dr. Hilmi S. Salem with by Turkish media on the Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT): The West Bank and the Gaza Strip: Israel Uses Water and Basic Food to Oppress Palestinians. Israel uses water and basic food to oppress Palestinians: "As a result of Israel's use of water as a policy of pressure, many Palestinians suffer from water shortages. While Palestinian citizens struggle with thirst, Israel provides 24/7 drinking water to its own people in the same region."

Research paper thumbnail of A BOOK: Enhancing Water Security In The Middle East (Please find the full book posted at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370489978_A_BOOK_ENHANCING_WATER_SECURITY_IN_THE_MIDDLE_EAST ). See Hilmi S. Salem's Chapter on Water Conflict

Al Sharq Forum, Istanboul, Turkey; and Colorado School of mines, Denver CO, USA, 2023

FOR CITATION: Hussein A. Amery (Ed.): (2023): "Enhancing Water Security in the Middle East”. MENA... more FOR CITATION: Hussein A. Amery (Ed.): (2023): "Enhancing Water Security in the Middle East”. MENA Water Security Task Force, Al-Sharq Strategic Research, Al-Sharq Forum, Istanbul, Turkey; and Colorado School of Mines, Denver, CO, USA. 269 Pages. Published on 20 March 2023. https://research.sharqforum.org/mena-water-security-task-force/ ABSTRACT: For several reasons, water security is one of the most critical nonconventional security threats in the MENA region. Firstly, the region is characterized by high water scarcity, with many countries being among the most water-stressed in the world. According to the World Resources Institute, 17 of the 20 countries with the lowest water availability per capita are in the MENA region. Secondly, rapid population growth is straining the already limited water resources in the MENA region. The region’s population is projected to increase by around 50% by 2050. This, along with improving quality of life and the concurrent rising consumption of water-intensive protein diets, will aggravate water scarcity. Thirdly, the region is experiencing increasing droughts and extreme weather events, reducing freshwater availability and exacerbating water scarcity. Climate change is projected to decrease precipitation and increase evaporation in the region, reducing the availability of water resources and increasing the risk of droughts. According to the United Nations, the region has the world’s lowest water resources per capita, with less than 500 cubic meters per person per year. In some countries, such as Oman and Saudi Arabia, the figure is as low as 100 cubic meters per person per year. The World Bank estimates that the MENA region’s economic cost of water scarcity could reach 14% of GDP by 2050. These statistics show that water security is a vital issue in the MENA region and needs to be urgently addressed. The region needs to improve water management and address the underlying causes of water scarcity, such as over-extraction of groundwater, inefficient irrigation practices, and lack of investment in water infrastructure. In light of our experience, it was of the utmost importance to us that a group of researchers from the MENA region undertake this current endeavor. Therefore, our primary challenge was to identify and secure the leadership of a senior expert to guide our efforts. This edited volume presents an examination of the MENA region’s water challenges, and it attempts to pay greater attention to opportunities related to enhancing water security. With this approach in mind, the
Nile River basin is analyzed by Dr. Mohammed Mahmoud, the Euphrates and Tiger basins are examined by Dr. Neda Zawahri, Dr. Mohammad Al-Saidi addresses the issue of desalination in the Arab Gulf countries, and Dr. Hilmi S. Salem explores potential solutions for the water conflict between Palestinians and Israelis. Finally, a cross-regional chapter by Dr. Marwa Daoudy provides a broad human security framework for this volume. Water challenges in the Middle East and North Africa are too numerous to capture in one body of research. Dr. Amery provides an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the wide range
of possible approaches for enhancing water security. Throughout our collaboration, we also discussed examining water insecurity in other parts of the region, such as Morocco, Iran, and Yemen. In conclusion, we hope the insights and perspectives presented in this book will inspire further research and analysis on the themes discussed and contribute to a deeper understanding of the Middle East and North Africa security landscape. Through our research and discussions, we have highlighted the importance of addressing non-conventional security threats, such as the environment, climate change, and the water-food-energy nexus, and the potential for collaboration and innovative solutions to address these challenges. We encourage our colleagues in academia and think tanks to continue this important work and build on the foundation laid by this volume.

Research paper thumbnail of Dr. Hilmi S. Salem List of Professional Affiliations

Hilmi S. Salem's List of Affiliations, 2023

Memberships in many professional, academic, and societal societies, associations, foundations, un... more Memberships in many professional, academic, and societal societies, associations, foundations, unions, boards, periodicals, etc., dealing with natural sciences, engineering, socioeconomics, legality, and other fields, as well as policy-and strategy-making, some of which are United Nations' (UN) members, and many of them concerned with research and development, academia and scholars, sustainability, the environment, water, climate change, renewable energy, and fossil energy, including the following (given alphabetically):

Research paper thumbnail of Difficulties, Problems, Limitations, Challenges, and Corruption Facing Cancer Patients in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: The West Bank, Including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip

Med Discoveries, 2023

This research was conducted in relation to the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territor... more This research was conducted in relation to the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT): The West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, with a total population of about 5.4 million and an area of about 6,000 km 2. The mortality rate from several types of cancer was 14% in 2016, representing the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases which account for 30.6% of all causes of death in the OPT. Cancer mortality in the OPT increased by 136% from 2000 to 2016, and by 14% from 2016 to 2020. In addition to other types of cancer in the OPT, its main types are lung (highest in males), breast (highest in females), colorectal (highest in both sexes), and leukemia (highest in adolescents and children). This research paper explains, clearly, honestly, and bravely, in analytical scientific manner, the difficulties, problems, limitations, and challenges facing Palestinian cancer patients in the OPT. It also objectively connects these challenges with the ongoing corruption practices that, negatively, influence cancer patients' access to treatment in a timely manner; thus could influence their survival opportunities. The paper recommends that the OPT's cancer patients should be treated well, comfortably, humanely, physically, and financially, with due respect for freedom and ease of movement, and without limitations and corruption.

