Salman Zubair - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Salman Zubair

PubMed, 2015

U-turn is a complex driving manoeuvre entailing 180-degree turn to change the direction of travel... more U-turn is a complex driving manoeuvre entailing 180-degree turn to change the direction of travel towards the opposite direction. A cross-sectional survey based on convenience sampling was conducted at 120 U-turns in Karachi from February to October 2013. Shopkeepers operating in the close vicinity of U-turns were interviewed. Out of the 120 U-turns studied, 87(72.5%) were without median and 33(27.5%) were with median. Weekly average number of people getting injured or dying as a result of roadside traffic accidents was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two types of U-turns; with U-turns having median having more injured and dead roadside traffic accident victims. Results from our preliminary study indicate that U-turns with medians are more likely to contribute towards road traffic accident morbidity and mortality and hence compromise road safety. Public health and transportation professionals in the country need to work in concert for ensuring that roads are safe for travelling.

University of Karachi, Karachi., 2014

International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2018

The sustainability of green spaces in any mega city like Karachi is indispensible for ecological ... more The sustainability of green spaces in any mega city like Karachi is indispensible for ecological stability. Pace of urban growth in Karachi is very fast and this city is continued to be at the risk of various environmental challenges. The abrupt land use changes and green cover depletion is one of the core issue for urban environment. Cultivated land is an important asset for the urban dwellers but unfortunately it is deteriorating at the pretext of improvement in the infrastructure facilities. The negative anthropogenic and environmental components are big challenge for managing ecological balance of Karachi. In this study state of art techniques of Geoinformatics utilized to monitor and map periodic changes of land use in SITE Town Karachi from (1992-2015) with special focus on the biomass depletion in Gutter Bagheecha during (2001-2015). Field survey was also conducted for ground truthing and collection of primary data. Comparative analysis were based on Satellite imageries of Landsat-7 and 8 TM 30 m and QuickBird 61 cm resolutions. Results revealed gross degradation in biomass in one of the ecologically rich land-used in Karachi during past 15 years. GIS technology proved very promissing for monitoring the variations of land resources such as loss of green cover or biomass due to urban expansion. Therefore, this study should be beneficial for agriculturists, Urban ecologist and town planners.

Karachi being the metropolitan city is circumscribed by various traffic problems including Road T... more Karachi being the metropolitan city is circumscribed by various traffic problems including Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs), noise pollution and air pollution. These problems are making negative impacts on life of people by triggering different chronic diseases. It is aimed to find out the percentage area and proportionate population under different level of threat. Field surveys were conducted to collect data which was subsequently geocoded and processed in GIS environment than overlay analysis were made to find out the level of threat. Spatial autocorrelation technique along with Z-statistic and P-Values were also calculated. 42%, 36% and 22% of Karachi's total population is under high, medium and low threat to these above mentioned problems respectively. However, 5%, 15% and 80% area of the city is suffering from high, medium and low risk respectively. Mass transit system is strongly needed to be launched within the city to reduce the negative outcome of traffic.

Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences, 2022

Karachi city is a coastal city near the Arabian sea. Due to its location, wind speed may provide ... more Karachi city is a coastal city near the Arabian sea. Due to its location, wind speed may provide a sustainable small scale wind energy system as well as reduction in power shortage in the city. In this study, wind speed data of Karachi Airport station at 10m height is used to estimate wind speed in the surrounding area with reference to measured wind speed data of the station. This estimated wind speed will then be helpful to assess small scale wind power generation at the unsampled locations. Geo-Statics tool in ArcGIS version 10.1 software was utilised to estimate measured wind speed using different interpolation methods. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse and compare measured and estimated wind speed. The analysis summarises the effectiveness of the estimated wind speed. Time series variations of the wind speed data was also analysed. Temporal mapping showing seasonal variations of the wind speed. The descriptive statistics illustrated a high value of correlation coeffic...

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2013

Karachi, the most populous city of Pakistan, is entangled by an ever increasing health problem of... more Karachi, the most populous city of Pakistan, is entangled by an ever increasing health problem of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) in the recent past with ranked 4th in the world stats of highest road fatalities cities. The most devastating problem is that it is affecting the most productive age group. Nearly 300 RTA victims were interviewed last year and questioned about different socio-economic aspects of road crashes. This has demonstrated that the RTAs cases were observed between the age group of 18-45 years in Karachi. The problem is not only resulting financial losses but also social burden as well as pain, grief, psychological trauma in many cases and suffering for the effects which is certainly an irreparable damage. The prime objective of this study is to highlight the spatial variation most affected age group under threat of road traffic accidents in Karachi. This has been achieved by using a stratified random sampling technique and targeting the effects of RTA. Information w...

