Muhammad Salman Iqbal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Muhammad Salman Iqbal

The European Physical Journal Plus

The current study deals with the stochastic reaction-diffusion epidemic model numerically with tw... more The current study deals with the stochastic reaction-diffusion epidemic model numerically with two proposed schemes. Such models have many applications in the disease dynamics of wildlife, human life, and others. During the last decade, it is observed that the epidemic models cannot predict the accurate behavior of infectious diseases. The empirical data gained about the spread of the disease shows non-deterministic behavior. It is a strong challenge for researchers to consider stochastic epidemic models. The effect of the stochastic process is analyzed. So, the SIR epidemic model is considered under the influence of the stochastic process. The time noise term is taken as the stochastic source. The coefficient of the stochastic term is a Borel function, and it is used to control the random behavior in the solutions. The proposed stochastic backward Euler scheme and the proposed stochastic implicit finite difference scheme (IFDS) are used for the numerical solution of the underlying model. Both schemes are consistent in the mean square sense. The stability of the schemes is proven with Von-Neumann criteria and schemes are unconditionally stable. The proposed stochastic backward Euler scheme converges toward a disease-free equilibrium and does not converge toward an endemic equilibrium but also possesses negative behavior. The proposed stochastic IFD scheme converges toward disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. This scheme also preserves positivity. The graphical behavior of the stochastic SIR model is much similar to the classical SIR epidemic model when noise strength approaches zero. The three-dimensional plots of the susceptible and infected individuals are drawn for two cases of endemic equilibrium and disease-free equilibriums. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is shown in the graphical behavior of the test problem for the various values of the parameters.

Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control

In this paper, the examination of soliton solutions of the biofilm model with the help of a new e... more In this paper, the examination of soliton solutions of the biofilm model with the help of a new extended direct algebraic method is expressed. Besides the exact solutions, the existence of these solutions is also discussed with the help of the Schauder fixed point theorem. The nonlinear dynamical biofilm model which we consider in this paper is basically the bistable Allen–Cahn equation with quartic potential. For more physical understanding, the 3D plots of the solutions are presented. The different types of hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational soliton solutions are gained. In the biofilm model, different parameters belong to certain spaces and give the exact solutions by applying the technique of new extended direct algebraic method. Exact solutions of the biofilm model are highlighted along with their restriction.

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP)

To boost the performance of solar cells (SCs), four non-fullerene π-conjugated acceptor compounds... more To boost the performance of solar cells (SCs), four non-fullerene π-conjugated acceptor compounds, including iodosubstituted (SubPcs) subphthalocyanines is π-conjugated rigid tetrahedral geometry aromatic molecule composed of three units combined around a boron atom bearing a macrocycle core with a perpendicular axial ligand. The C3 designed molecule shows the optoelectronic analysis is better than the reference molecule R due to absorption range because its range found to be nearer the reference compound as well as the absorption occur at 645.53 nm, 519 nm respectively. Examination of the frontier molecular orbital

En general, se creía que el crecimiento poblacional tiene efecto negativo en el desarrollo económ... more En general, se creía que el crecimiento poblacional tiene efecto negativo en el desarrollo económico, pero desde la última década, los economistas insisten en que este crecimiento desempeña un papel importante en el desarrollo económico debido a su efecto positivo en las variables macroeconómicas. El presente estudio investiga la relación positiva del crecimiento poblacional y desarrollo económico. El estudio utilizó datos secundarios del censo de población mundial 1981 al 2015. Se utilizó el software E-views para analizar la situación. Los hallazgos muestran una relación positiva entre la población y el desarrollo económico; por lo que el crecimiento poblacional no es malo en absoluto. El eslogan parece ser cierto: "no estoy sobrepoblado".Generally, it was believed that the population growth has negative effect on economic development, but from the last decade, economists insist that population growth plays an important role in economic development due to its positive eff...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2019