[Research paper thumbnail of Some Selected Examples of Letters Inviting Hilmi S. Salem to Contribute to Relevant Peer-Reviewed, Widely-Read Referenced Journals, International Conferences, and Other Events (During January, February, March, and April 2023) [Updated Upon Data Availability](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101013874/thumbnails/1.jpg)

These invitations are sent to Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem to contribute to international journals, c... more These invitations are sent to Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem to contribute to international journals, conferences, and other events, in relation to medicine, environment, water, energy, climate change, sustainability, and many other fields as well.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential Solutions for the Water Conflict Between Palestinians and Israelis. Posted at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367190828_Chapter_4_Potential_Solutions_for_the_Water_Conflict_Between_Palestinians_and_Israelis

Strategic Research Forum, Istanbul, Turkey, 2023

FOR CITATION: SALEM, Hilmi S. 2023. Potential Solutions for the Water Conflict between Palestinia... more FOR CITATION: SALEM, Hilmi S. 2023. Potential Solutions for the Water Conflict between Palestinians and Israelis. A Book Chapter (PP: 123–185) In: Hussein Amery (Ed.),“Enhancing Water Security in the Middle East”. MENA Water Security Task Force, Al Sharq Strategic Research, Al Sharq Forum, Istanbul, Turkey; and Colorado School of Mines, Denver, CO, USA. Published on 20 March 2023. https://research.sharqforum.org/mena-water-security-task-force/ and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367190828_Chapter_4_Potential_Solutions_for_the_Water_Conflict_Between_Palestinians_and_Israelis ABSTRACT: The Palestinian people’s thirst is not only for their freedom, but also water, as they are deprived of their own water resources. Denying Palestinians their basic rights to water is part of Israel’s 75-year-old (since 1948) repression against them in their homeland of Historic Palestine, which includes the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), comprised of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. The OPT has a total area of about 6,000 km2 (forming approximately 22% of Historic Palestine (27,000 km2) and a total population of around 5.4 million (3.2 million in the West Bank, and 2.2 million in the Gaza Strip). The Palestinians in the OPT currently have very little water to use for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes, especially in light of the impacts of population growth and climate change. This study presents potential hydro-solutions to mitigate and solve water problems between the two conflicting parties – the Palestinians and the Israelis. These proposed hydro-solutions can be briefly summarized as: 1) The Palestinian people in the OPT should obtain their full rights in their transboundary renewable surface water and groundwater resources in the Jordan River System; Lake Tiberias (Sea of Galilee); Dead Sea Basin (DSB); Mountain Aquifer System and its subsystems (Western, North-eastern, and Eastern); water springs; and dams to be built in the OPT to harvest rainwater without restrictions from the Israeli occupation authorities; 2) All these water resources must be subject to the “principles of international law,” based on “fair and reasonable use” and “limited sovereignty,” taking into account equality, equity, justice, population growth, climate change impacts, and sustainability; 3) Based on the Palestinian and Israeli populations, the Palestinians should receive about 810 MCM/yr, instead of the 265 MCM allotted to them annually, and the Israelis should receive about 1,455 MCM/yr, instead of the 2,000 MCM/yr that they currently consume. The annual per capita consumption of Palestinians and Israelis should be around 150 m3/yr, instead of the 88 m3/yr and the 214 m3/yr, which are currently consumed by the Palestinians and Israelis, respectively; and 4) An international-Palestinian-Israeli joint management structure must be agreed upon to address monitoring and compliance with water quotas, and to ensure the protection of all water resources, the environment, biodiversity, and ecosystems in Historic Palestine.

Research paper thumbnail of Cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: types; incidence; mortality; sex, age, and geography distribution; and possible causes

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2022

Cancer is a disease in which some cells of the body grow uncontrollably and occasionally spread t... more Cancer is a disease in which some cells of the body grow uncontrollably and occasionally spread to other parts of the body. With a group of more than 100 different types, cancer can start almost anywhere in the body. Defective cells may form a mass called a tumor which can be cancerous (malignant), which grows and spreads to other parts of the body, or benign that can grow but not spread throughout the body. In 2021, more than 10 million people died of cancer worldwide (1 out of 6 deaths). This paper has thoroughly investigated the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), in terms of its various types; incidence; mortality; sex, age, and geography distribution; and potential causes. In the OPT, with a population of 5.35 million, cancer mortality was 14% in 2016, being the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases accounting 30.6% of all causes of death. Cancer mortality in the OPT increased by 136% from 2000 to 2016, and by 14% from 2016 to 2020. In addition to other types of cancer in the OPT, its main types are lung (highest in males), breast (highest in females), colorectal (highest in both sexes), and leukemia (highest in children). The high rates of different types of cancer in the OPT can be attributed to various causes, including those related to environmental pollution, nutrition, stress, and lifestyle factors (smoking, lack of activity, increased dependence on technologies, etc.), whereas only 10-30% of cancer cases are attributed to genetics.

Research paper thumbnail of Hilmi S. Salem Paper on Cancer Research

Research paper thumbnail of Water strategies and water-food Nexus: challenges and opportunities towards sustainable development in various regions of the World

Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2022

Abstract The twenty-first century is witnessing an explosion in global population, environmental ... more Abstract The twenty-first century is witnessing an explosion in global population, environmental changes, agricultural land disintegration, hunger, and geopolitical instabilities. It is difficult to manage these conditions or standardize improvement systems without thinking of the three main elements or subsystems that are necessary for any meaningful development—namely water (W), energy (E), and food (F). These key elements form what is globally agreed upon as the “WEF Nexus.” While considering them, one should think about the other key factors that influence WEF Nexus, including population’s growth, impacts of environmental changes (including climate change), moderation and adaptation regimes to climate change and climate resilience, loss of biodiversity, and sustainable nature. Together, the WEF Nexus subsystems represent a framework to ensure environmental protection that should be seen as an ethical and socioeconomic obligation. Issues, such as protection of water resources, and strategies and management tools or mechanisms for the use of water assets and agricultural innovations under the obligations of sustainable use, are investigated in this paper. Attention is paid to the relationship between water and food (WF Nexus) or water for food security in various world regions, including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Central Asia countries and the Caucasus, China, Africa, and Canada. This paper also presents analyses of a great number of up-to-date publications regarding the “Nexus” perspective and its applications and limitations. This paper suggests that the Nexus’ approach, in its different concepts (WEF, WE, WF and EF), can promote sustainable development and improve the quality of life of communities, while preserving natural, human, and social capital, addressing sustainability challenges, and protecting natural resources and the environment for long-term use. Keywords Water, water efficiency, water strategies, water security, and water infrastructure · Water as a human right · Agriculture and food · Climate change · Water–food Nexus (WF Nexus). FOR CITATIONS: Salem, H.S, Pudza, M.Y., and Yihdego, Y. (2022). Water strategies and water–food Nexus: Challenges and opportunities towards sustainable development in various regions of the world. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8:114, 54p. (Published by Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00676-3 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361972621_Water_strategies_and_water-food_Nexus_challenges_and_opportunities_towards_sustainable_development_in_various_regions_of_the_World

