Salwa Alsaleh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Salwa Alsaleh

arXiv: High Energy Physics - Theory, 2017

In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographi... more In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographic complexity and the thermodynamic volume. We will regularize the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity by subtracting the contribution of the background AdS spacetime from the deformation of the AdS spacetime. It will be demonstrated that this regularized fidelity susceptibility has the same behavior as the thermodynamic volume and that the regularized complexity has a very different behavior. As the information dual to different volumes in the bulk would be measured by the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity, this paper will establish a connection between thermodynamics and information dual to a volume.

This work focuses in the monitoring of trace elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spect... more This work focuses in the monitoring of trace elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the shallow water aquifers of Haier, near the capital of Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Considering that the Haier Basin is one of the main sources of irrigation at the city outskirts. Therefore this work mainly aims to identify possible risks to humans considering the relative concentration of trace elements identified. Water samples were collected from the main three groundwater wells serving the largest established farming area in the Haier region. Results showed that the concentration of S, Na, Mg, K, Si, Sr, Br, B, I, Zn, P, Li, Se, Mo, Al, Cu, U, Cr, Co, Pb, Mn, As, Cd, Hg and F were all lie within the permissible limits for irrigation purposes and drinking purposes. However, we detected elevated levels of iron (Fe) in 100% of the samples. In particular iron (Fe) showed a presence of almost 140% higher than the maximum permitted levels according to EPA and WHO for all col...

The European Physical Journal B, 2018

We will analyse the effect of time-dependent strain on a sheet of graphene by using the field the... more We will analyse the effect of time-dependent strain on a sheet of graphene by using the field theory approach. It will be demonstrated that in the continuum limit, such a strain will induce a non-abelian gauge field in graphene. We will analyse the effective field theory of such system near the Dirac points and study its topological properties.

International Journal of Modern Physics A, 2018

In this paper, we analyze the classical geometric flow as a dynamical system. We obtain an action... more In this paper, we analyze the classical geometric flow as a dynamical system. We obtain an action for this system, such that its equation of motion is the Raychaudhuri equation. This action will be used to quantize this system. As the Raychaudhuri equation is the basis for deriving the singularity theorems, we will be able to understand the effects and such a quantization will have on the classical singularity theorems. Thus, quantizing the geometric flow, we can demonstrate that a quantum space–time is complete (nonsingular). This is because the existence of a conjugate point is a necessary condition for the occurrence of singularities, and we will be able to demonstrate that such conjugate points cannot occur due to such quantum effects.

The European Physical Journal C, 2018

In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographi... more In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographic complexity and the thermodynamic volume. We will regularize the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity by subtracting the contribution of the background AdS spacetime from the deformation of the AdS spacetime. It will be demonstrated that this regularized fidelity susceptibility has the same behavior as the thermodynamic volume and that the regularized complexity has a very different behavior. As the information dual to different volumes in the bulk would be measured by the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity, this paper will establish a connection between thermodynamics and information dual to a volume.

Canadian Journal of Physics, 2019

Virtual black holes in noncommutative space–time are investigated using coordinate coherent state... more Virtual black holes in noncommutative space–time are investigated using coordinate coherent state formalism such that the event horizon of a black hole is manipulated by smearing it with a Gaussian of width [Formula: see text], where θ is the noncommutativity parameter. Proton lifetime, the main associated phenomenology of the noncommutative virtual black holes, has been studied, first in four-dimensional space–time and then generalized to D dimensions. The lifetime depends on θ and the number of space–time dimensions such that it emphasizes on the measurement of proton lifetime as a potential probe for the microstructure of space–time.

Nuclear Physics B, 2018

In this paper, we compare the quantum corrections to the Schwarzschild black hole temperature due... more In this paper, we compare the quantum corrections to the Schwarzschild black hole temperature due to quadratic and linear-quadratic generalized uncertainty principle, with the corrections from the quantum Raychaudhuri equation. The reason for this comparison is to connect the deformation parameters β0 and α0 with η which is the parameter that characterizes the quantum Raychaudhuri equation. The derived relation between the parameters appears to depend on the relative scale of the system (black hole), which could be read as a beta function equation for the quadratic deformation parameter β0. This study shows a correspondence between the two phenomenological approaches and indicates that quantum Raychaudhuri equation implies the existence of a crystal-like structure of spacetime.

EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2017

Motivated by a recent work of Scardigli, Lambiase and Vagenas (SLV), we derive the GUP parameter,... more Motivated by a recent work of Scardigli, Lambiase and Vagenas (SLV), we derive the GUP parameter, i.e. α 0 , when the GUP has a linear and quadratic term in momentum. The value of the GUP parameter is obtained by conjecturing that the GUP-deformed black hole temperature of a Schwarzschild black hole and the modified Hawking temperature of a quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black hole are the same. The leading term in both cases is the standard Hawking

EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2018

In this paper, we have constructed the Feynman path integral method for non-paraxial optics. This... more In this paper, we have constructed the Feynman path integral method for non-paraxial optics. This is done by using the mathematical analogy between a non-paraxial optical system and the generalized Schrödinger equation deformed by the existence a minimal measurable length. Using this analogy, we investigated the consequences of a minimal length in this optical system. This path integral has been used to obtain instanton solution for such a optical systems. Moreover, the Berry phase of this optical system has been investigated. These results may disclose a new way to use the path integral approach in optics. Furthermore, as such system with an intrinsic minimal length have been studied in quantum gravity, the ultra-focused optical pluses can be used as an optical analog of quantum gravity.

International Journal of Modern Physics A, 2017

In this paper, we deform the thermodynamics of a BTZ black hole from rainbow functions in gravity... more In this paper, we deform the thermodynamics of a BTZ black hole from rainbow functions in gravity’s rainbow. The rainbow functions will be motivated from the results in loop quantum gravity and noncommutative geometry. It will be observed that the thermodynamics gets deformed due to these rainbow functions, indicating the existence of a remnant. However, the Gibbs free energy does not get deformed due to these rainbow functions, and so the critical behavior from Gibbs does not change by this deformation. This is because the deformation in the entropy cancels out the temperature deformation.

The European Physical Journal C, 2017

In the Jacobson formalism general relativity is obtained from thermodynamics. This is done by usi... more In the Jacobson formalism general relativity is obtained from thermodynamics. This is done by using the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area relation. However, as a black hole gets smaller, its temperature will increase. This will cause the thermal fluctuations to also increase, and these will in turn correct the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area relation. Furthermore, with the reduction in the size of the black hole, quantum effects will also start to dominate. Just as the general relativity can be obtained from thermodynamics in the Jacobson formalism, we propose that the quantum fluctuations to the geometry can be obtained from thermal fluctuations.

EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2017

We investigate the formation of virtual black holes in the context of generalized uncertainty pri... more We investigate the formation of virtual black holes in the context of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), as a mediator for a proton decay process which is forbidden by the standard model. Then, we calculate the lower bounds of the GUP deformation parameter by the experimental bound on the half life of the proton.

International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, 2017

In this paper, we construct and calculate non-perturbative path integrals in a multiply-connected... more In this paper, we construct and calculate non-perturbative path integrals in a multiply-connected spacetime. This is done by summing over homotopy classes of paths. The topology of the spacetime is defined by Einstein–Rosen bridges (ERB) forming from the entanglement of quantum foam described by virtual black holes. As these “bubbles” are entangled, they are connected by Planckian ERBs because of the [Formula: see text] conjecture. Hence, the spacetime will possess a large first Betti number [Formula: see text]. For any compact 2-surface in the spacetime, the topology (in particular the homotopy) of that surface is non-trivial due to the large number of Planckian ERBs that define homotopy through this surface. The quantization of spacetime with this topology — along with the proper choice of the 2-surfaces — is conjectured to allow non-perturbative path integrals of quantum gravity theory over the spacetime manifold.

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2017

In this paper, a four dimensional rotating Kaluza Klien (K-K) black hole was deformed using rainb... more In this paper, a four dimensional rotating Kaluza Klien (K-K) black hole was deformed using rainbow functions derived from loop quantum gravity and non-commutative geometry. We studied the thermodynamic properties and critical phenomena of this deformed black hole. The deformed temperature and entropy showed the existence of a Planckian remnant. The calculation of Gibbs free energy G for the ordinary and deformed black holes showed that both share a similar critical behaviour.

