Samir Singru - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Samir Singru
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) carry significant public health importance. After emergence ... more Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) carry significant public health importance. After emergence of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), there is an increased reporting of STDs. Understanding about the STDs is highly essential for prescribing correct treatment. Evaluation of a patient suffering from sexually transmitted disease needs specific considerations and due cautions. Like any other medical illnesses, sexually transmitted diseases need thorough evaluation by careful history taking, detailed physical examination with focus on local (examination of the lesion and genitalia) examination and specific microbiological investigation. There is a need for collaborative approach between the microbiologist and the clinicians for holistic assessment of the patients with sexually transmitted diseases. Introduction The terms ‘Sexually transmitted diseases’ and ‘Sexually transmitted infections’ are frequently used interchangeably; however, there exists conceptual differences between ...
Role of red cell distribution width in classifying microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2011
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytos... more Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytosis. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of RDW in differentiating iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) from thalassaemia trait. There were 500 patients who were screened for the study. Selection criteria of microcytic anaemia were Hb < 13 g/dl in males, Hb < 12 g/dl in females with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80fl. These cases were subjected to complete iron profile and haemoglobin chromatography for definite diagnosis. The values of RDW were analysed in all these cases to see the utility of RDW in classifying microcytic anaemia; especially differentiating iron deficiency anaemia from thalassaemia minor cases. There were 133 out of 500 cases anaemic; 105/133 cases had microcytic anaemia, of which 53 had iron deficiency anaemia, 39 were thalassaemia traits, 6 were thalassaemia major, and 7 had other haemoglobinopathies. Thirty-six cases (67.92%) out of 53 iron deficiency an...
Avena sativa is the scientific name of grass commonly known as oats and ‘‘Jai’’, ‘‘Javi’ or jau i... more Avena sativa is the scientific name of grass commonly known as oats and ‘‘Jai’’, ‘‘Javi’ or jau in Hindi. Oats recently has gained attention because of its various health benefits which are very important especially for a country in a transitional state like India who is faced by the double edged sword of under nutrition and over nutrition. In India, Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are the fast emerging public health problems. Stress, sedentary life style, mechanization and long working hours all contribute to it. Since all the above mentioned diseases are of multifactorial origin and linked with each other, the common interventions targeting all of them will be the most successful strategy in preventing or at least slowing the pathogenesis of the same. Role of fibre in diet is important in reducing cholesterol, sugar and inducing a sense of satiety. Various studies have shown the benefit of dietary fibre. Among cereals, the highest content (g per 1...
Gender-Does it affect BT ( Bleeding Time ) or CT ( Clotting Time ) : A cross sectional study in medical students
Background: Bleeding time (BT) and Clotting time (CT) assess the integrity of haemostatic mechani... more Background: Bleeding time (BT) and Clotting time (CT) assess the integrity of haemostatic mechanisms. Haemostasis is the arrest of bleeding. Bleeding time depends on the effectiveness of vasoconstriction as well as platelet plug formation, while Clotting time depends upon the effectiveness of clotting mechanism. Earlier studies done on this showed the conflicting results and conclusion. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify whether there is any gender difference as between Bleeding time and Clotting time. Method: This was a cross sectional study including 433, undergraduate medical students of age group 17 to 20 years. Bleeding time (by Duke’s filter paper method) and Clotting time (by Wright’s capillary tube method) was determined after obtaining an informed consent from the students. Result and conclusion: Our study revealed the value of CT was little higher in males but this difference was not statistically significant. Also BT was higher in females as compare t...
Some issues in vaccination scene in India
Introduction: As age advances there is increased morbidity and functional loss. A variety of depr... more Introduction: As age advances there is increased morbidity and functional loss. A variety of depressive factors and occurrence of varying life events, greatly impact on one’s psychological status, making the elderly more prone to depression. Decreased care & attention, economic dependence and unorganised geriatric health services are adding to the morbidity. Objective: To study the prevalence of depression risk in the elderly population aged 65 yrs and above and identify various risk factors. Material & Methods: Study design: Cross sectional study. Study area: Urban field practice area of SKNMC & GH. Sample size and sampling technique: with 95 % confidence interval & 5 % alpha sample size was calculated to be 374 by using Epi info software version 7.1.2.0. Stratified Simple random sampling technique used. Study tool: Sociodemographic profile recorded & depression was assessed with geriatric depression scale15. GCP and ethical guidelines followed as advised for human studies. Results...