Research paper thumbnail of Disciplines of Visitors to Hilmi S. Salem's Webpage on Research Gate (Updated: 1 December 2024)

Disciplines of Scholars, Experts, academicians, Research Scientists, Postgraduate Students, Execu... more Disciplines of Scholars, Experts, academicians, Research Scientists, Postgraduate Students, Executive Officers, Consultants, and Others who visited the Webpage of Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem on ResearchGate.Net (Disciplines Given Alphabetically).

Research paper thumbnail of The Situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Terrorism or Resistance and Its Consequences

FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. 2009. The situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Terrorism... more FOR CITATION:
Salem, H.S. 2009. The situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Terrorism or resistance and its consequences. A paper presented at The International Conference on Transitional Justice: A Solution against Terrorism in Occupied Territories, The Mediterranean Programme of the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute (UUI): The 9th Mediterranean Research Meeting, Florence and Motecatini Terme, Italy, March 25–28, 2009.

ABSTRACT:
This paper examines the issue of 'terrorism' in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), its consequences for the Palestinian and Israeli societies, and the reasons behind it and for its persistence and growth.

Research paper thumbnail of Latest Citations to Some of Hilmi S. Salem's Publications - 4 January 2025

Latest (Most Recent: March - December 2024; January 2025) Citations to Some of Hilmi S. Salem’s... more Latest (Most Recent: March - December 2024; January 2025) Citations to Some of
Hilmi S. Salem’s Publications (PhD, MSc, BSc – Prof. Dr.)

Cited by academicians, research scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students at universities, research institutions, and companies in the following countries:

Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, United States of America (USA), Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, China, Palestine, Turkey, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), India, Australia, Maldives, Mozambique, Philippines, Croatia, Oman, Malaysia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Iraq, Mexico, Nigeria, Brazil, Algeria, Egypt, Czech Republic, Jordan, Portugal, Norway, Ghana, United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Austria, Thailand, Indonesia, Italy, Botswana, South Africa, Canada, Russia

A few Examples of Hilmi S. Salem’s Published Research in: Civil, Environmental, and Petroleum Engineering; Aquifer and Reservoir Characterization; Renewable (Solar and Wind Energies and Technologies); Industrial Air Pollution; Water Strategies and Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus; Agriculture and Irrigation; Sustainable Water Resources’ Management (Fresh Water and wastewater), Energy Efficiency; Women, Water, Agriculture, and Development, Particularly in Rural Areas; Drought, Pest Management, Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology; Climate Change Impacts, and Mitigation and Adaptation Mechanisms; Carbon and Ecological Footprints; Mining; Cancer, Medical, and Health Research; Computer and Machine Learning; Conflicts and International Law; Sustainable Development; and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs).

Research paper thumbnail of Possible Public Health Effects Resulting from Exposure to Air Pollution of Particulate Matter Generated from Limestone Industry

ZEUGMA BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 2024

FOR CITATION: SALEM H (January 1, 2024) Possible Public Health Effects Resulting from Exposure to... more FOR CITATION: SALEM H (January 1, 2024) Possible Public Health Effects Resulting from Exposure to Air Pollution of Particulate Matter Generated from Limestone Industry. Zeugma Biological Science 5(1):21–43. DOI: 10.55549/zbs.1406526. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377690783_Possible_Public_Health_Effects_Resulting_from_Exposure_to_Air_Pollution_of_Particulate_Matter_Generated_from_Limestone_Industry. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: Air pollution is a catastrophic problem that affects the lives of people all over the world. This includes the diverse impacts of air pollution on public health, the environment, and ecosystems in general, including the biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. This paper addresses the issue of air pollution in the West Bank, Historic Palestine, and specifically discusses the potential effects of air pollution on the public health of Palestinian communities in the areas of research, and provides the necessary recommendations to reduce those effects. ABSTRACT: The Limestone Industry (LSI) in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), erroneously known as the “Stone and Marble Industry (SMI)”, is a highly lucrative industry, contributing about 25% of the total Palestinian industrial revenues, and about 4.5% of the Gross National Product (GNP). However, although this industry is rewarding to Palestinians in the OPT, in terms of socioeconomics, employment, culture, and heritage, it comes with heavy burdens on the environment and public health. Long-term exposure to air pollution from particulate matter (PMs), generated particularly by LSI, increases the risk of many diseases and problems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, cancers, pregnancy problems, and newborn defects. This paper investigates the effects of LSI on public health in the OPT, by analyzing PMs measurements of different particulate sizes (1.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 10.0 μg/m3) emitted by LSI. The PMs measurements are compared with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guidelines. It has been found that fine PMs, which fly into the air and settle in slurry waste (wet and dry) and dumped in open areas, cause high levels of pollution to the air, water, soil, and green cover, leading to damages of citizens’ health, especially those citizens who are living within the LSI’s proximities. More research is needed to further clarify the direct effects of LSI on public health, the environment, green cover, water systems and, in general, quality of life. Population should also exert more pressures on those in charge and the LSI’s owners to make them abide with, and ensure that, the maximum levels of various pollutants recommended by WHO are not violated. KEYWORDS: Limestone industry; Particulate matter; Air pollution’s impacts on public health; Occupied Palestinian Territories.

