Samuel Robsam Ohayi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Samuel Robsam Ohayi

European Journal of Clinical Medicine, Aug 23, 2022

Despite the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria, population based studies are scarc... more Despite the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria, population based studies are scarce. This situation is worse in rural areas where the people are typically poor, not very educated and lack good hospitals. We aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among rural dwellers in Agbani, a semi-urban municipality in South East Nigeria. This was a preliminary, observational, cross-sectional investigation in which 400 adults were recruited using the 5 autonomous communities that make up Agbani as clusters. We randomly selected the initial 80 consenting adults from each village. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS. There were 382 adults studied. There were 170 males and 212 females. The mean age was 59.37 ±15.90 years. Mean Blood Sugar was 135.69±85.94 mg/dl. The prevalence rate for hyperglycemia in this study was 20.14% or 201 persons per 1,000 rural population. There was no statistical difference between the mean blood sugar of males and females and no significant correlation between age and blood sugar.

International Journal of Medicine and Health Development, 2018

Background: Anxiety and depression commonly co-exist, and as a consequence entails greater suffer... more Background: Anxiety and depression commonly co-exist, and as a consequence entails greater suffering, low quality of life and poor foetal outcome. Not many studies have determined the rate of co-occurrence of anxiety/depression, and the associated risk factors in pregnancy. Methods: It was a cross sectional study of 200 consecutive attendees of antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital using Sociodemographic, Obstetric questionnaires, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Index of Marital Satisfaction, Big Five Personality Inventory, Brief Coping Scale and Oslo-3 Social Support Scale. Data collected were analyzed with Chi-square and Pearson's correlation and multiple regression tests. Results: Thirty-five (17.5%) out of two hundred participants had anxiety, 21/200 (10.5%) were depressed, while 9/200 (4.5%) were both depressed and anxious. Poor social support was predictive for depression (P=0.03, CI=-.43 to -.02). Poor marital satisfaction (P< 0.001, CI=.04 to .10), neuroticism pe...

Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, 2021

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described as a complex and progressive condition that arises from... more Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described as a complex and progressive condition that arises from both non-communicable diseases (NCD) and communicable diseases (CD). Approximately a tenth of adults are affected worldwide, but the global prevalence of paediatric CKD remains unknown. Unfortunately, advanced diagnostic techniques and interventions are not readily available in most developing countries. This review seeks to create more awareness about paediatric CKD in a developing country like Nigeria and the need to intensify efforts to make new technologies for its diagnosis available and more affordable.

Journal of Medicine in the Tropics, 2020

Background: There is an increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases worldwide. Among them,... more Background: There is an increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases worldwide. Among them, breast and cervical cancers are notable among females. These diseases often present late with adverse outcomes. Only early detection offered by screening of disease offers the hope of cure. Hence, we undertook a breast and cervical cancer screening education and exercise among female workers of a university community. Methods and Methods: This was part of a non-communicable disease survey among members of the university community. Structured questionnaires were administered on participants after a talk. Screening was carried out using the Papanicolau test for cervical cancer and clinical breast examination for breast cancer. Results: A total of 210 participants were screened. 42 (10.8%) and 23 (10.8%) had family history of breast cancer and previous breast lump, respectively. Only one participant (0.48%) had a breast lump. Abnormal Pap smear result was present in 59 (30.1%) (Inflammation [59.32%], high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) [10.17%], low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) [6.78%], atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) [10.17%], Atypical squamous cells- cannot exclude HSIL’ (ASC-H) [11.86%] and atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) [1.69%]). Conclusion: The uptake of screening was low, the yield for cervical anomalies was also low, but a reasonable proportion of the participants had risk factors for breast and cervical cancers and so would benefit from further screening over time.

Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 2019

Background: Medical education is considered one of the toughest college degrees to acquire. Explo... more Background: Medical education is considered one of the toughest college degrees to acquire. Exploring the factors that determine good academic performance in medical school will help in the planning of curriculum and assist students to navigate through medical school more effectively. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study enrolled 145 second year clinical students (500 level) of the Enugu State University of Science and Technology in southeast Nigeria using purposive and convenient sampling method. It assessed factors that predicted good academic performances in surveyed students. Results: Medical students without membership in any campus group, those that receive(s) less than ten thousand naira (≈US$27) every month as upkeep allowance, those admitted through the University Matriculation Examination, and students who visit their families on a weekly basis were more likely to have better academic performances than those in corresponding categories. Of these significant predictors of good academic performance, mode of admission into medical school (Rs=−0.310 P=0.001) and monthly allowance students got for upkeep (Rs=−0.281 P=0.001) had the strongest correlation with good academic performances. Conclusion: Our study identified factors that correlate with academic performances among medical students. We propose frequent appraisal of these factors and support system that will help improve performance in these students.

Open Access Surgery, 2010

Adult intussusception is a rare condition usually associated with a lead point. However, 8%-20% o... more Adult intussusception is a rare condition usually associated with a lead point. However, 8%-20% of cases are idiopathic. We describe here the case of a 56-year-old Nigerian male who presented to the accident and emergency unit with features of acute intestinal obstruction. The findings at laparotomy were ileocolic intussusception without a lead point. A segment of the terminal ileum was nonviable. A right hemicolectomy with ileocolic anastomosis was performed, and the resulting specimen sent for histologic examination which confirmed no extra-or intraluminal lesion. Two years of postoperative evaluation was normal. This report further reiterates the fact that adult intussusception could be idiopathic (without a lead point) and could present as acute intestinal obstruction. Early recognition is necessary to facilitate timely intervention before the onset of gangrene, so as to improve prognosis.

African Health Sciences

Introduction: Endometriosis is the existence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity... more Introduction: Endometriosis is the existence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. It has high prevalence in women living in developed countries but is believed to be rare among indigenous African women.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics of endometriosis in an indigenous African women population. Methods: Gynaecological specimens received and diagnosed as endometriosis in a teaching hospital’s Histopathology laboratory over a 5-year period was retrospectively reviewed. Data obtained were analysed by simple statistical methods. Results: There were 25 diagnosed cases of endometriosis representing 0.9% of gynaecological specimens received in the period. Patients’ average age is 38.4±8.4 years; peak age was 31- 40 years (n=10; 40%). Myometrium is the most common site (n=16; 64%), other sites include umbilicus and round ligament etc. Pelvic pain, 36% and irregular uterine bleeding, 28% are most common symptoms. There was primary a...

Cancer Research, 2020

Extensive literature has demonstrated the use of fresh human breast tumour tissue surgically impl... more Extensive literature has demonstrated the use of fresh human breast tumour tissue surgically implanted in immunodeficient mice to establish patient-derived xenograft (PDX) as a therapeutic assessment tool. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of genomic research using PDX as a preclinical tool for breast cancer metastasis in Nigerian women. Previous studies of rodent models have concentrated on cell line xenograft of other tumours usually of Caucasian or African American counterpart. To overcome this limitation, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was derived from a consenting 32-year-old Nigerian woman who had neoadjuvant therapy and had undergone a mastectomy. Triple-negative breast cancer lacks expression of hormone receptors including human epidermal receptor (HER2-), estrogen receptor (ER-) and progesterone receptor (PR-) genes. TNBC xenograft was established by orthotopic surgical implantation of breast cancer tissue fragments of 2mm3 in size with cultrex in the cleared breast p...

Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Background Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to expand in scope and character and in developing ... more Background Child sexual abuse (CSA) continues to expand in scope and character and in developing countries is fuelled by poverty, poor policies, and cultural perceptions and practices. It is poorly studied or under-reported in sub-Saharan Africa. This may be due to the taboo placed on sex and ignorance of the consequences of child sexual abuse. The objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics of CSA seen in our environment. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about children attending a forensic clinic with a history of sexual abuse. Information was obtained from the child and/or an accompanying adult. Descriptive statistics were performed on obtained data. Results In the study period, CSA cases represented 72.4% of sexual assault; 98.4% of victims were females. Victims’ average age was 10.2±4.2 years (95% CI 9.47–10.93), most (61.1%) lived with both parents, and most presented for care after 72 h of the incident. Most parents/guardi...