The advancement of the modern world requires catering the power crisis. New methodologies for ene... more The advancement of the modern world requires catering the power crisis. New methodologies for energy harvesting were considered, but their succession in a different environment is still to explore. This paper deals with antenna designing to harvest energy from radio signals. The rummage of energy from surrounding sources is considered a harvesting of energy and it would be an alternative approach for low energy utilization. As comparatively well-known sources are considered for energy harvesting; such as wind and solar, radio frequency signal can provide continues supply of energy harvesting. Alternatively, we are getting the maximum usable energy resources which are challenging the amplitude of arriving signal, which is considered very low and the requirements for operating available antennas are proportionally higher. Using the Microstrip patch antenna limited the energy resources, because it is low profile, easy to configure, simple in design at the lowest rate. Furthermore, the combined the configuration and proposed antenna design provide the maximum energy efficiency. More simulation iterations are performed to maximize the gain of ISM band of 2.4 GHz. The operating frequency of microstrip patch antenna is 2.4GHz, which provides the gain of 7.2dB, return loss-20dB and the directivity of 7.44dB. The achieved result of source voltage is 900 mv after rectification the output voltage 2.5v. The results are efficient and suitable to overcome litter bit power crisis.

2020 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom), 2020

Inventions, 2021

The current article incorporates the numerical investigation of heat exchange rate and skin frict... more The current article incorporates the numerical investigation of heat exchange rate and skin friction carried out through nanofluid saturated with thermally balanced porous medium over a rough horizontal surface that follows the sinusoidal waves. The effects of the external magnetic field are discussed by managing the magnetic field strength applied normally to the flow pattern. The occurring partial differential governing equations are grasped through a strong numerical scheme of the Keller box method (KBM) against the various parameters. The findings are elaborated through tables and diagrams of velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number, streamlines, and heat lines. The percentage increase in Nusselt number and coefficient of skin friction over the flat and wavy surface is calculated which leads to the conclusion that the copper (Cu) nanoparticles are better selected as compared to the silver (Ag) for heat transfer enhancement. It is also evident from sketches that the c...

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2021

Abstract A new fault detection system is proposed in this study for large-scale grid-tied PV powe... more Abstract A new fault detection system is proposed in this study for large-scale grid-tied PV power plants. The fault detection system performs string level comparison of DC power of Actual PV Plant and a simulated PV plant, referred as Theoretical PV Plant. The comparison is performed with a statistical tool which distinguishes a faulty condition and identifies the nature of the fault. This statistical tool is used as outlier detector based on the William Gosset's (Student's) T-Test. The Theoretical PV Plant generates power in a simulation tool using inputs of irradiance and PV module temperature, both obtained from sensors at the Actual PV Plant. The string power of Actual PV Plant is also obtained in the simulation from the data logger in real-time environment. These string powers of Actual and Theoretical PV Plants are compared to find a faulty condition. A GUI is developed where the fault alarms appear on Real-time Status Monitor whenever a fault occurs in the Actual PV Plant. The proposed fault detection system has been validated on a 125 kWp grid-connected PV plant.

EAI Endorsed Transactions on Creative Technologies, 2021

In the market of cryptocurrency the Bitcoins are the first currency which has gain the significan... more In the market of cryptocurrency the Bitcoins are the first currency which has gain the significant importance. To predict the market price and stability of Bitcoin in Crypto-market, a machine learning based time series analysis has been applied. Time-series analysis can predict the future ups and downs in the price of Bitcoin. For this purpose we have used ARIMA, FBProphet, XG Boosting for time series analysis as a machine learning techniques. The parameters on the basis of which we have evaluated these models are Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and R 2. We conduct experiments on these three techniques but after conducting time series analysis, ARIMA considered as the best model for forecasting Bitcoin price in the crypto-market with RMSE score of 322.4 and MAE score of 227.3. Additionally, this research can be helpful for investors of crypto-market.

Advancements in Life Sciences, 2016

Background: Hepatorenal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis is a condition in which there is progressi... more Background: Hepatorenal dysfunction in liver cirrhosis is a condition in which there is progressive kidney failure. It is a serious complication that can lead to death. Endothelin is an endothelial cell-derived peptide which is involved in renal dysfunctioning by generating oxidative stress in individuals suffering from liver cirrhosis. It can be used as important biomarker of hepatorenal dysfunction. The present study was aimed to detect endothelin-2 in the blood of patients of liver cirrhosis with ascites as important biomarker correlated to the generation of oxidative stress and renal dysfunctioning. Methods: 50 blood and ascitic fluid samples were collected from the patients of liver cirrhosis with ascites as case group and 25 from normal individuals as control group. Endothelin-2 was detected by PCR in serum and ascetic fluid of patients and its quantification was done by Real-time PCR. ET-2 was quantified in serum samples but was not quantifiable in ascetic fluid might be due...

ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020

In this paper, we consider a full duplex wireless powered communication network where multiple us... more In this paper, we consider a full duplex wireless powered communication network where multiple users with RF energy harvesting capabilities communicate to a hybrid energy and information access point. An optimization framework is proposed with the objective of maximizing the sum throughput of the users subject to energy causality and maximum transmit power constraints considering a realistic energy harvesting model incorporating initial battery levels of the users. The joint optimization of power control, time allocation and scheduling is mathematically formulated as a mixed integer non linear programming problem which is hard to solve for a global optimum. The optimal power and time allocation and scheduling decisions are investigated separately based on the optimality analysis on the optimization variables. Optimal power and time allocation problem is proven to be convex for a given transmission order. Based on the derived optimality conditions, we propose a fast polynomial-time complexity heuristic algorithm. We illustrate that the proposed algorithm performs very close-to-optimal while significantly outperforming an equal time allocation based scheduling scheme.

European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2018

The current study attempted to calculate the potential gains/losses to the household income in Pa... more The current study attempted to calculate the potential gains/losses to the household income in Pakistan. The study has employed MyGTAP model which was initially developed by Minor & Walmsley (2012) and is extension of standard GTAP model. The standard GTAP model was linked with a representative household model by using the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) to capture the effects of trade liberalization on economic growth and income distribution. The study used eight different simulations to calculate the impact of trade agreements with EU, SAARC, China and India and found a significant rise in economic growth. Regardless of some limitations, the model developed in this study produced significant results that may help to explain the current debate on trade liberalization. The results of the study conclude that it is manufacturing sector that may help to improve the income of all types of household and economic growth.

This paper is about the antithetical themes regarding the existence of God in two plays “Doctor F... more This paper is about the antithetical themes regarding the existence of God in two plays “Doctor Faustus” by Christopher Marlow and “Waiting for Godot” by Samuel Backett. Both the plays represent two different ages and religious orientations. The former is a tragedy of a doctor of philosophy who pledges his soul with the Devil for the sake of attaining the power of necromancy in a flagrant disregard to God’s commandments and is damned to hellfire whereas the latter is tragicomedy that projects meaninglessness of life through characters questioning the very significance of God’s existence. Hence it is presumed that heterogeneous themes running parallel to each other might arouse different emotions in the reader. In order to examine whether such opposing themes in two different dramas exist or not, textual excerpts were analyzed, literature was reviewed, critics views were collected, and opinion of the experts in teaching literature were gathered. Finally, it is concluded that both the...

3GPP is in the process of enumerating functionality for Access Network Discovery and Selection Fu... more 3GPP is in the process of enumerating functionality for Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF). The ANDSF includes data management and control functionality which are essential for providing network discovery and selection function to the User Equipment (UE, MS, mobile station) w.r.t. operators’ policy. A lack of quantitative measures of ANDSF benefits was identified so our task is to identify these benefits. The aim of the thesis is to present ideas for how to obtain such measures and we develop a tool which implements (some of) these ideas and finally we have examples of possible results which will support such a discussion with numbers. This report also discusses different number of use case scenarios (such as ANDSF and USER) which we implement in our simulation tool. In our simulation model we use to impose preferred strategy, reduced delays and losses, and system utilization efficiency. One more thing likes to clarify that the numbers which we use in our model ...

Acta virologica, 2021

Liver cancer is the 5th most common cancer caused mainly due to the late detection of hepatitis. ... more Liver cancer is the 5th most common cancer caused mainly due to the late detection of hepatitis. Therefore, the early detection of hepatitis through genetic markers boosts effective and remedial management. In addition, to determine the occurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV), genotyping is indispensable as majority of hepatitis cases remain undiagnosed. The current study was designed to find the gene expression of proteases and proteases inhibitors in different hepatitis patients and to determine HCV genotypes mainly focusing on untypeable genotypes of HCV in Abbottabad, Pakistan. PCR was conducted to find the expression of proteases and protease inhibitors genes in hepatitis patients and healthy individuals. HCV genotyping was done by PCR based method and untypeable genotypes were sequenced and verified using online tools. Controlled individuals showed normal expression of cystatin C and leptin, low expression of cathepsin B while high expression of other studied genes including cathepsin D and G, TPP1 and serpin B1 could be seen. Hepatitis A patients showed high expression of leptin while other genes showed low expression. Hepatitis B patients revealed considerable variations in the cathepsin and cystatin C gene expression. Therefore, low cystatin C (high cathepsin B) and/or high cystatin C (low cathepsin B) levels can be regarded as a potential marker for hepatitis B. Hepatitis C infected patients showed high gene expression of cystatin C and leptin, so they could be useful markers for the diagnostics and prediction of the severity of HCV infections. While genotyping findings showed that about 45% of total PCR positive samples (110) were found to be of 3a genotype followed by 3b in 18%, 1a in 13.6% and 1b in 10%. About 9% of infections turned out to be mixed infections, whereas only 4.5% were untraceable by our genotyping system. Sequencing of untypeable genotypes and applying online tools revealed that the described untypeable genotypes of HCV were in fact variants of 3a genotype. Furthermore, full length characterization of these variants could help to classify them into types and subtypes. Keywords: hepatitis; genotyping; genes expression; proteases and protease inhibitors; ML; NJ.