Research paper thumbnail of Some Examples of the Reviewing Certificates Awarded to Hilmi S. Salem in 2023/2024 -- Updated: 18 November 2024

This document (a PDF file) includes a few examples of the certificated awarded to Hilmi S. Salem ... more This document (a PDF file) includes a few examples of the certificated awarded to Hilmi S. Salem lately in 2023/2024 in appreciation and recognition of his critical reviews of some scientific, technical, and medical papers submitted to and later published in well-refereed, peer-reviewed, and widely-read journals.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of agricultural extension on technology adoption by Palestinian farmers under Israeli occupation in the West Bank.

PLOS ONE, 2023

Six (6) published works of mine (Hilmi S. Salem) are cited and reference in this recently publish... more Six (6) published works of mine (Hilmi S. Salem) are cited and reference in this recently published paper:

Effect of agricultural extension on technology adoption by Palestinian farmers under Israeli occupation in the West Bank. By Nakamura Tomoki, Kashiwagi Kenichi, Ujiie Kiyokazu. Plos ONE, November 8, 2023
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294023

Research paper thumbnail of Harnessing the energy transition from total dependence on fossil to renewable energy in the Arabian Gulf region, considering population, climate change impacts, ecological and carbon footprints, and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Earth Reviews

The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environm... more The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environmental impacts in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, in relation to population, climate change impacts, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs), and ecological and carbon footprints. The GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are almost entirely dependent on fossil energy sources (oil and natural gas) domestically, industrially, commercially, economically, and transportation-wise. Although the total population of the GCC countries is around 60 million, making up only 0.76% of the world’s population (8 billion), they do consume 5.15 million barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil, forming nearly 5.8% of the world’s daily consumption, which is around 88.4 million bbl/d as of 2021. Moreover, daily per capita consumption of oil in the GCC countries is about 0.09 barrels, while it is about 0.06 barrels in the USA. These figur...

Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater in agriculture in some Arab countries, including occupied Palestine, in view of climate change

Natural Resources Conservation and Research

The increase in water stress and shortage, facing many countries around the world, is one of the ... more The increase in water stress and shortage, facing many countries around the world, is one of the main difficulties confronting practical progress and sustainable development and management. Accordingly, managing the water assets of many countries around the world is nowadays a big challenge due to immense difficulties and vulnerabilities, including rapid industrialization and urbanization processes, population growth, geopolitical instability, and the effects of environmental changes, namely global warming and climate change. Because of global fresh waters scarcity and shortage, the demand for using non-conventional water resources, such as reusing treated wastewater for irrigation and industrial purposes, has become a nessitiy. However, the reuse of effluents for agricultural irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Moreover, improper management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can a...

Research paper thumbnail of Harnessing the Energy Transition from Total Dependence on Fossil to Renewable Energy in the Arabian Gulf Region, Considering Population, Climate Change Impacts, Ecological and Carbon Footprints, and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals

Sustainable Earth Reviews, 2023

FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S., Pudza, M.Y., and Yihdego, Y. (2023). Harnessing the Energy Transition ... more FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S., Pudza, M.Y., and Yihdego, Y. (2023). Harnessing the Energy Transition from Total Dependence on Fossil to Renewable Energy in the Arabian Gulf Region, Considering Population, Climate Change Impacts, Ecological and Carbon Footprints, and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable Earth Reviews (Published online on 13 September 2023, by Springer, Germany). 6(10): 26 Pages. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00057-4 https://sustainableearthreviews.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s42055-023-00057-4 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373679614_Harnessing_the_Energy_Transition_from_Total_Dependence_on_Fossil_to_Renewable_Energy_in_the_Arabian_Gulf_Region_Considering_Population_Climate_Change_Impacts_Ecological_and_Carbon_Footprints_and_Unite ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environmental impacts in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, in relation to population, climate change impacts, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs), and ecological and carbon footprints. The GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are almost entirely dependent on fossil energy sources (oil and natural gas) domestically, industrially, commercially, economically, and transportation-wise. Although the total population of the GCC countries is around 60 million, making up only 0.76% of the world’s population (8 billion), they do consume 5.15 million barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil, forming nearly 5.8% of the world’s daily consumption, which is around 88.4 million bbl/d as of 2021. Moreover, daily per capita consumption of oil in the GCC countries is about 0.09 barrels, while it is about 0.06 barrels in the USA. These figures indicate that the GCC’s countries combined and per capita, although not industrialized and small in population, consume large quantities of oil, compared to other countries of the world that are industrialized and/or densely populated, such as the USA, India, Japan, Russia, and Germany. The high rates of oil consumption in the GCC countries, associated with the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints worldwide, have led to negative impacts on the environment, climate, and public health. The results of this work show that some of the GCC countries have the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints. Thus, the GCC countries should effectively reduce their dependence on fossil energy sources and gradually replace them with renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic (PV) solar energy. Furthermore, the statistics presented in this article and the outcomes reached uncover that the GCC countries lag behind with regard to various indicators of the UN’s SDGs. This implies the GCC countries are not taking adequate actions to encounter environmental problems, in order to fulfill some of the UN’s SDGs by 2030. KEYWORDS: GCC Countries, Population, Fossil energy production and consumption, Green energy, Ecological and carbon footprints, Decarbonization and energy strategies, Climate change impacts and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs)

Research paper thumbnail of Samples of the Projects and Other Related Activities Carried out by Hilmi S. Salem During 2007-2023