Journal of skin cancer, Aug 30, 2022

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2021

Aims: To determine medical students’ knowledge of COVID-19 pandemic and their willingness to part... more Aims: To determine medical students’ knowledge of COVID-19 pandemic and their willingness to participate in medical response to it and the associated factors. Study Design: Cross-sectional study involving use of online self-administered questionnaire developed by the author was administered to clinical level medical students. Place and duration of study: Enugu State University College of Medicine from 16th September 2020 to 27th November 2020. Methodology: There were 177 participants in this study comprised of 79 males and 89 females with 21, 24, 110, and 22 at 300 level, 400 level, 500 level and 600 level of study respectively. The questionnaire was sent to the representative of each class after discussions with them about the research work. They then transmitted the questionnaire to their class WhatsApp platform with an accompanying request for the completion of the questionnaire. Result: Most participants (145; 81.9%) have good knowledge level of the virus and pandemic. Age (p&lt...

Annals of African Surgery, 2022

Background: Early and accurate diagnosis has a major impact on outcome of diseases. Prompt delive... more Background: Early and accurate diagnosis has a major impact on outcome of diseases. Prompt delivery by the laboratory on requests sent by clinicians is fundamental to this. For useful laboratory outcomes, clinicians should provide comprehensive information, as required in laboratory request forms. The aim of this study was to analyze how well clinicians complete laboratory request forms. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study from January 1 to December 31, 2017. Laboratory request forms submitted with laboratory requests were retrieved and reviewed for completeness of required information. Results: An error prevalence of 12.2% was observed from the analyzed requests, and the average number of errors per request was 1.7. Surgical specialties contributed by far the most errors (t=-7.571; p=0.0000), and biodata information was the group that was mostly omitted from laboratory forms. Conclusion: This study revealed that clinicians submit requests with various irregularities,...

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women living with HIV with the high... more Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women living with HIV with the highest burden in sub-Sahara African countries with the highest prevalence of HIV. Early detection of precursor cervical lesions through routine Pap smear screening is central to cervical cancer prevention. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of abnormal Pap smear findings among women with HIV in our cervical cancer screening program. Methodology: We carried out a cross sectional study of adult women with HIV who presented for Pap smear test for the first time at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, North Central Nigeria between November2018 and January 2020. Prevalence of abnormal cervical finding was reported in percentage and also expressed per 100 population of women. The effects of the characteristics of the women of the abnormal pap smear finding was determined using the logistic regression model where 95% confidence interval and adjusted odds were u...

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2017

Background: Child rape is a public health problem globally, with severe reproductive health, soci... more Background: Child rape is a public health problem globally, with severe reproductive health, social and psychological implication for the affected child. Objective: To determine the characteristics of the perpetrators of rape of the girl child as reported by victims at Enugu state University Teaching Hospital, (ESUTH) Parklane, Enugu. Methods: Female child survivors of rape and or their parents/guardians that presented at the emergency gynecological and/ or forensic unit of ESUTH from 1st February, 2012 to 31st July, 2013 were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Data were extracted and analyzed using Epi info statistical software version 7. Analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 74 female child survivors of rape and or the parents/ guardian participated in the study. The mean age of the perpetrators was 29.6±11.0 years. They were all male, mostly adults (93.2%, 69/74), much old...

