Samir Bouzid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Samir Bouzid
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 2004
Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. Th... more Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. The diagnosis of M. ulcerans infection is hampered by the slow growth of the bacterium in culture, implying a delay of several weeks before a specific diagnosis can be obtained. In Côte d'Ivoire the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer is almost based on clinical features. During the last decade, many studies have demonstrated the extremely high capacity of PCR for rapidly and specifically detecting bacteria and genes of interest. That ability has revealed PCR as a powerful tool in clinical microbiology studies. In this study we evaluated the M. ulcerans detection in specimens of exudates and biopsies collected from patients clinically suspected of Buruli ulcer and treated in "Raoul Follereau" centre of Manikro in the North-central region of Côte d'Ivoire. The microscopic research of BAAR in 185 swabs loaded with skin lesions collected from these patients showed a positive rate of 1...
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella an... more The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella antibodies were present in 82% of the pregnant women and 18% were seronegative. Most of seronegative women were less than twenty years old, nulliparous, on first period of gestation and in low socioeconomical conditions.
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2000
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 1993
Summary The authors report the results of bacteriological analysis of vaginal discharges on 121 g... more Summary The authors report the results of bacteriological analysis of vaginal discharges on 121 girls. Among those discharges 50 % were vulvo-vaginitis according to biological criteria. 30 % were due to genital specific pathogenesis. Most specific bacteria isolated were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (23 %), Candida albicans (2,5 %), Trichomonas vaginalis (1,6 %), Gardnerella vaginalis (2,5 %).
Chemotherapy, 2001
Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INHR/INHR, 12: INHR/RIFS, 10: INHS/RIFS) were exami... more Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INHR/INHR, 12: INHR/RIFS, 10: INHS/RIFS) were examined against MICs of epiroprim (EPM) and isoniazid (INH) separately or in association. EPM alone proved to be insufficiently active against the various mycobacterial isolates (MIC ≧256 µg/ml). The observed average sensitivity to the association of EPM plus INH was, in contrast, considerably increased, as reflected by reduced MICs and lower percentages of resistant strains. MICs ranged between 16 and 32 µg/ml EPM and 2 and 4 µg/ml INH for INHR strains. All INHS isolates were inhibited by a concentration of 0.125 µg/ml EPM and 0.06 µg/ml INH. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated an additive activity on INHR/RIFR strains and a synergistic activity on INHR/RIFS and INHS/RIFS strains. The synergistic activity of this drug association needs to be confirmed in an animal model.
Annals of Tropical Paediatrics: International Child Health, 2001
Background. To assist the Central African Republic (CAR) develop national guidelines for treating... more Background. To assist the Central African Republic (CAR) develop national guidelines for treating children with pneumonia, a survey was conducted to determine antimicrobial resistance rates of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and Haemophilus influenzae (HI). Secondary purposes of the survey were to identify risk factors associated with carriage of a resistant isolate and to compare the survey methods of including only children with pneumonia vs. including all ill children. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of 371 ill children was conducted at 2 outpatient clinics in Bangui, CAR. Results. In all 272 SP isolates and 73 HI isolates were cultured. SP resistance rates to penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), tetracycline and chloramphenicol were 8.8, 6.3, 42.3 and 9.2%, respectively. All penicillin-resistant SP isolates were intermediately resistant. HI resistance rates to ampicillin, TMP-SMX and chloramphenicol were 1.4, 12.3 and 0%, respectively. The most common SP serotypes/groups were 19, 14, 6 and 1; 49% of HI isolates were type b. History of antimicrobial use in the previous 7 days was the only factor associated with carriage of a resistant isolate. Resistance rates were similar among ill children regardless of whether they had pneumonia. Conclusions. Resistance rates were low for antimicrobials recommended by the World Health Organization for children with pneumonia. We recommended TMP-SMX as the first line treatment for pneumonia in CAR because of its low cost, ease of dosing and activity against malaria.