As related to sustainability, natural resources, and human well-being, regarding the four pillars... more As related to sustainability, natural resources, and human well-being, regarding the four pillars of sustainability (human, economy, society, and the environment), these are the areas of interest of Hilmi S. Salem: Sustainable development's priorities and challenges; population growth; well-being of the environment, ecosystems, and natural resources; land use and urbanization; agriculture, irrigation, food security, and water-energy-food (WEF) Nexus; economy; solid and fluid waste management; air, water, and soil quality (pollution); qualitative and quantitative water resources management; renewable (green) energy sources; transportation; education; health; gender and youth; migration; democracy; social and environmental justice; human rights; equality; ethics and morality; viability; risk management of natural disasters; policy-and strategy-making; media; infrastructure; corruption combating; and developing and implementing environmental strategies and action plans to ensure sustainability in view of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Global Recognitions of Hilmi S. Salem's Achievements, Briefly:  Currently, approximately 260,000 professionals (academicians, senior scientists, CEOs, project leaders, university professors, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, and Doctorate and Master Students have visited the Web-pages of Hilmi S. Salem at ResearchGate.Net and Academia.Edu.  Currently, Dr. Hilmi S. Salem's research has received about 2,000 citations worldwide, appeared in approximately 430 scientific journals, 100 books, and more than 250 Doctoral Dissertations and Master Theses.  Currently, ResearchGate.Net states: "Your [Hilmi S. Salem's] Research Interest Score is higher than 95% of ResearchGate's members, indicating your research significant impacts, worldwide."  Currently, Dr. Hilmi S. Salem is ranked in the top 1% class amongst about 220 million scientists worldwide, according to the international platform for scientists: Academia.Edu.  Following are some selected examples of Hilmi S. Salem's achievements during the years 2007-2023.

Research paper thumbnail of Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater in agriculture in some Arab countries, including occupied Palestine, in view of climate change

Natural Resources Conservation and Research, 2023

FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing tr... more FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater in agriculture in some Arab countries, including occupied Palestine, in view of climate change. Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Volume 6, Issue 2. 22 Pages. “A special Issue: Climate-Adaptive Approaches to Risk Monitoring and Sustainable Water Resources Management." (Published online: 29 August 2023), EnPress Publisher, El Monte, CA, USA. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v6i2.2229
https://systems.enpress-publisher.com/index.php/NRCR/article/view/2229
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372317053_Socioeconomic_environmental_and_health_impacts_of_reusing_treated_wastewater_in_agriculture_in_some_Arab_countries_including_occupied_Palestine_in_view_of_climate_change

ABSTRACT: The increase in water stress and shortage, facing many countries around the world, is one of the main difficulties confronting practical progress and sustainable development and management. Accordingly, managing the water assets of many countries around the world is nowadays a big challenge due to immense difficulties and vulnerabilities, including rapid industrialization and urbanization processes, population growth, geopolitical instability, and the effects of environmental changes, namely global warming and climate change. Because of global fresh waters scarcity and shortage, the demand for using non-conventional water resources, such as reusing treated wastewater for irrigation and industrial purposes, has become a nessitiy. However, the reuse of effluents for agricultural irrigation can have negative impacts on crop quality and soil conditions, as well as on public health and the environment. Moreover, improper management of agricultural irrigation with treated wastewater can also cause problems for plant production and soils’ physical and chemical properties. This paper investigates the status of freshwater and wastewater in view of climate change, and socioeconomic, environmental, and health impacts of reusing treated wastewater for irrigation in the Arab region, with the focus on the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), as an example. The paper concludes that: 1) Approximately 13.2 billion cubic meters (BCM) of wastewater is yearly produced in the Arab countries, of which 5.7 BCM (43.2%) is treated and 7.5 MCM (56.8%) is untreated and dumped in open environments; 2) Regarding the OPT, where more than 87% of its fresh water resources are controlled and forcefully taken by the Israeli occupation authorities, Palestinians discharge large amounts of untreated wastewater into open lands (as in the case of the occupied West Bank) and in the Mediterranean Sea (as in the case of occupied and besieged Gaza Strip); and 3) The reused portion of treated wastewater in the OPT is close to zero. Keywords: water shortage and scarcity; wastewater treatment and reuse; agriculture and irrigation; climate change impacts; Arab region, including the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT).

Research paper thumbnail of Hilmi S. Salem Interviewed by Turkish Media on Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: The West Bank and the Gaza Strip

Ayrimcilik Hatti, 2023

Date of Publication: Thursday – 4 May 2023 FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Dr. Hilmi S. Salem'... more Date of Publication: Thursday – 4 May 2023
FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. (2023). Dr. Hilmi S. Salem's Interview with Turkish Media on Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Ayrimcilik Hatti, 4 May 2023.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370497949_Dr_Hilmi_S_Salem's_Interview_with_Turkish_Media_on_Water_Status_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territories
This is an interview conducted with Dr. Hilmi S. Salem with by Turkish media on the Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT): The West Bank and the Gaza Strip: Israel Uses Water and Basic Food to Oppress Palestinians

ABSTRACT: This is an interview conducted with Dr. Hilmi S. Salem with by Turkish media on the Water Status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT): The West Bank and the Gaza Strip: Israel Uses Water and Basic Food to Oppress Palestinians. Israel uses water and basic food to oppress Palestinians: "As a result of Israel's use of water as a policy of pressure, many Palestinians suffer from water shortages. While Palestinian citizens struggle with thirst, Israel provides 24/7 drinking water to its own people in the same region."

Research paper thumbnail of A BOOK: Enhancing Water Security In The Middle East (Please find the full book posted at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370489978_A_BOOK_ENHANCING_WATER_SECURITY_IN_THE_MIDDLE_EAST ). See Hilmi S. Salem's Chapter on Water Conflict

Al Sharq Forum, Istanboul, Turkey; and Colorado School of mines, Denver CO, USA, 2023