Technologies, 2017

Casimir/squeezed vacuum breaks Lorentz symmetry, by allowing light to propagate faster than c. We... more Casimir/squeezed vacuum breaks Lorentz symmetry, by allowing light to propagate faster than c. We looked at the possible transformation symmetry group such vacuum could obey. By solving the semi-classical Einstein field equation in squeezed vacuum, we have found that the background geometry describes an Anti-deSitter (AdS) geometry. Therefore, the proper transformation symmetry group is the (A)dS group. One can describe quantum field theory in a finite volume as a quantum field theory (QFT) on AdS background, or vice versa. In particular, one might think of QFT vacuum on AdS as a QFT that posses a squeezed vacuum with boundary conditions proportional to R 2 AdS. Applying this correspondence to an accelerating detector-scalar field system, we notice at low acceleration the system is at equilibrium at ground state, however if the detector's acceleration (a) is greater than a critical acceleration, the system experience a phase transition similar to Hawking-Page Phase transition at the detector gets excited, with equivalent temperature Θ = a 2 −R 2 AdS 2π .

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2016

A covariant relativistic formalism for the electron-photon and nuclear dynamics is summarised mak... more A covariant relativistic formalism for the electron-photon and nuclear dynamics is summarised making more accurate predictions in agreement with experiments for Compton scattering in shells with large electron binding energy. An exact solution for the Dirac equation for an electron in the nuclear Coulomb field is obtained, in order to write the relativistic dynamics for this QED process. This is a preparation for the calculation of the relativistic cross-section for Compton scattering on bound electrons; as a precision test for QED.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012

ABSTRACT We calculate the Zeeman-fine energies of atomic potassium by using the energy eigenvalue... more ABSTRACT We calculate the Zeeman-fine energies of atomic potassium by using the energy eigenvalues for hydrogen-like atoms for n < 11. We find 18 different energy values and 153 wavelengths some of which are the same. The calculated wavelengths are in good agreement with the observed values for potassium atom.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012

ABSTRACT We have calculated the effective Lande-g factors, g* for the entangled states in Hydroge... more ABSTRACT We have calculated the effective Lande-g factors, g* for the entangled states in Hydrogen and Hydrogen-like atoms. We show that g* takes integer values such as 0,1,2,3,... .For (s - s) entanglement, we have g* = 0. For (s - p) entanglement, we have g* = 1 and so on. In general, for the entanglement of two states with angular momentum quantum numbers l1 and l2 we have g* =l1+l2.

arXiv: High Energy Physics - Theory, 2017

In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographi... more In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographic complexity and the thermodynamic volume. We will regularize the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity by subtracting the contribution of the background AdS spacetime from the deformation of the AdS spacetime. It will be demonstrated that this regularized fidelity susceptibility has the same behavior as the thermodynamic volume and that the regularized complexity has a very different behavior. As the information dual to different volumes in the bulk would be measured by the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity, this paper will establish a connection between thermodynamics and information dual to a volume.

This work focuses in the monitoring of trace elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spect... more This work focuses in the monitoring of trace elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the shallow water aquifers of Haier, near the capital of Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Considering that the Haier Basin is one of the main sources of irrigation at the city outskirts. Therefore this work mainly aims to identify possible risks to humans considering the relative concentration of trace elements identified. Water samples were collected from the main three groundwater wells serving the largest established farming area in the Haier region. Results showed that the concentration of S, Na, Mg, K, Si, Sr, Br, B, I, Zn, P, Li, Se, Mo, Al, Cu, U, Cr, Co, Pb, Mn, As, Cd, Hg and F were all lie within the permissible limits for irrigation purposes and drinking purposes. However, we detected elevated levels of iron (Fe) in 100% of the samples. In particular iron (Fe) showed a presence of almost 140% higher than the maximum permitted levels according to EPA and WHO for all col...

The European Physical Journal B, 2018

We will analyse the effect of time-dependent strain on a sheet of graphene by using the field the... more We will analyse the effect of time-dependent strain on a sheet of graphene by using the field theory approach. It will be demonstrated that in the continuum limit, such a strain will induce a non-abelian gauge field in graphene. We will analyse the effective field theory of such system near the Dirac points and study its topological properties.

International Journal of Modern Physics A, 2018

In this paper, we analyze the classical geometric flow as a dynamical system. We obtain an action... more In this paper, we analyze the classical geometric flow as a dynamical system. We obtain an action for this system, such that its equation of motion is the Raychaudhuri equation. This action will be used to quantize this system. As the Raychaudhuri equation is the basis for deriving the singularity theorems, we will be able to understand the effects and such a quantization will have on the classical singularity theorems. Thus, quantizing the geometric flow, we can demonstrate that a quantum space–time is complete (nonsingular). This is because the existence of a conjugate point is a necessary condition for the occurrence of singularities, and we will be able to demonstrate that such conjugate points cannot occur due to such quantum effects.