Effect of Lockdown on Teaching-Learning Process: A Students Perspective
Journal of Medical Sciences and Health
SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science
Background and objectives: In the developing countries, the problem of human immunodeficiency vir... more Background and objectives: In the developing countries, the problem of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is serious. The burden of this disease in the developing countries cannot be estimated only from the disease morbidity and mortality. Children orphaned by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) are one of the most fearful but yet unnoticed problem in our Indian community. This study aims to assess the health profile of HIV positive orphans in relation to physical health of HIV orphans. The objectives of the study were to assess the physical health profile of HIV positive orphans with respect to nutritional status and presence of opportunistic infections in HIV positive orphans of selected orphanages. Materials and methods: Design of the study was cross-sectional. The study was carried out from September 2013 to March 2015. With convenient sampling, two orphanages exclusively for HIV positive orphans were selected. The total number of orphans from both the orphanages was 84. The universal sampling method was used and all the HIV positive orphans were included in the study. Physical health of the HIV positive orphans was assessed by medical examination conducted by the investigator, anthropometry, and additional information procured from medical records of the orphans. Presence of any opportunistic infection was assessed by opportunistic infection checklist. Results and conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that 22 orphan children (26%) were underweight. It was observed that the total number of orphan children having opportunistic infection was 21 (25%) and the most common opportunistic infection was pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (8, 38%).
Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a teaching hospital in Mumbai, India.(Original Article)(Report)(Statistical data)
Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2008
Various Anthropometric Methods of Assessment of Nutritional Status in Under Five Children
Indian Medical Gazette, Sep 1, 2012
A study to assess the use of Bangle test for screening of malnutrition in children attending Anganwadi
Indian Medical Gazette, Mar 1, 2011
Leprosy elimination :The count down has begun
Indian medical gazette
Tuberculosis Control:Todays challenge
Indian medical gazette
Controversies in vaccination scene in India Authors Samir A Singru Publication date 2014/4
Gender equality in primary immunisation
Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2015
Context: Immunization, a well-known and effective method of preventing childhood illnesses is bas... more Context: Immunization, a well-known and effective method of preventing childhood illnesses is basic service under primary health care. Most surveys in India measure primary immunization coverage and quality, but no Gender Equality. Aims: Assess Gender Equality in primary immunization with reference to coverage, quality, and place of immunization. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional survey in a primary health center, Pune, Maharashtra using World Health Organization 30-cluster sampling method with 14 beneficiaries (7 girls and 7 boys) to be selected from each cluster. Instead of 420 children, data collected for 345 children, as requisite numbers of children were not available in low population villages and also children whose mothers were not present during survey were excluded. Materials and Methods: Vaccination data collected from either records and/or history by mother. Children born on or between 13-09-2009 and 13-09-2010, were included. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 14.01 version with Chi-square as test of significance. Results: Of the study population, 171 (49.6%) were females and 174 (50.4%) males. A total of 64.1% children had immunization records with female proportion 69.0% and males 59.2%. Primary immunization coverage was 80.0%, with female proportion 82.5% and males 77.6%. One male child was completely unimmunized and remaining partially immunized, with unaware of schedule and illness of child being major reasons for partial immunization. There was no gender wise statistically significant difference observed in Primary Immunization with reference to coverage, quality, and place of immunization. Conclusions: Immunization coverage is nearing 85% benchmark with major contribution from Universal Immunization Program. Gender Equality observed in primary immunization. Preservation of immunization records by community and timely vaccinations are areas for improvement.
Role of red cell distribution width in classifying microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2011
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytos... more Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytosis. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of RDW in differentiating iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) from thalassaemia trait. There were 500 patients who were screened for the study. Selection criteria of microcytic anaemia were Hb < 13 g/dl in males, Hb < 12 g/dl in females with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80fl. These cases were subjected to complete iron profile and haemoglobin chromatography for definite diagnosis. The values of RDW were analysed in all these cases to see the utility of RDW in classifying microcytic anaemia; especially differentiating iron deficiency anaemia from thalassaemia minor cases. There were 133 out of 500 cases anaemic; 105/133 cases had microcytic anaemia, of which 53 had iron deficiency anaemia, 39 were thalassaemia traits, 6 were thalassaemia major, and 7 had other haemoglobinopathies. Thirty-six cases (67.92%) out of 53 iron deficiency an...
Challenges for ready-to-use therapeutic food in the Indian context
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2013
Palliative care-Need of awareness in general population
A pilot survey was conducted to determine awareness regarding palliative care among the cancer pa... more A pilot survey was conducted to determine awareness regarding palliative care among the cancer patients and their relative who had visited one of the tertiary care teaching hospitals in Pune, Maharashtra. The patients or their relatives were asked regarding their awareness about ...
Climate change and the threat of deadly dozen
To conclude, as per the findings of such reports, climate change already contributes to the globa... more To conclude, as per the findings of such reports, climate change already contributes to the global burden of disease and this contribution is expected to grow in the future. Emerging infectious diseases are a major threat to the health and economic stability of the world. As per the ...