FOR CITATION: Hussein A. Amery (Ed.): (2023): "Enhancing Water Security in the Middle East”. MENA... more FOR CITATION: Hussein A. Amery (Ed.): (2023): "Enhancing Water Security in the Middle East”. MENA Water Security Task Force, Al-Sharq Strategic Research, Al-Sharq Forum, Istanbul, Turkey; and Colorado School of Mines, Denver, CO, USA. 269 Pages. Published on 20 March 2023. https://research.sharqforum.org/mena-water-security-task-force/ ABSTRACT: For several reasons, water security is one of the most critical nonconventional security threats in the MENA region. Firstly, the region is characterized by high water scarcity, with many countries being among the most water-stressed in the world. According to the World Resources Institute, 17 of the 20 countries with the lowest water availability per capita are in the MENA region. Secondly, rapid population growth is straining the already limited water resources in the MENA region. The region’s population is projected to increase by around 50% by 2050. This, along with improving quality of life and the concurrent rising consumption of water-intensive protein diets, will aggravate water scarcity. Thirdly, the region is experiencing increasing droughts and extreme weather events, reducing freshwater availability and exacerbating water scarcity. Climate change is projected to decrease precipitation and increase evaporation in the region, reducing the availability of water resources and increasing the risk of droughts. According to the United Nations, the region has the world’s lowest water resources per capita, with less than 500 cubic meters per person per year. In some countries, such as Oman and Saudi Arabia, the figure is as low as 100 cubic meters per person per year. The World Bank estimates that the MENA region’s economic cost of water scarcity could reach 14% of GDP by 2050. These statistics show that water security is a vital issue in the MENA region and needs to be urgently addressed. The region needs to improve water management and address the underlying causes of water scarcity, such as over-extraction of groundwater, inefficient irrigation practices, and lack of investment in water infrastructure. In light of our experience, it was of the utmost importance to us that a group of researchers from the MENA region undertake this current endeavor. Therefore, our primary challenge was to identify and secure the leadership of a senior expert to guide our efforts. This edited volume presents an examination of the MENA region’s water challenges, and it attempts to pay greater attention to opportunities related to enhancing water security. With this approach in mind, the
Nile River basin is analyzed by Dr. Mohammed Mahmoud, the Euphrates and Tiger basins are examined by Dr. Neda Zawahri, Dr. Mohammad Al-Saidi addresses the issue of desalination in the Arab Gulf countries, and Dr. Hilmi S. Salem explores potential solutions for the water conflict between Palestinians and Israelis. Finally, a cross-regional chapter by Dr. Marwa Daoudy provides a broad human security framework for this volume. Water challenges in the Middle East and North Africa are too numerous to capture in one body of research. Dr. Amery provides an introductory chapter that provides an overview of the wide range
of possible approaches for enhancing water security. Throughout our collaboration, we also discussed examining water insecurity in other parts of the region, such as Morocco, Iran, and Yemen. In conclusion, we hope the insights and perspectives presented in this book will inspire further research and analysis on the themes discussed and contribute to a deeper understanding of the Middle East and North Africa security landscape. Through our research and discussions, we have highlighted the importance of addressing non-conventional security threats, such as the environment, climate change, and the water-food-energy nexus, and the potential for collaboration and innovative solutions to address these challenges. We encourage our colleagues in academia and think tanks to continue this important work and build on the foundation laid by this volume.

Research paper thumbnail of Dr. Hilmi S. Salem List of Professional Affiliations

Hilmi S. Salem's List of Affiliations, 2023

Memberships in many professional, academic, and societal societies, associations, foundations, un... more Memberships in many professional, academic, and societal societies, associations, foundations, unions, boards, periodicals, etc., dealing with natural sciences, engineering, socioeconomics, legality, and other fields, as well as policy-and strategy-making, some of which are United Nations' (UN) members, and many of them concerned with research and development, academia and scholars, sustainability, the environment, water, climate change, renewable energy, and fossil energy, including the following (given alphabetically):

Research paper thumbnail of Difficulties, Problems, Limitations, Challenges, and Corruption Facing Cancer Patients in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: The West Bank, Including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip

Med Discoveries, 2023

This research was conducted in relation to the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territor... more This research was conducted in relation to the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT): The West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip, with a total population of about 5.4 million and an area of about 6,000 km 2. The mortality rate from several types of cancer was 14% in 2016, representing the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases which account for 30.6% of all causes of death in the OPT. Cancer mortality in the OPT increased by 136% from 2000 to 2016, and by 14% from 2016 to 2020. In addition to other types of cancer in the OPT, its main types are lung (highest in males), breast (highest in females), colorectal (highest in both sexes), and leukemia (highest in adolescents and children). This research paper explains, clearly, honestly, and bravely, in analytical scientific manner, the difficulties, problems, limitations, and challenges facing Palestinian cancer patients in the OPT. It also objectively connects these challenges with the ongoing corruption practices that, negatively, influence cancer patients' access to treatment in a timely manner; thus could influence their survival opportunities. The paper recommends that the OPT's cancer patients should be treated well, comfortably, humanely, physically, and financially, with due respect for freedom and ease of movement, and without limitations and corruption.

[Research paper thumbnail of Some Selected Examples of Letters Inviting Hilmi S. Salem to Contribute to Relevant Peer-Reviewed, Widely-Read Referenced Journals, International Conferences, and Other Events (During January, February, March, and April 2023) [Updated Upon Data Availability](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/101013874/thumbnails/1.jpg)

These invitations are sent to Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem to contribute to international journals, c... more These invitations are sent to Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem to contribute to international journals, conferences, and other events, in relation to medicine, environment, water, energy, climate change, sustainability, and many other fields as well.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential Solutions for the Water Conflict Between Palestinians and Israelis. Posted at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367190828_Chapter_4_Potential_Solutions_for_the_Water_Conflict_Between_Palestinians_and_Israelis