The Pan African Medical Journal, 2020

Introduction death from injuries is a global public health problem. Ninety percent occur in low- ... more Introduction death from injuries is a global public health problem. Ninety percent occur in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the burden and demographic characteristics of injury-related death in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods this is a retrospective study of injury-related deaths in Enugu over a 7-year period. Standardized forms were used to collect data from autopsy reports archived in the Forensic Unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu and a descriptive analysis of collected data performed. Results of the Coroner deaths examined in the period reviewed, 1,067 (86.9%) were injury-related. The male-to-female ratio was 5.2: 1. Mean age of victims was 34.2 ± 14.3years and range was 8 months to 86 years. Most victims (56.7%) aged 21-40 years. Accidents accounted for most deaths (53.2%) followed by homicide (44.3%). Road traffic deaths (51.4%), cult/gang violence (20.8%) and robbery (14.7%) were the commonest. Suicide (0.5%) and domes...

Libyan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018

Cystic, edematous, and myxoid lesions of the umbilical cord are rare conditions which have been s... more Cystic, edematous, and myxoid lesions of the umbilical cord are rare conditions which have been sporadically reported in literature, most often detected at prenatal ultrasonography. Most reports of cystic cord conditions are ultrasonographic studies with a few featuring pathological descriptions. This is a report of a rare case of umbilical pseudocystic lesion with full pathological description. The possibility of this extremely myxoid lesion confounding the diagnosis of tumors such as angiomyxoma is highlighted.

Annals of Tropical Pathology, 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the doctors' choice of pathology as a spec... more Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the doctors' choice of pathology as a specialty and the factors affecting such choice. Materials and Methods: Self-administered objective-structured questionnaire was administered to doctors in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, who were yet to commit to a postgraduate specialty by obtaining the primary postgraduate fellowship. Obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 16.0. Missing data were excluded from the study. Results: There were 50 (69.4%) respondents from 72 questionnaires distributed. Most of them, 76% (n = 38), have excellent knowledge of the duties of a pathologist. Except for age (P = 0.04), sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of pathologists' duties do not significantly affect choice about pathology. A total of 29 of 47 (59.2%) respondents rejected histopathology; however, of the 24.5% who might choose histopathology, three rated it last choice while one rated it first. The most common reasons for choosing pathology include flexibility of work hours and availability of job positions. The most common reasons for rejecting pathology include desire for contact with patients, dislike for autopsy, and desire for better remuneration. Most participants, 87.5% (n = 42 of 49), have an overall positive perception of pathology and the pathologist. Course volume, quality of teachers, and pathology examination affect perception of pathology most but not significantly. However, perception does not significantly affect and has weak correlation with choice of pathology. Conclusion: Pathology is not a preferred specialty among doctors seeking postgraduate training in our center. Factors responsible for this state of affairs including desire for better remuneration and contact with patients should be addressed by all those concerned.

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice, 2020

COVID-19 widely believed to have started in Wuhan, China is a highly infectious disease which bec... more COVID-19 widely believed to have started in Wuhan, China is a highly infectious disease which became a pandemic within few months of its first diagnosis. In the 42 weeks that it has lasted, about 46 million cases were confirmed with about 1.2 million deaths globally out of which 63, 173 and 1, 151 respectively occurred in Nigeria. Globally including our country and hospital, it has put a major strain on healthcare services with major disruptions in provision and uptake of these services and in people's lifestyle. Presently some adverse health consequences of these disruptions are known but many may yet to be discovered. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the delivery of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) services by our institution, a university teaching hospital. The hospital offers the full complement of specialist care including fine needle aspiration cytology, FNAC. Oral interviews of practitioners who provide this service were used...

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the rate of uptake of clinical autopsy service... more Objectives: The aim of this study was to ascertain the rate of uptake of clinical autopsy services in our hospital and also determine the associated factors. Autopsy is an important part of clinical practice. It serves as an audit and quality control for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It also provides families with “informed grieving” by giving clearer understanding of the nature of illness and cause of death and may reveal inheritable or communicable diseases among other benefits. Despite these benefits, the rate of autopsy is low and declining globally. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of hospital autopsies performed from January 2013 to December 2017 was carried out. The mortuary and autopsy records of our hospital over the period were retrieved and reviewed. Deaths reported to the police, namely, coroner deaths and deaths before arriving at the hospital (brought in dead, BID) were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 1976 bodies was studied, 1078 males a...