Some initiatives for promoting environmental sanitation in India
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) carry significant public health importance. After emergence ... more Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) carry significant public health importance. After emergence of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), there is an increased reporting of STDs. Understanding about the STDs is highly essential for prescribing correct treatment. Evaluation of a patient suffering from sexually transmitted disease needs specific considerations and due cautions. Like any other medical illnesses, sexually transmitted diseases need thorough evaluation by careful history taking, detailed physical examination with focus on local (examination of the lesion and genitalia) examination and specific microbiological investigation. There is a need for collaborative approach between the microbiologist and the clinicians for holistic assessment of the patients with sexually transmitted diseases. Introduction The terms ‘Sexually transmitted diseases’ and ‘Sexually transmitted infections’ are frequently used interchangeably; however, there exists conceptual differences between ...
Role of red cell distribution width in classifying microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2011
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytos... more Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytosis. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of RDW in differentiating iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) from thalassaemia trait. There were 500 patients who were screened for the study. Selection criteria of microcytic anaemia were Hb < 13 g/dl in males, Hb < 12 g/dl in females with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80fl. These cases were subjected to complete iron profile and haemoglobin chromatography for definite diagnosis. The values of RDW were analysed in all these cases to see the utility of RDW in classifying microcytic anaemia; especially differentiating iron deficiency anaemia from thalassaemia minor cases. There were 133 out of 500 cases anaemic; 105/133 cases had microcytic anaemia, of which 53 had iron deficiency anaemia, 39 were thalassaemia traits, 6 were thalassaemia major, and 7 had other haemoglobinopathies. Thirty-six cases (67.92%) out of 53 iron deficiency an...
Avena sativa is the scientific name of grass commonly known as oats and ‘‘Jai’’, ‘‘Javi’ or jau i... more Avena sativa is the scientific name of grass commonly known as oats and ‘‘Jai’’, ‘‘Javi’ or jau in Hindi. Oats recently has gained attention because of its various health benefits which are very important especially for a country in a transitional state like India who is faced by the double edged sword of under nutrition and over nutrition. In India, Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are the fast emerging public health problems. Stress, sedentary life style, mechanization and long working hours all contribute to it. Since all the above mentioned diseases are of multifactorial origin and linked with each other, the common interventions targeting all of them will be the most successful strategy in preventing or at least slowing the pathogenesis of the same. Role of fibre in diet is important in reducing cholesterol, sugar and inducing a sense of satiety. Various studies have shown the benefit of dietary fibre. Among cereals, the highest content (g per 1...
Gender-Does it affect BT ( Bleeding Time ) or CT ( Clotting Time ) : A cross sectional study in medical students
Background: Bleeding time (BT) and Clotting time (CT) assess the integrity of haemostatic mechani... more Background: Bleeding time (BT) and Clotting time (CT) assess the integrity of haemostatic mechanisms. Haemostasis is the arrest of bleeding. Bleeding time depends on the effectiveness of vasoconstriction as well as platelet plug formation, while Clotting time depends upon the effectiveness of clotting mechanism. Earlier studies done on this showed the conflicting results and conclusion. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify whether there is any gender difference as between Bleeding time and Clotting time. Method: This was a cross sectional study including 433, undergraduate medical students of age group 17 to 20 years. Bleeding time (by Duke’s filter paper method) and Clotting time (by Wright’s capillary tube method) was determined after obtaining an informed consent from the students. Result and conclusion: Our study revealed the value of CT was little higher in males but this difference was not statistically significant. Also BT was higher in females as compare t...
Some issues in vaccination scene in India
Introduction: As age advances there is increased morbidity and functional loss. A variety of depr... more Introduction: As age advances there is increased morbidity and functional loss. A variety of depressive factors and occurrence of varying life events, greatly impact on one’s psychological status, making the elderly more prone to depression. Decreased care & attention, economic dependence and unorganised geriatric health services are adding to the morbidity. Objective: To study the prevalence of depression risk in the elderly population aged 65 yrs and above and identify various risk factors. Material & Methods: Study design: Cross sectional study. Study area: Urban field practice area of SKNMC & GH. Sample size and sampling technique: with 95 % confidence interval & 5 % alpha sample size was calculated to be 374 by using Epi info software version 7.1.2.0. Stratified Simple random sampling technique used. Study tool: Sociodemographic profile recorded & depression was assessed with geriatric depression scale15. GCP and ethical guidelines followed as advised for human studies. Results...