Strategic Research Forum, Istanbul, Turkey, 2023

FOR CITATION: SALEM, Hilmi S. 2023. Potential Solutions for the Water Conflict between Palestinia... more FOR CITATION: SALEM, Hilmi S. 2023. Potential Solutions for the Water Conflict between Palestinians and Israelis. A Book Chapter (PP: 123–185) In: Hussein Amery (Ed.),“Enhancing Water Security in the Middle East”. MENA Water Security Task Force, Al Sharq Strategic Research, Al Sharq Forum, Istanbul, Turkey; and Colorado School of Mines, Denver, CO, USA. Published on 20 March 2023. https://research.sharqforum.org/mena-water-security-task-force/ and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367190828_Chapter_4_Potential_Solutions_for_the_Water_Conflict_Between_Palestinians_and_Israelis ABSTRACT: The Palestinian people’s thirst is not only for their freedom, but also water, as they are deprived of their own water resources. Denying Palestinians their basic rights to water is part of Israel’s 75-year-old (since 1948) repression against them in their homeland of Historic Palestine, which includes the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), comprised of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. The OPT has a total area of about 6,000 km2 (forming approximately 22% of Historic Palestine (27,000 km2) and a total population of around 5.4 million (3.2 million in the West Bank, and 2.2 million in the Gaza Strip). The Palestinians in the OPT currently have very little water to use for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes, especially in light of the impacts of population growth and climate change. This study presents potential hydro-solutions to mitigate and solve water problems between the two conflicting parties – the Palestinians and the Israelis. These proposed hydro-solutions can be briefly summarized as: 1) The Palestinian people in the OPT should obtain their full rights in their transboundary renewable surface water and groundwater resources in the Jordan River System; Lake Tiberias (Sea of Galilee); Dead Sea Basin (DSB); Mountain Aquifer System and its subsystems (Western, North-eastern, and Eastern); water springs; and dams to be built in the OPT to harvest rainwater without restrictions from the Israeli occupation authorities; 2) All these water resources must be subject to the “principles of international law,” based on “fair and reasonable use” and “limited sovereignty,” taking into account equality, equity, justice, population growth, climate change impacts, and sustainability; 3) Based on the Palestinian and Israeli populations, the Palestinians should receive about 810 MCM/yr, instead of the 265 MCM allotted to them annually, and the Israelis should receive about 1,455 MCM/yr, instead of the 2,000 MCM/yr that they currently consume. The annual per capita consumption of Palestinians and Israelis should be around 150 m3/yr, instead of the 88 m3/yr and the 214 m3/yr, which are currently consumed by the Palestinians and Israelis, respectively; and 4) An international-Palestinian-Israeli joint management structure must be agreed upon to address monitoring and compliance with water quotas, and to ensure the protection of all water resources, the environment, biodiversity, and ecosystems in Historic Palestine.

Research paper thumbnail of Cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: types; incidence; mortality; sex, age, and geography distribution; and possible causes

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 2022

Cancer is a disease in which some cells of the body grow uncontrollably and occasionally spread t... more Cancer is a disease in which some cells of the body grow uncontrollably and occasionally spread to other parts of the body. With a group of more than 100 different types, cancer can start almost anywhere in the body. Defective cells may form a mass called a tumor which can be cancerous (malignant), which grows and spreads to other parts of the body, or benign that can grow but not spread throughout the body. In 2021, more than 10 million people died of cancer worldwide (1 out of 6 deaths). This paper has thoroughly investigated the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), in terms of its various types; incidence; mortality; sex, age, and geography distribution; and potential causes. In the OPT, with a population of 5.35 million, cancer mortality was 14% in 2016, being the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases accounting 30.6% of all causes of death. Cancer mortality in the OPT increased by 136% from 2000 to 2016, and by 14% from 2016 to 2020. In addition to other types of cancer in the OPT, its main types are lung (highest in males), breast (highest in females), colorectal (highest in both sexes), and leukemia (highest in children). The high rates of different types of cancer in the OPT can be attributed to various causes, including those related to environmental pollution, nutrition, stress, and lifestyle factors (smoking, lack of activity, increased dependence on technologies, etc.), whereas only 10-30% of cancer cases are attributed to genetics.

Research paper thumbnail of Hilmi S. Salem Paper on Cancer Research

Research paper thumbnail of Water strategies and water-food Nexus: challenges and opportunities towards sustainable development in various regions of the World

Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2022

Abstract The twenty-first century is witnessing an explosion in global population, environmental ... more Abstract The twenty-first century is witnessing an explosion in global population, environmental changes, agricultural land disintegration, hunger, and geopolitical instabilities. It is difficult to manage these conditions or standardize improvement systems without thinking of the three main elements or subsystems that are necessary for any meaningful development—namely water (W), energy (E), and food (F). These key elements form what is globally agreed upon as the “WEF Nexus.” While considering them, one should think about the other key factors that influence WEF Nexus, including population’s growth, impacts of environmental changes (including climate change), moderation and adaptation regimes to climate change and climate resilience, loss of biodiversity, and sustainable nature. Together, the WEF Nexus subsystems represent a framework to ensure environmental protection that should be seen as an ethical and socioeconomic obligation. Issues, such as protection of water resources, and strategies and management tools or mechanisms for the use of water assets and agricultural innovations under the obligations of sustainable use, are investigated in this paper. Attention is paid to the relationship between water and food (WF Nexus) or water for food security in various world regions, including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, Central Asia countries and the Caucasus, China, Africa, and Canada. This paper also presents analyses of a great number of up-to-date publications regarding the “Nexus” perspective and its applications and limitations. This paper suggests that the Nexus’ approach, in its different concepts (WEF, WE, WF and EF), can promote sustainable development and improve the quality of life of communities, while preserving natural, human, and social capital, addressing sustainability challenges, and protecting natural resources and the environment for long-term use. Keywords Water, water efficiency, water strategies, water security, and water infrastructure · Water as a human right · Agriculture and food · Climate change · Water–food Nexus (WF Nexus). FOR CITATIONS: Salem, H.S, Pudza, M.Y., and Yihdego, Y. (2022). Water strategies and water–food Nexus: Challenges and opportunities towards sustainable development in various regions of the world. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 8:114, 54p. (Published by Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-022-00676-3 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361972621_Water_strategies_and_water-food_Nexus_challenges_and_opportunities_towards_sustainable_development_in_various_regions_of_the_World

Research paper thumbnail of Disciplines of Visitors to Hilmi S. Salem's Webpage on Research Gate (Updated: 1 December 2024)

Disciplines of Scholars, Experts, academicians, Research Scientists, Postgraduate Students, Execu... more Disciplines of Scholars, Experts, academicians, Research Scientists, Postgraduate Students, Executive Officers, Consultants, and Others who visited the Webpage of Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem on ResearchGate.Net (Disciplines Given Alphabetically).