The European Physical Journal C, 2018

In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographi... more In this paper, we will analyze the connection between the fidelity susceptibility, the holographic complexity and the thermodynamic volume. We will regularize the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity by subtracting the contribution of the background AdS spacetime from the deformation of the AdS spacetime. It will be demonstrated that this regularized fidelity susceptibility has the same behavior as the thermodynamic volume and that the regularized complexity has a very different behavior. As the information dual to different volumes in the bulk would be measured by the fidelity susceptibility and the holographic complexity, this paper will establish a connection between thermodynamics and information dual to a volume.

Canadian Journal of Physics, 2019

Virtual black holes in noncommutative space–time are investigated using coordinate coherent state... more Virtual black holes in noncommutative space–time are investigated using coordinate coherent state formalism such that the event horizon of a black hole is manipulated by smearing it with a Gaussian of width [Formula: see text], where θ is the noncommutativity parameter. Proton lifetime, the main associated phenomenology of the noncommutative virtual black holes, has been studied, first in four-dimensional space–time and then generalized to D dimensions. The lifetime depends on θ and the number of space–time dimensions such that it emphasizes on the measurement of proton lifetime as a potential probe for the microstructure of space–time.

Nuclear Physics B, 2018

In this paper, we compare the quantum corrections to the Schwarzschild black hole temperature due... more In this paper, we compare the quantum corrections to the Schwarzschild black hole temperature due to quadratic and linear-quadratic generalized uncertainty principle, with the corrections from the quantum Raychaudhuri equation. The reason for this comparison is to connect the deformation parameters β0 and α0 with η which is the parameter that characterizes the quantum Raychaudhuri equation. The derived relation between the parameters appears to depend on the relative scale of the system (black hole), which could be read as a beta function equation for the quadratic deformation parameter β0. This study shows a correspondence between the two phenomenological approaches and indicates that quantum Raychaudhuri equation implies the existence of a crystal-like structure of spacetime.

EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2017

Motivated by a recent work of Scardigli, Lambiase and Vagenas (SLV), we derive the GUP parameter,... more Motivated by a recent work of Scardigli, Lambiase and Vagenas (SLV), we derive the GUP parameter, i.e. α 0 , when the GUP has a linear and quadratic term in momentum. The value of the GUP parameter is obtained by conjecturing that the GUP-deformed black hole temperature of a Schwarzschild black hole and the modified Hawking temperature of a quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black hole are the same. The leading term in both cases is the standard Hawking

EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2018

In this paper, we have constructed the Feynman path integral method for non-paraxial optics. This... more In this paper, we have constructed the Feynman path integral method for non-paraxial optics. This is done by using the mathematical analogy between a non-paraxial optical system and the generalized Schrödinger equation deformed by the existence a minimal measurable length. Using this analogy, we investigated the consequences of a minimal length in this optical system. This path integral has been used to obtain instanton solution for such a optical systems. Moreover, the Berry phase of this optical system has been investigated. These results may disclose a new way to use the path integral approach in optics. Furthermore, as such system with an intrinsic minimal length have been studied in quantum gravity, the ultra-focused optical pluses can be used as an optical analog of quantum gravity.

International Journal of Modern Physics A, 2017

In this paper, we deform the thermodynamics of a BTZ black hole from rainbow functions in gravity... more In this paper, we deform the thermodynamics of a BTZ black hole from rainbow functions in gravity’s rainbow. The rainbow functions will be motivated from the results in loop quantum gravity and noncommutative geometry. It will be observed that the thermodynamics gets deformed due to these rainbow functions, indicating the existence of a remnant. However, the Gibbs free energy does not get deformed due to these rainbow functions, and so the critical behavior from Gibbs does not change by this deformation. This is because the deformation in the entropy cancels out the temperature deformation.

The European Physical Journal C, 2017

In the Jacobson formalism general relativity is obtained from thermodynamics. This is done by usi... more In the Jacobson formalism general relativity is obtained from thermodynamics. This is done by using the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area relation. However, as a black hole gets smaller, its temperature will increase. This will cause the thermal fluctuations to also increase, and these will in turn correct the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy-area relation. Furthermore, with the reduction in the size of the black hole, quantum effects will also start to dominate. Just as the general relativity can be obtained from thermodynamics in the Jacobson formalism, we propose that the quantum fluctuations to the geometry can be obtained from thermal fluctuations.