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually tr... more 6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually transmitted diseases. Germs of vaginitis were isolated with prevalence as following: C. albicans 25%, G. vaginalis 17.4%, T. vaginalis 8.2%. Cervicitis with N. gonorrhoeae represented 3.2% of cases.
A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d’Ivoire to study risk f... more A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d’Ivoire to study risk factors for Buruli ulcer. A case was defined as a Buruli ulcer occurring less than one year before the date of survey, resident in one of the regions investigated and there was no history of Buruli ulcer illness. Controls were selected from the general population by a two stage cluster sampling method. A total of 116 cases and 116 controls were included. For the cases, the male/female sex ratio was 0.84, the median age was 19.5 years and 40.5 % were children 15 years. Biological results were obtained for 86 (74%) cases using skin exudate samples. Positive rates were 22.0, 22.1 and 27.9 % respectively for smear examination, culture and PCR IS2404, respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, no history of BCG vaccination (ORa = 5.0, CI 1.7- 14.3), presence of a case 15 years (ORa = 8.3, CI 2.8-24.1), having a river/lake/dam near the housing (ORa = 4.4, CI 1.6- 12.2) and the type...
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 2004
Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. Th... more Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. The diagnosis of M. ulcerans infection is hampered by the slow growth of the bacterium in culture, implying a delay of several weeks before a specific diagnosis can be obtained. In Côte d'Ivoire the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer is almost based on clinical features. During the last decade, many studies have demonstrated the extremely high capacity of PCR for rapidly and specifically detecting bacteria and genes of interest. That ability has revealed PCR as a powerful tool in clinical microbiology studies. In this study we evaluated the M. ulcerans detection in specimens of exudates and biopsies collected from patients clinically suspected of Buruli ulcer and treated in "Raoul Follereau" centre of Manikro in the North-central region of Côte d'Ivoire. The microscopic research of BAAR in 185 swabs loaded with skin lesions collected from these patients showed a positive rate of 1...
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually tr... more 6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually transmitted diseases. Germs of vaginitis were isolated with prevalence as following: C. albicans 25%, G. vaginalis 17.4%, T. vaginalis 8.2%. Cervicitis with N. gonorrhoeae represented 3.2% of cases.
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella an... more The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella antibodies were present in 82% of the pregnant women and 18% were seronegative. Most of seronegative women were less than twenty years old, nulliparous, on first period of gestation and in low socioeconomical conditions.
A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d'Ivoire to study risk f... more A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d'Ivoire to study risk factors for Buruli ulcer. A case was defined as a Buruli ulcer occurring less than one year before the date of survey, resident in one of the regions investigated and there was no history of Buruli ulcer illness. Controls were selected from the general population by a two stage cluster sampling method. A total of 116 cases and 116 controls were included. For the cases, the male/female sex ratio was 0.84, the median age was 19.5 years and 40.5% were children 15 years. Biological results were obtained for 86 (74%) cases using skin exudate samples. Positive rates were 22.0, 22.1 and 27.9% respectively for smear examination, culture and PCR IS2404, respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, no history of BCG vaccination (OR a , presence of a case 15 years (OR a = 8.3, CI 2.8 -24.1), having a river/lake/dam near the housing (OR a = 4.4, CI 1.6 -12.2) and the type of place for fishing (p = 0.001) were associated with illness. Young children and women having daily water related activities were most at risk. Swab samples were not sensitive enough for Buruli ulcer diagnosis. There is an urgent need for a rapid field test to diagnosis Buruli Ulcer as PCR IS2404 remains expensive for most of the endemic countries.