Research paper thumbnail of The Situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Terrorism or Resistance and Its Consequences

FOR CITATION: Salem, H.S. 2009. The situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Terrorism... more FOR CITATION:
Salem, H.S. 2009. The situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Terrorism or resistance and its consequences. A paper presented at The International Conference on Transitional Justice: A Solution against Terrorism in Occupied Territories, The Mediterranean Programme of the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute (UUI): The 9th Mediterranean Research Meeting, Florence and Motecatini Terme, Italy, March 25–28, 2009.

ABSTRACT:
This paper examines the issue of 'terrorism' in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), its consequences for the Palestinian and Israeli societies, and the reasons behind it and for its persistence and growth.

Research paper thumbnail of Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security: Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks. VOL 5 / HEXAGON SERIES ON HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURIT Y AND PEACE

This policy-focused Global Environmental and Human Security Handbook for the Anthropocene (GEHSHA... more This policy-focused Global Environmental and Human Security Handbook for the Anthropocene (GEHSHA) addresses new security threats, challenges, vulnerabilities and risks posed by global environmental change and disasters. In 5 forewords, 5 preface essays and 95 peer reviewed chapters, 164 authors from 48 countries analyse in 10 parts concepts of military and political hard security and economic, social, environmental soft security with a regional focus on the Near East, North and Sub-Sahara Africa and Asia and on hazards in urban centres. The major focus is on coping with global environmental change: climate change, desertification, water, food and health and with hazards and strategies on social vulnerability and resilience building and scientific, international, regional and national political strategies, policies and measures including early warning of conflicts and hazards. The book proposes a political geo-ecology and discusses a 'Fourth Green Revolution' for the Anthropocene era of earth history. Hans Günter Brauch, Adj. Prof. (PD) at the Free University of Berlin, chairman of AFES-PRESS, senior fellow at UNU-EHS in Bonn and editor of this series; he publishes on security and environment issues. Úrsula Oswald Spring, Professor at UNAM-CRIM, Mexico; first UNU-EHS chair on social vulnerability; she writes on sustainability, development, gender, disaster, poverty and collaborates with peasants. John Grin, Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam; he publishes on societal transformations in water management, agriculture and health care, and advices practitioners.

Research paper thumbnail of Indoor air pollution sources (particularly Skunk) and their impacts on health and the environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories,” (PP: 204-221). In: Conference Proceedings (Full Book).

FOR CITATION: Indoor air pollution sources (particularly Skunk) and their impacts on health and t... more FOR CITATION: Indoor air pollution sources (particularly Skunk) and their impacts on health and the environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories,” In: M.F. Yassin (Ed.), “Proceeding of Workshop on Air Quality in Hot Arid Climate (IAQHAC).” (pp: 204-221), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Shuwaikh, Kuwait City, Kuwait, 3–4 April 2017. URL: ABSTRACT: Air pollution (AP) is generally defined as “the presence in, or introduction into the air of, a substance that has harmful or poisonous effects.” Outdoor air pollution (OAP) can be defined as “the presence of solids, liquids, or gases in outdoor air in amounts that are injurious or detrimental to human health and/or the environment,” or as “the substance (such as smoke, dust, and obnoxious odors) that interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life and/or property.” Indoor air pollution (IAP) is defined as “the pollution that refers to chemical, biological, and physical contamination of indoor air.” As related to the 1967- Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), the air pollution’s (OAP and IAP) situation can be simply described as “catastrophic”, due to the several sources of OAI and IAP, resulted in health and environmental related impacts. However, something uniquely characterizes indoor air pollution in the OPT, in particular, which is the substance known as “Skunk”, with reference to the animal “Skunk”. What makes Skunk a unique IAP’s source is the fact that Skunk is used only in the OPT, and it is also beyond the control of the Palestinian people living in the OPT under the Israeli occupation. Skunk is a liquid with obnoxious odor that has become one of the characteristic weapons that frequently-used against innocent, nonviolent Palestinians in the OPT since August 2008, i.e. since it was first used in the West Bank’s village of Ni'lin. Since then, the Israeli occupation forces (IOF) regularly hose down Palestinian crowds and homes with the Skunk liquid in cities, towns, villages, and refugee camps, which raises suspicions that this practice has been regularly and indiscriminately used as a punitive measure against the Palestinians. As witnessed, reported, and documented by Israeli and international civil- and human-rights organizations, the Skunk liquid has been sprayed by the IOF at Palestinian protestors, homes, shops, schools, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, entire neighborhoods, and even at funeral processions. After Skunk makes contact with persons or objects, its putrid stench can stay for days and even weeks, making inside homes and neighborhoods smell very badly for long periods of time, and causing nausea, vomiting, skin rash, irritation and redness, eye irradiation, abdominal pain, suffocation, excessive coughing, headaches, ataxia, etc. In addition to the health and environmental harms that Skunk causes, the use of Skunk is also intended to cause humiliation to the Palestinians. The odor of the Skunk’s noisome substance is overpowering, as it feels like the smell of a mixture of raw sewage, sulfur, and rotten animal corpses. In this study, indoor air pollutants, particularly “Skunk”, are investigated, analyzed, and discussed, with respect to their health and environmental impacts, and in view of the geopolitical situation in the region. Such impacts have become even more damaging due to the effects of other factors, such as high temperatures, aridity and semi-aridity climate conditions affecting the region, and the OAP’s sources, such as sand- and dust-storms, stone industry, etc.

Research paper thumbnail of Climate Change and Health- Related Impacts in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT)

FOR CITATIONS: Salem, H.S., 2008. Climate Change and Health-Related Impacts in the Occupied Pales... more FOR CITATIONS:
Salem, H.S., 2008. Climate Change and Health-Related Impacts in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT). A Paper Presented at the "Health-Climate Change Impacts’ Conference," Jointly Organized and Sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Palestinian Ministry of Health (MoH) in contribution to the World Health-Day Activities. Ramallah, Palestine, 17 April 2008.