Sally Haw - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sally Haw

BMJ open, 2016

To examine the relationship between tobacco cigarette brand recognition, and e-cigarette use in a... more To examine the relationship between tobacco cigarette brand recognition, and e-cigarette use in adolescents. Cross-sectional observational study. High schools in Scotland. Questionnaires were administered to pupils in Secondary 2 (S2 mean age: 14.0 years) and Secondary 4 (S4 mean age: 15.9 years) across 4 communities in Scotland. An 86% response rate with a total sample of 1404 pupils was achieved. Self-reported previous use of e-cigarettes and self-reported intention to try e-cigarettes in the next 6 months. 75% (1029/1377) of respondents had heard of e-cigarettes (69.5% S2, 81.1% S4), and of these, 17.3% (10.6% S2, 24.3% S4 n=1020) had ever tried an e-cigarette. 6.8% (3.7% S2, 10.0% S4 n=1019) reported that they intended to try an e-cigarette in the next 6 months. Recognition of more cigarette brands was associated with greater probability of previous e-cigarette use (OR 1.20, 99% CI 1.05 to 1.38) as was having a best friend who smoked (OR 3.17, 99% CI 1.42 to 7.09). Intention to ...

Presentation given by Sally Haw at 13 February 2007 joint event between LHO and Smokefree London.

Date of Presentation: Presenter’s Name: Topic or Session: Please complete the evaluation for toda... more Date of Presentation: Presenter’s Name: Topic or Session: Please complete the evaluation for today’s training session – your feedback is valuable to us and is appreciated. AusDBF is committed to continual improvement and suggestions will be considered for future training needs. Criteria Strongly agree 4 Agree 3 Disagree 2 Strongly Disagree 1 Not Applicable 0 Training was relevant to my needs Materials provided were helpful Length of training was sufficient Content was well organised Questions were encouraged Instructions were clear and understandable Training met my expectations The presenter and / or presentation was effective

Objective To detect any change in exposure to secondhand smoke among primary schoolchildren after... more Objective To detect any change in exposure to secondhand smoke among primary schoolchildren after implementation of smoke-free legislation in Scotland in March 2006. Design Comparison of nationally representative, cross sectional, class based surveys carried out in the same schools before and after legislation.

Briefing based on: Haw S, Currie D, Eadie D, Pearce J, MacGregor A, Stead M, et al. The impact of... more Briefing based on: Haw S, Currie D, Eadie D, Pearce J, MacGregor A, Stead M, et al. The impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people in Scotland: before-and-after study. Public Health Research 2020;8(1). https://doi.org/10.3310/phr08010

European Journal of Public Health, Oct 20, 2017

Background Over the last two decades, a number of tobacco control measures have been put in place... more Background Over the last two decades, a number of tobacco control measures have been put in place in Sweden. However, to what extent each of these measures has been effective in inducing a behavioral change among Swedish tobacco users is not known. This knowledge would be useful to plan future interventions and it is increasingly required by policy makers and authorities. Aim of this study is to examine the possible effect of four types of policies on the calling rates to the Swedish smoking cessation quitline. Methods A quasi-experimental design of 16-years of monthly data collected between January 1999 to December 2014 (192 months) including a total of 162,978 phone calls. We used intervention time series models where outcome was defined as calling rates expressed per 100,000 smokers. Rate ratio (RR) at 6 months after intervention together with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated from the model. Results The campaign on passive smoking on Jan 2001 was associated with an 85% higher calling rate (95% CI = 1.13-3.04). Larger text warnings on cigarette packs in Sept 2002 conferred a 53% increment in the calling rate (95% CI = 1.20-1.94). Smokingfree restaurants was associated with a significant 11% (95% CI = 1.00-1.23) higher calling rate. The 10% tobacco tax increase in Jan 2012 had no significant effect on the calling rate (RR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.82-1.15). Conclusions Within an overall decreasing trend in smoking in Sweden, we found differential effects of smoking policies on the calling rates to the smoking quitline, the most effective being the campaign on passive smoking and the larger text warnings signs on the cigarette packs.