Zeeshan Akhtar, Syed Imran Ali, Muhammad Farooq, Salman Zubair, Rasheeda Parveen, Khalid M. Khan ... more Zeeshan Akhtar, Syed Imran Ali, Muhammad Farooq, Salman Zubair, Rasheeda Parveen, Khalid M. Khan Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Karachi,Karachi-75270, Pakistan. H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. Department of Geography, University of Karachi. zakhtar@uok.edu.pk*

MATEC Web of Conferences, 2016

Humanity is suffering from numerous natural, technological and health related hazards. Urban Road... more Humanity is suffering from numerous natural, technological and health related hazards. Urban Road crash is one of the growing health issues these days in both developed and developing countries. Pakistan stands 1 st in Asia and 48 th in the world in this regard. Similarly, the metropolitan city of Pakistan, Karachi; ranks fourth in the list. Various reasons are responsible for these crashes in Karachi. Around 34% of crashes in the city were accounted due to errors in road geometry. In this study use of high resolution satellite imagery made it possible for identifying geometrical errors at the U-turns on major arteries of the city. It was also recognized that most of the U-turns were built on the fastest lane of the roads with average distance of 1.1 Km apart, are marked as vulnerable for considerable number of severe injury and fatal crashes. Moreover, inlet wall of all median U-turns were found broken, suggested that the car crash had occurred at least once. To cross check this observation, nearly 120 U-turns were surveyed and marked on the satellite imagery based on convenience. Trained professionals interviewed the people working/living nearby the U-turns. Out of 120 U-turns studied, 72.5% were without wall/median and 27.5% were with wall/median. Average number of people got injured or died due to crashes were statistically significant (p<0.05) between the above mentioned types of U-turns. In order to reduce geometrical errors use of RS (Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographical Information System) techniques are strongly suggested to be incorporated while planning road design in the city. This would certainly save the resources particularly the lives of the people.

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2015

Procedia Engineering, 2014

Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are serious but ignored problem in Pakistan. Now this problem is un... more Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are serious but ignored problem in Pakistan. Now this problem is under limelight due to disastrous impacts over society in general and over economy in particular. Karachi is considered to be the most income generating city of Pakistan. This city holds a typical feature of most road traffic accidents facing in the country and the fourth highest RTA fatalities in the world. More than 26,000 road accidents occur on the arteries of Karachi every year making it a worrisome place. Outcome of RTAs could be measured in tangible manner i.e., in term of number of life loss but intangible losses are very difficult to measure. In this paper an attempt has been made to capture the potential flaws in road geometry through Remote Sensing and embedding the land use data through the inventory of Geographic Information Systems. Moreover, overlay analysis techniques helps in identifying the high accident cost areas. In Karachi, over 35,000 vehicles are involved in crashes every year, resulting in loss of life as well as wealth. The overall repair cost over the vehicles involved in all types of RTAs in year2012 is more than 20,000,000 PKR with Landhi Town showing the highest cost. Shah Faisal Town showed the minimum repair cost of over 300,000 due to its small aerial extent and lesser number of economic land use making it a safer place for vehicle users. Moreover, map of Karachi showing the spatial pattern of vehicle repair cost. It is suggested that the serious measures need to be undertaken to combat this problem.

Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2015

Increase in road Traffic Accidents is a global phenomenon and Pakistan is no exception. In Karach... more Increase in road Traffic Accidents is a global phenomenon and Pakistan is no exception. In Karachi, this problem becomes severe due to rapid growth of population. This menace is ruining the lives of thousands of people and making Karachi a worrisome place to live. Recent road geometrical transitions in the city with insufficient accessories have been reducing the problem of traffic congestion to a limited extent. On the contrary, this has erupted as a problem of Road Traffic Accidents which is reaching out of proportions. Recently, induction of a unique feature named, Signal Free Corridor in Karachi has cost many precious lives. In this paper GIS based analysis has been employed by using buffer technique to document the number of Road Traffic Accidents on four Signal Free Corridors, evaluated for five different years. It was revealed that the minor injury accidents were highest in all four Signal Free Corridors. However, in some cases number of severe and fatal road accident cases s...

Introduction Modern development is patented by rapid urbanization, which largely negatively affec... more Introduction Modern development is patented by rapid urbanization, which largely negatively affects the quality of life. Over the past few decades in the World; in the field of urban planning and the real estate market, Mixed-use development has become a Centre of attention. Karachi is the mega city with the highest population in Pakistan. Gulshan-e Iqbal is considered an upper to upper-middle-class income group residential place where mostly vertical development is observed. Soon the area gets popular for living, and road-facing flats started to engage in Residential cum commercial activities i.e., mixed-used development problems (traffic jams, people's regular mobility, etc.) for residents arose and as the area got crowded day by day these problems became more critical. The present research aimed to examine the land-use type, and its distribution in the area of Gulshan-e-Iqbal I, and investigate the causes of the failure of Mixed-Use Neighborhood development and to prove the problem environmental impact assessment of the area have also been done. Materials and methods Object-based analyses have been conducted on a very high-resolution image of the SAS planet, Digitization has been done on the image later classified into 14 major classes. After attempting the strategic objective identification of issues causing Mobility, an inductive approach (Resident Survey) to analyze the resident perception and to validate issues raised due to mixed-use development, Environmental Impact Analysis has been done. Air Quality of study area has been done, in this regard PM 10 ppm, PM 1 ppm, PM 2.5, CO, CO2, and TVOC have been conducted for different timings. Wind Velocity has also been recorded for the same locations. Results and discussion It has been investigated that mixed-use development is spread over the entire area by different ratios i.e., 7.3% by functional land-use, 24% of mixed-use development occupied 24% of total land-use in the area. From public perception, it is concluded that most people have their cars even more than two, and 66.7% park their cars on the streets rather than inside their premises. PM10 ppm values are higher along major roads and expressways and mixeduse development zones. PM2.5 reading is higher (249-267 ppm) at the mixed-use development. The overall Gulshan e Iqbal 1 is under the influence of PM1 pollution i.e., ranged from 153 to 248 ppm. The maximum emission (67-73 ppm) of Carbon monoxide is found at ATMs. The vast spread of CO2 in the atmosphere but along the main roads and interjections * Viola Vambol,