Chemotherapy, 2001
Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INH(R)/INH(R), 12: INH(R)/RIF(S), 10: INH(S)/RIF(S)... more Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INH(R)/INH(R), 12: INH(R)/RIF(S), 10: INH(S)/RIF(S)) were examined against MICs of epiroprim (EPM) and isoniazid (INH) separately or in association. EPM alone proved to be insufficiently active against the various mycobacterial isolates (MIC > or =256 microg/ml). The observed average sensitivity to the association of EPM plus INH was, in contrast, considerably increased, as reflected by reduced MICs and lower percentages of resistant strains. MICs ranged between 16 and 32 microg/ml EPM and 2 and 4 microg/ml INH for INH(R) strains. All INH(S) isolates were inhibited by a concentration of 0.125 microg/ml EPM and 0.06 microg/ml INH. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated an additive activity on INH(R)/RIF(R) strains and a synergistic activity on INH(R)/RIF(S) and INH(S)/RIF(S) strains. The synergistic activity of this drug association needs to be confirmed in an animal model.
Annals of Tropical Paediatrics: International Child Health, 2001
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is of growing public h... more The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is of growing public health concern. The aim of this study was to assess resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. Between November 1997 and February 1998 in a community health centre in Marcory, an Abidjan suburb, 138 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from the nasopharynxes of 218 apparently healthy children aged 3-60 months. The sensitivity of the isolates was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method. In isolates with a possibly abnormal sensitivity to the Kirby-Bauer test, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were estimated using the E-test. Antimicrobials tested included penicillin G, amoxycillin, cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampicin and vancomycin. Twelve of 108 isolates (8.7%) had reduced sensitivity to penicillin G, and in three of them the MIC for penicillin reached at least 2 micrograms/ml. Resistance to amoxycillin and cefotaxime was lower than to penicillin (2.2%). With regard to cotrimoxazole, 37% were moderately resistant and 15.2% highly resistant. The lowest resistance rate observed was to rifampicin (2.2%) and the highest was to tetracycline (57.2%). Rates of resistance to erythromycin and chloramphenicol were 11.6% and 2.9%. All strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 9.4% of S. pneumoniae isolates. In children, epidemiological surveillance of resistance can be monitored by bacteriological surveys, as shown in this study.
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2000
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 2004
Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. Th... more Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. The diagnosis of M. ulcerans infection is hampered by the slow growth of the bacterium in culture, implying a delay of several weeks before a specific diagnosis can be obtained. In Côte d'Ivoire the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer is almost based on clinical features. During the last decade, many studies have demonstrated the extremely high capacity of PCR for rapidly and specifically detecting bacteria and genes of interest. That ability has revealed PCR as a powerful tool in clinical microbiology studies. In this study we evaluated the M. ulcerans detection in specimens of exudates and biopsies collected from patients clinically suspected of Buruli ulcer and treated in "Raoul Follereau" centre of Manikro in the North-central region of Côte d'Ivoire. The microscopic research of BAAR in 185 swabs loaded with skin lesions collected from these patients showed a positive rate of 1...
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella an... more The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella antibodies were present in 82% of the pregnant women and 18% were seronegative. Most of seronegative women were less than twenty years old, nulliparous, on first period of gestation and in low socioeconomical conditions.
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2000
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 1993
Summary The authors report the results of bacteriological analysis of vaginal discharges on 121 g... more Summary The authors report the results of bacteriological analysis of vaginal discharges on 121 girls. Among those discharges 50 % were vulvo-vaginitis according to biological criteria. 30 % were due to genital specific pathogenesis. Most specific bacteria isolated were Neisseria gonorrhoeae (23 %), Candida albicans (2,5 %), Trichomonas vaginalis (1,6 %), Gardnerella vaginalis (2,5 %).
Chemotherapy, 2001
Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INHR/INHR, 12: INHR/RIFS, 10: INHS/RIFS) were exami... more Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INHR/INHR, 12: INHR/RIFS, 10: INHS/RIFS) were examined against MICs of epiroprim (EPM) and isoniazid (INH) separately or in association. EPM alone proved to be insufficiently active against the various mycobacterial isolates (MIC ≧256 µg/ml). The observed average sensitivity to the association of EPM plus INH was, in contrast, considerably increased, as reflected by reduced MICs and lower percentages of resistant strains. MICs ranged between 16 and 32 µg/ml EPM and 2 and 4 µg/ml INH for INHR strains. All INHS isolates were inhibited by a concentration of 0.125 µg/ml EPM and 0.06 µg/ml INH. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated an additive activity on INHR/RIFR strains and a synergistic activity on INHR/RIFS and INHS/RIFS strains. The synergistic activity of this drug association needs to be confirmed in an animal model.