Addiction

Background and Aims Standardised tobacco packaging was introduced in the United Kingdom (UK) in M... more Background and Aims Standardised tobacco packaging was introduced in the United Kingdom (UK) in May 2016, together with larger graphic warnings. This study explored young Scottish people's awareness of and perceptions about standardised tobacco packaging in the UK Design Qualitative study using 16 focus groups conducted February-March 2017. Setting Four schools in Scotland based in areas of differing socioeconomic status (high vs medium/low) and two levels of urbanity (large urban vs small town/other urban). Participants Eighty-two S2 (13-14 years) and S4 (15-16 years) students who were smokers or at-risk non-smokers. Measurements Focus groups explored perceptions of standardised packaging and health warnings. The qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Findings Views about standardised packaging were generally negative. Packs were described as being unattractive, drab and less appealing than non-standardised versions. The new health warnings generated negative affective, often aversive, responses. These varied depending on the image's perceived 'gruesomeness' and authenticity. Most participants thought that the impact would be greatest on young non/occasional smokers. There were divergent views about whether established smokers would be affected.

Public Health Research

Background Tobacco displays at point of sale have been shown to increase young people’s pro-smoki... more Background Tobacco displays at point of sale have been shown to increase young people’s pro-smoking attitudes, susceptibility to smoking and smoking initiation. In Scotland, legislation that prohibited tobacco point-of-sale displays was implemented in large stores (i.e. those > 280 m2) in April 2013 and in small retailers in April 2015. Objective To assess the impact of the point-of-sale tobacco display ban on young people’s exposure to tobacco advertising, their attitudes to smoking and smoking susceptibility, and their risk of smoking initiation. Design Multimodal before-and-after study design using mixed methods to collect data at baseline (2013) and then longitudinally for 4 years. Setting Four main study communities in the central belt of mainland Scotland, UK, purposively selected to reflect two levels of urbanity (urban vs. small town) and two levels of deprivation (high vs. medium/low). Four matched communities. Participants In the main study communities, 94 tobacco retai...

Systematic Reviews

Background: Despite a decline in child and adult smoking prevalence, young people who smoke (even... more Background: Despite a decline in child and adult smoking prevalence, young people who smoke (even occasionally) can rapidly become addicted to nicotine, with most adult smokers initiating smoking before they are 18. Schools have long been a popular setting to deliver youth smoking prevention interventions, but evidence of the effectiveness of school-based prevention programmes is mixed, and outcomes vary by the type of programme delivered. Existing systematic reviews that explore the factors contributing to the success or failure of school-based smoking prevention programmes often exclude qualitative studies, due to a focus on intervention effectiveness which qualitative research cannot answer. Instead, qualitative research is focussed on the experiences and perceptions of those involved in the programmes. This systematic review will address this gap by updating a 2009 review to examine qualitative studies. The aim is to generate deeper insight to help target resources which have the potential to save lives by preventing smoking initiation among children and young people. Methods: This systematic review will be searching the following databases: the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, HMIC, ERIC, ASSIA, Web of Science and CINAHL. In order to identify additional references, we will consult the reference lists of a sample of systematic reviews and search relevant organizational websites in order to identify appropriate grey literature. The search strategy will include key words and database-specific subject headings relating to smoking, children and young people, health promotion and school. Authors will independently screen, assess data quality and extract data for synthesis. Study findings will be synthesised thematically using 'best-fit framework syntheses'. This allows for an existing set of themes to be used as a starting point to map or code included studies. These themes are then adapted as coding takes place to accommodate new emerging themes. Discussion: This review will focus on qualitative studies that seek to examine the barriers and facilitators to the delivery of school-based smoking prevention programmes in order to inform the design of future theory-based interventions in schools to prevent children and young people from smoking. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42014015483

Tobacco Control

IntroductionIncentives have been used by tobacco companies for many years to encourage retailers ... more IntroductionIncentives have been used by tobacco companies for many years to encourage retailers to sell and promote their products. However, few studies have examined the use of retailer incentives in countries with a ban on the open display of tobacco products in stores.MethodsAs part of the DISPLAY(Determining the Impact of Smoking Point of Sale Legislation Among Youth) study, annual qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 small retailers in four Scottish communities. This article focuses on data collected in June to July 2015 and June to July 2016 after a ban on the open display of tobacco was fully implemented in Scotland.ResultsRetailers described being offered and benefiting from a range of financial and other incentives, typically offered via tobacco company representatives (‘reps’). Most of the retailers received tobacco manufacturer support for converting their storage unit to be compliant with the new regulations, and several participated in manufacturer ‘loyalty’ o...