Effect of Lockdown on Teaching-Learning Process: A Students Perspective
Journal of Medical Sciences and Health
SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science
Background and objectives: In the developing countries, the problem of human immunodeficiency vir... more Background and objectives: In the developing countries, the problem of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is serious. The burden of this disease in the developing countries cannot be estimated only from the disease morbidity and mortality. Children orphaned by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) are one of the most fearful but yet unnoticed problem in our Indian community. This study aims to assess the health profile of HIV positive orphans in relation to physical health of HIV orphans. The objectives of the study were to assess the physical health profile of HIV positive orphans with respect to nutritional status and presence of opportunistic infections in HIV positive orphans of selected orphanages. Materials and methods: Design of the study was cross-sectional. The study was carried out from September 2013 to March 2015. With convenient sampling, two orphanages exclusively for HIV positive orphans were selected. The total number of orphans from both the orphanages was 84. The universal sampling method was used and all the HIV positive orphans were included in the study. Physical health of the HIV positive orphans was assessed by medical examination conducted by the investigator, anthropometry, and additional information procured from medical records of the orphans. Presence of any opportunistic infection was assessed by opportunistic infection checklist. Results and conclusion: In the present study, it was observed that 22 orphan children (26%) were underweight. It was observed that the total number of orphan children having opportunistic infection was 21 (25%) and the most common opportunistic infection was pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (8, 38%).
Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health care workers in a teaching hospital in Mumbai, India.(Original Article)(Report)(Statistical data)
Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2008
Various Anthropometric Methods of Assessment of Nutritional Status in Under Five Children
Indian Medical Gazette, Sep 1, 2012
A study to assess the use of Bangle test for screening of malnutrition in children attending Anganwadi
Indian Medical Gazette, Mar 1, 2011
Leprosy elimination :The count down has begun
Indian medical gazette
Tuberculosis Control:Todays challenge
Indian medical gazette
Controversies in vaccination scene in India Authors Samir A Singru Publication date 2014/4
Gender equality in primary immunisation
Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University, 2015
Context: Immunization, a well-known and effective method of preventing childhood illnesses is bas... more Context: Immunization, a well-known and effective method of preventing childhood illnesses is basic service under primary health care. Most surveys in India measure primary immunization coverage and quality, but no Gender Equality. Aims: Assess Gender Equality in primary immunization with reference to coverage, quality, and place of immunization. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional survey in a primary health center, Pune, Maharashtra using World Health Organization 30-cluster sampling method with 14 beneficiaries (7 girls and 7 boys) to be selected from each cluster. Instead of 420 children, data collected for 345 children, as requisite numbers of children were not available in low population villages and also children whose mothers were not present during survey were excluded. Materials and Methods: Vaccination data collected from either records and/or history by mother. Children born on or between 13-09-2009 and 13-09-2010, were included. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 14.01 version with Chi-square as test of significance. Results: Of the study population, 171 (49.6%) were females and 174 (50.4%) males. A total of 64.1% children had immunization records with female proportion 69.0% and males 59.2%. Primary immunization coverage was 80.0%, with female proportion 82.5% and males 77.6%. One male child was completely unimmunized and remaining partially immunized, with unaware of schedule and illness of child being major reasons for partial immunization. There was no gender wise statistically significant difference observed in Primary Immunization with reference to coverage, quality, and place of immunization. Conclusions: Immunization coverage is nearing 85% benchmark with major contribution from Universal Immunization Program. Gender Equality observed in primary immunization. Preservation of immunization records by community and timely vaccinations are areas for improvement.
Role of red cell distribution width in classifying microcytic hypochromic anaemia
Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2011
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytos... more Red cell distribution width (RDW) is an automated laboratory determination of red cell anisocytosis. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of RDW in differentiating iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) from thalassaemia trait. There were 500 patients who were screened for the study. Selection criteria of microcytic anaemia were Hb < 13 g/dl in males, Hb < 12 g/dl in females with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80fl. These cases were subjected to complete iron profile and haemoglobin chromatography for definite diagnosis. The values of RDW were analysed in all these cases to see the utility of RDW in classifying microcytic anaemia; especially differentiating iron deficiency anaemia from thalassaemia minor cases. There were 133 out of 500 cases anaemic; 105/133 cases had microcytic anaemia, of which 53 had iron deficiency anaemia, 39 were thalassaemia traits, 6 were thalassaemia major, and 7 had other haemoglobinopathies. Thirty-six cases (67.92%) out of 53 iron deficiency an...
Challenges for ready-to-use therapeutic food in the Indian context
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2013
Palliative care-Need of awareness in general population
A pilot survey was conducted to determine awareness regarding palliative care among the cancer pa... more A pilot survey was conducted to determine awareness regarding palliative care among the cancer patients and their relative who had visited one of the tertiary care teaching hospitals in Pune, Maharashtra. The patients or their relatives were asked regarding their awareness about ...
Climate change and the threat of deadly dozen
To conclude, as per the findings of such reports, climate change already contributes to the globa... more To conclude, as per the findings of such reports, climate change already contributes to the global burden of disease and this contribution is expected to grow in the future. Emerging infectious diseases are a major threat to the health and economic stability of the world. As per the ...
Some initiatives for promoting environmental sanitation in India
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-No... more This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.