Annals of Tropical Paediatrics: International Child Health, 2001
Background. To assist the Central African Republic (CAR) develop national guidelines for treating... more Background. To assist the Central African Republic (CAR) develop national guidelines for treating children with pneumonia, a survey was conducted to determine antimicrobial resistance rates of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) and Haemophilus influenzae (HI). Secondary purposes of the survey were to identify risk factors associated with carriage of a resistant isolate and to compare the survey methods of including only children with pneumonia vs. including all ill children. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of 371 ill children was conducted at 2 outpatient clinics in Bangui, CAR. Results. In all 272 SP isolates and 73 HI isolates were cultured. SP resistance rates to penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), tetracycline and chloramphenicol were 8.8, 6.3, 42.3 and 9.2%, respectively. All penicillin-resistant SP isolates were intermediately resistant. HI resistance rates to ampicillin, TMP-SMX and chloramphenicol were 1.4, 12.3 and 0%, respectively. The most common SP serotypes/groups were 19, 14, 6 and 1; 49% of HI isolates were type b. History of antimicrobial use in the previous 7 days was the only factor associated with carriage of a resistant isolate. Resistance rates were similar among ill children regardless of whether they had pneumonia. Conclusions. Resistance rates were low for antimicrobials recommended by the World Health Organization for children with pneumonia. We recommended TMP-SMX as the first line treatment for pneumonia in CAR because of its low cost, ease of dosing and activity against malaria.
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually tr... more 6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually transmitted diseases. Germs of vaginitis were isolated with prevalence as following: C. albicans 25%, G. vaginalis 17.4%, T. vaginalis 8.2%. Cervicitis with N. gonorrhoeae represented 3.2% of cases.
A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d’Ivoire to study risk f... more A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d’Ivoire to study risk factors for Buruli ulcer. A case was defined as a Buruli ulcer occurring less than one year before the date of survey, resident in one of the regions investigated and there was no history of Buruli ulcer illness. Controls were selected from the general population by a two stage cluster sampling method. A total of 116 cases and 116 controls were included. For the cases, the male/female sex ratio was 0.84, the median age was 19.5 years and 40.5 % were children 15 years. Biological results were obtained for 86 (74%) cases using skin exudate samples. Positive rates were 22.0, 22.1 and 27.9 % respectively for smear examination, culture and PCR IS2404, respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, no history of BCG vaccination (ORa = 5.0, CI 1.7- 14.3), presence of a case 15 years (ORa = 8.3, CI 2.8-24.1), having a river/lake/dam near the housing (ORa = 4.4, CI 1.6- 12.2) and the type...
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 2004
Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. Th... more Mycobacterium ulcerans skin ulceration is a major issue of public health in Côte d'Ivoire. The diagnosis of M. ulcerans infection is hampered by the slow growth of the bacterium in culture, implying a delay of several weeks before a specific diagnosis can be obtained. In Côte d'Ivoire the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer is almost based on clinical features. During the last decade, many studies have demonstrated the extremely high capacity of PCR for rapidly and specifically detecting bacteria and genes of interest. That ability has revealed PCR as a powerful tool in clinical microbiology studies. In this study we evaluated the M. ulcerans detection in specimens of exudates and biopsies collected from patients clinically suspected of Buruli ulcer and treated in "Raoul Follereau" centre of Manikro in the North-central region of Côte d'Ivoire. The microscopic research of BAAR in 185 swabs loaded with skin lesions collected from these patients showed a positive rate of 1...
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually tr... more 6,603 women with vaginal discharges were investigated for genital infection with four sexually transmitted diseases. Germs of vaginitis were isolated with prevalence as following: C. albicans 25%, G. vaginalis 17.4%, T. vaginalis 8.2%. Cervicitis with N. gonorrhoeae represented 3.2% of cases.