Tobacco control, Jan 22, 2017

This study examines whether young never smokers in Scotland, UK, who have tried an e-cigarette ar... more This study examines whether young never smokers in Scotland, UK, who have tried an e-cigarette are more likely than those who have not, to try a cigarette during the following year. Prospective cohort survey conducted in four high schools in Scotland, UK during February/March 2015 (n=3807) with follow-up 1 year later. All pupils (age 11-18) were surveyed. Response rates were high in both years (87% in 2015) and 2680/3807 (70.4%) of the original cohort completed the follow-up survey. Analysis was restricted to baseline 'never smokers' (n=3001/3807), 2125 of whom were available to follow-up (70.8%). At baseline, 183 of 2125 (8.6%) never smokers had tried an e-cigarette and 1942 had not. Of the young people who had not tried an e-cigarette at baseline, 249 (12.8%) went on to try smoking a cigarette by follow-up. This compares with 74 (40.4%) of those who had tried an e-cigarette at baseline. This effect remained significant in a logistic regression model adjusted for smoking su...

The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

Addiction (Abingdon, England), Jan 13, 2017

To estimate 1) the immediate impact; 2) the cumulative impact; and 3) the duration of impact of S... more To estimate 1) the immediate impact; 2) the cumulative impact; and 3) the duration of impact of Scottish tobacco control TV mass media campaigns (MMCs) on smoking cessation activity, as measured by calls to Smokeline and the volume of prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Multivariate time series analysis using secondary data on population level measures of exposure to TV MMCs broadcast and smoking cessation activity between 2003 and 2012. Population of Scotland. Adult television viewer ratings (TVRs) as a measure of exposure to Scottish mass media campaigns in the adult population; monthly calls to NHS Smokeline; and the monthly volume of prescribed NRT as measured by gross ingredient costs (GIC). Tobacco control TVRs were associated with an increase in calls to Smokeline but not an increase in the volume of prescribed NRT. A one standard deviation increase of 194 tobacco control TVRs led to an immediate and significant increase of 385.9 (95% CI: 171.0, 600.7) calls to Smo...

Pilot and feasibility studies, 2016

Pilot and feasibility work is conducted to evaluate the operational feasibility and acceptability... more Pilot and feasibility work is conducted to evaluate the operational feasibility and acceptability of the intervention itself and the feasibility and acceptability of a trials' protocol design. The Cardiac Rehabilitation In Bowel cancer (CRIB) study was a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of cardiac rehabilitation versus usual care (no rehabilitation) for post-surgical colorectal cancer patients. A key aim of the pilot trial was to test the feasibility and acceptability of the protocol design. A pilot RCT with embedded qualitative work was conducted in three sites. Participants were randomly allocated to cardiac rehabilitation or usual care groups. Outcomes used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of key trial parameters were screening, eligibility, consent, randomisation, adverse events, retention, completion, missing data, and intervention adherence rates. Colorectal patients' and clinicians' perceptions and experiences of the main trial procedures were ex...

Public Health, 2016

Objectives: Point of sale (POS) displays are one of the most important forms of tobacco marketing... more Objectives: Point of sale (POS) displays are one of the most important forms of tobacco marketing still permitted in many countries. Reliable methods for measuring exposure to such displays are needed in order to assess their potential impact, particularly on smoking attitudes and uptake among young people. In this study we use a novel method for evaluating POS exposure based on young people's use of retail outlets and recall of tobacco displays and observational data on the characteristics of displays. Study design: Observational audit of retail outlets (n ¼ 96) and school-based pupil survey (n ¼ 1482) in four Scottish communities reflecting different levels of social deprivation and urbanisation, conducted in 2013 before legislation to remove POS displays was implemented in supermarkets. Methods: Measures were taken of: visibility and placement of tobacco displays; internal and external advertising; display unit size, branding and design; visibility of pack warnings; proximity of tobacco products to products of potential interest to children and young people; pupils' self-reported frequency of visiting retail outlets; and pupils' recall of tobacco displays. Variation in POS exposure across social and demographic groups was assessed.

Professional Nurse, May 1, 2002

European Journal of Public Health, 2010