Agriculture, 2021

Rice is a primary food for more than three billion people worldwide and cultivated on about 12% o... more Rice is a primary food for more than three billion people worldwide and cultivated on about 12% of the world’s arable land. However, more than 88% production is observed in Asian countries, including Pakistan. Due to higher population growth and recent climate change scenarios, it is crucial to get timely and accurate rice yield estimates and production forecast of the growing season for governments, planners, and decision makers in formulating policies regarding import/export in the event of shortfall and/or surplus. This study aims to quantify the rice yield at various phenological stages from hyper-temporal satellite-derived-vegetation indices computed from time series Sentinel-II images. Different vegetation indices (viz. NDVI, EVI, SAVI, and REP) were used to predict paddy yield. The predicted yield was validated through RMSE and ME statistical techniques. The integration of PLSR and sequential time-stamped vegetation indices accurately predicted rice yield (i.e., maximum R2 = ...

Sensors, 2021

Wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) will be a major enabler of massive machine type c... more Wireless powered communication networks (WPCNs) will be a major enabler of massive machine type communications (MTCs), which is a major service domain for 5G and beyond systems. These MTC networks will be deployed by using low-power transceivers and a very limited set of transmission configurations. We investigate a novel minimum length scheduling problem for multi-cell full-duplex wireless powered communication networks to determine the optimal power control and scheduling for constant rate transmission model. The formulated optimization problem is combinatorial in nature and, thus, difficult to solve for the global optimum. As a solution strategy, first, we decompose the problem into the power control problem (PCP) and scheduling problem. For the PCP, we propose the optimal polynomial time algorithm based on the evaluation of Perron–Frobenius conditions. For the scheduling problem, we propose a heuristic algorithm that aims to maximize the number of concurrently transmitting users...

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2019

Heavy metals are released into the environment through both human and natural sources, may have a... more Heavy metals are released into the environment through both human and natural sources, may have a direct hepatic toxicity and are involved in chronic liver diseases. Modification in the regulation of heavy metals metabolism enhanced hepatitis c virus (HCV) replication which ultimately reduced outcomes of anti-viral therapy in chronic HCV patients. Chelation therapy with new drugs seems to eradicate HCV and may prevent liver complications. The present study was planned to explore the effects of MiADMSA (lipophilic chelating agent) for achieving maximum heavy metals elimination in hepatitis c virus patients with minimum side effects. For this purpose concentration of heavy metal was determined in HCV patients and established correlation of heavy metals between healthy persons and HCV patients. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to explore them. Concentrations of heavy metal in different samples (blood serum, nails and hair) of patients and healthy individuals. Result revealed that heavy metals (Lead, Cobalt, Cadmium, Manganese, Iron and Cooper) concentration were significantly higher in blood of HCV patients as compared to normal persons, but some metals like Ni and Zn were present in normal concentration and in low concentration respectively. After chelation with monoisoamyl DMSA (MiADMSA) a significant amount of heavy metals was excreted in the urine in a dose dependent manner. It was generally observed from the results that TDS is a better treatment option than BD for chelation of heavy metals in hepatitis c virus patients. This chelation therapy will be helpful to reverse the HCV related health problems.

Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, 2019

Starting from distinguishing boundaries for monogenic functions (see Tutschke in Adv. Appl. Cliff... more Starting from distinguishing boundaries for monogenic functions (see Tutschke in Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebr 25:441-451, 2015), one can solve boundary value problems for monogenic functions (see Dao in Boundary value problems for monogenic functions in higher dimensions. Ph.D Thesis,