EPL (Europhysics Letters), 2017

We investigate the formation of virtual black holes in the context of generalized uncertainty pri... more We investigate the formation of virtual black holes in the context of generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), as a mediator for a proton decay process which is forbidden by the standard model. Then, we calculate the lower bounds of the GUP deformation parameter by the experimental bound on the half life of the proton.

International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics, 2017

In this paper, we construct and calculate non-perturbative path integrals in a multiply-connected... more In this paper, we construct and calculate non-perturbative path integrals in a multiply-connected spacetime. This is done by summing over homotopy classes of paths. The topology of the spacetime is defined by Einstein–Rosen bridges (ERB) forming from the entanglement of quantum foam described by virtual black holes. As these “bubbles” are entangled, they are connected by Planckian ERBs because of the [Formula: see text] conjecture. Hence, the spacetime will possess a large first Betti number [Formula: see text]. For any compact 2-surface in the spacetime, the topology (in particular the homotopy) of that surface is non-trivial due to the large number of Planckian ERBs that define homotopy through this surface. The quantization of spacetime with this topology — along with the proper choice of the 2-surfaces — is conjectured to allow non-perturbative path integrals of quantum gravity theory over the spacetime manifold.

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2017

In this paper, a four dimensional rotating Kaluza Klien (K-K) black hole was deformed using rainb... more In this paper, a four dimensional rotating Kaluza Klien (K-K) black hole was deformed using rainbow functions derived from loop quantum gravity and non-commutative geometry. We studied the thermodynamic properties and critical phenomena of this deformed black hole. The deformed temperature and entropy showed the existence of a Planckian remnant. The calculation of Gibbs free energy G for the ordinary and deformed black holes showed that both share a similar critical behaviour.

Technologies, 2017

Casimir/squeezed vacuum breaks Lorentz symmetry, by allowing light to propagate faster than c. We... more Casimir/squeezed vacuum breaks Lorentz symmetry, by allowing light to propagate faster than c. We looked at the possible transformation symmetry group such vacuum could obey. By solving the semi-classical Einstein field equation in squeezed vacuum, we have found that the background geometry describes an Anti-deSitter (AdS) geometry. Therefore, the proper transformation symmetry group is the (A)dS group. One can describe quantum field theory in a finite volume as a quantum field theory (QFT) on AdS background, or vice versa. In particular, one might think of QFT vacuum on AdS as a QFT that posses a squeezed vacuum with boundary conditions proportional to R 2 AdS. Applying this correspondence to an accelerating detector-scalar field system, we notice at low acceleration the system is at equilibrium at ground state, however if the detector's acceleration (a) is greater than a critical acceleration, the system experience a phase transition similar to Hawking-Page Phase transition at the detector gets excited, with equivalent temperature Θ = a 2 −R 2 AdS 2π .

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2016

A covariant relativistic formalism for the electron-photon and nuclear dynamics is summarised mak... more A covariant relativistic formalism for the electron-photon and nuclear dynamics is summarised making more accurate predictions in agreement with experiments for Compton scattering in shells with large electron binding energy. An exact solution for the Dirac equation for an electron in the nuclear Coulomb field is obtained, in order to write the relativistic dynamics for this QED process. This is a preparation for the calculation of the relativistic cross-section for Compton scattering on bound electrons; as a precision test for QED.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012

ABSTRACT We calculate the Zeeman-fine energies of atomic potassium by using the energy eigenvalue... more ABSTRACT We calculate the Zeeman-fine energies of atomic potassium by using the energy eigenvalues for hydrogen-like atoms for n < 11. We find 18 different energy values and 153 wavelengths some of which are the same. The calculated wavelengths are in good agreement with the observed values for potassium atom.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012

ABSTRACT We have calculated the effective Lande-g factors, g* for the entangled states in Hydroge... more ABSTRACT We have calculated the effective Lande-g factors, g* for the entangled states in Hydrogen and Hydrogen-like atoms. We show that g* takes integer values such as 0,1,2,3,... .For (s - s) entanglement, we have g* = 0. For (s - p) entanglement, we have g* = 1 and so on. In general, for the entanglement of two states with angular momentum quantum numbers l1 and l2 we have g* =l1+l2.