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique (1990), 1993
The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella an... more The authors report the results of a seroepidemiological study of rubella in pregnancy. Rubella antibodies were present in 82% of the pregnant women and 18% were seronegative. Most of seronegative women were less than twenty years old, nulliparous, on first period of gestation and in low socioeconomical conditions.
A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d'Ivoire to study risk f... more A case-control study was carried out in 3 highly endemic regions of Côte d'Ivoire to study risk factors for Buruli ulcer. A case was defined as a Buruli ulcer occurring less than one year before the date of survey, resident in one of the regions investigated and there was no history of Buruli ulcer illness. Controls were selected from the general population by a two stage cluster sampling method. A total of 116 cases and 116 controls were included. For the cases, the male/female sex ratio was 0.84, the median age was 19.5 years and 40.5% were children 15 years. Biological results were obtained for 86 (74%) cases using skin exudate samples. Positive rates were 22.0, 22.1 and 27.9% respectively for smear examination, culture and PCR IS2404, respectively. After adjusting for possible confounders, no history of BCG vaccination (OR a , presence of a case 15 years (OR a = 8.3, CI 2.8 -24.1), having a river/lake/dam near the housing (OR a = 4.4, CI 1.6 -12.2) and the type of place for fishing (p = 0.001) were associated with illness. Young children and women having daily water related activities were most at risk. Swab samples were not sensitive enough for Buruli ulcer diagnosis. There is an urgent need for a rapid field test to diagnosis Buruli Ulcer as PCR IS2404 remains expensive for most of the endemic countries.
Chemotherapy, 2001
Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INH(R)/INH(R), 12: INH(R)/RIF(S), 10: INH(S)/RIF(S)... more Thirty Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (8: INH(R)/INH(R), 12: INH(R)/RIF(S), 10: INH(S)/RIF(S)) were examined against MICs of epiroprim (EPM) and isoniazid (INH) separately or in association. EPM alone proved to be insufficiently active against the various mycobacterial isolates (MIC > or =256 microg/ml). The observed average sensitivity to the association of EPM plus INH was, in contrast, considerably increased, as reflected by reduced MICs and lower percentages of resistant strains. MICs ranged between 16 and 32 microg/ml EPM and 2 and 4 microg/ml INH for INH(R) strains. All INH(S) isolates were inhibited by a concentration of 0.125 microg/ml EPM and 0.06 microg/ml INH. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices indicated an additive activity on INH(R)/RIF(R) strains and a synergistic activity on INH(R)/RIF(S) and INH(S)/RIF(S) strains. The synergistic activity of this drug association needs to be confirmed in an animal model.
Annals of Tropical Paediatrics: International Child Health, 2001
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is of growing public h... more The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae is of growing public health concern. The aim of this study was to assess resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. Between November 1997 and February 1998 in a community health centre in Marcory, an Abidjan suburb, 138 S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from the nasopharynxes of 218 apparently healthy children aged 3-60 months. The sensitivity of the isolates was tested using the Kirby-Bauer method. In isolates with a possibly abnormal sensitivity to the Kirby-Bauer test, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were estimated using the E-test. Antimicrobials tested included penicillin G, amoxycillin, cefotaxime, cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, rifampicin and vancomycin. Twelve of 108 isolates (8.7%) had reduced sensitivity to penicillin G, and in three of them the MIC for penicillin reached at least 2 micrograms/ml. Resistance to amoxycillin and cefotaxime was lower than to penicillin (2.2%). With regard to cotrimoxazole, 37% were moderately resistant and 15.2% highly resistant. The lowest resistance rate observed was to rifampicin (2.2%) and the highest was to tetracycline (57.2%). Rates of resistance to erythromycin and chloramphenicol were 11.6% and 2.9%. All strains were sensitive to vancomycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 9.4% of S. pneumoniae isolates. In children, epidemiological surveillance of resistance can be monitored by bacteriological surveys, as shown in this study.
Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses, 2000