Sanchit kumar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sanchit kumar

Reumatologia/Rheumatology, 2022

Objectives: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with prominent fibr... more Objectives: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with prominent fibrosis. This retrospective analysis was undertaken to study the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of patients with extra-pancreatic IgG4-RD and their response to treatment at a tertiary care centre located in northern India. Material and methods: Patient data from our centre between January 2017 and January 2021 were reviewed. Probable/definite IgG4-RD cases were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 14 cases were identified with a median age of 39 years (range 19-56 years). There were 10 males and 4 females. All patients presented with slowly progressive soft tissue swellings with pain/discomfort related to local mass effect. The median delay in diagnosis was 9.5 months (range 2-72 months). Cross-sectional imaging showed soft tissue masses in all cases. All contrast-enhanced studies (n = 7) showed enhancement on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-avidity was observed in 8 of 9 (88.9%) cases. Biopsies performed in 12 of these were classified as definite in 8 and possible IgG4-RD in 4 cases. Patients were treated with a median dose of 1 mg/kg/day (range 0.5-1 mg/kg/day) prednisolone. Steroids were successfully tapered in all 12 cases with 41.6% (5 of 12) being off corticosteroids at a median follow-up of 10 months (range 0-18 months). Two patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: IgG4-related disease is a chronic illness with a wide spectrum of manifestations, in which the diagnosis is often delayed, but it shows an excellent response to treatment. Efforts must be made to increase awareness among physicians about this disease to institute appropriate treatment as early as possible.

BackgroundThe Covid-19 pandemic began in China in December 2019. India is the second most affecte... more BackgroundThe Covid-19 pandemic began in China in December 2019. India is the second most affected country, as of November 2020 with more than 8.5million cases. Covid-19 infection primarily involves the lung with severity of illness varying from influenza-like illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Other organs have also found to be variably affected. Studies evaluating the histopathological changes of Covid-19 are critical in providing a better understanding of the disease pathophysiology and guiding treatment. Minimally invasive biopsy techniques (MITS/B) provide an easy and suitable alternative to complete autopsies. In this prospective single center study we present the histopathological examination of 37 patients who died with complications of Covid-19.MethodsThis was an observational study conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of JPN Trauma Centre AIIMS. A total of 37 patients who died of Covid-19 were enrolled in the study. Post-mortem percutaneous biopsies were taken...

Background: Lung ultrasound is a popular point of care test that correlates well with computed to... more Background: Lung ultrasound is a popular point of care test that correlates well with computed tomography for lung pathologies. While previous studies have shown its ability to detect COVID-19 related lung pathology, we aimed to evaluate the utility of lung ultrasound in the triage and prognostication of COVID-19 patients by determining its ability to predict clinical severity and outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational, single centre study done at JPNATC and AIIMS, New Delhi, India. Consenting eligible patients aged 18 years or more were included if hospitalised with microbiologically confirmed COVID-19 and classified as mild, moderate (respiratory rate >24/min OR SpO2<94% on room air) and severe COVID-19 (respiratory rate >30/min OR SpO2<90% on room air) at the time of enrolment. The lungs were systematically assessed with ultrasound after division into 14 zones (4 anteriorly, 4 axillary and 6 posteriorly). Clinical and laboratory para...

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives To study the histopathology of patients dying of COVID-19 using post-mortem m... more ABSTRACT Objectives To study the histopathology of patients dying of COVID-19 using post-mortem minimally invasive sampling techniques. Methods This was a single-center observational study conducted at JPNATC, AIIMS. Thirty-seven patients who died of COVID-19 were enrolled. Post-mortem percutaneous biopsies were taken from lung, heart, liver, kidney and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry was performed using CD61 and CD163. SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected using IHC with primary antibodies. Results The mean age was 48.7 years and 59.5% were males. Lung histopathology showed diffuse alveolar damage in 78% patients. Associated bronchopneumonia was seen in 37.5% and scattered microthrombi in 21% patients. Immunopositivity for SARS-CoV-2 was observed in Type II pneumocytes. Acute tubular injury with epithelial vacuolization was seen in 46% of renal biopsies. Seventy-one percent of liver biopsies showed Kupffer cell hyperplasia and 27.5% showed submassive hepatic necrosis. Conclusions Predominant finding was diffuse alveolar damage with demonstration of SARS-CoV-2 protein in the acute phase. Microvascular thrombi were rarely identified in any organ. Substantial hepatocyte necrosis, Kupffer cell hypertrophy, microvesicular, and macrovesicular steatosis unrelated to microvascular thrombi suggested that liver might be a primary target of COVID-19.

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has provided global challenges to health-care facilities in e... more Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has provided global challenges to health-care facilities in ensuring the delivery of care to patients. Tremendous international collaboration has enabled the swift formulation of evidence-based guidelines that aim to clarify day-today issues faced by physicians and other health-care providers on the frontlines. Areas covered: In order to provide answers to the common questions and dilemmas faced by physicians and policymakers, especially those handling pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, the authors made a list of pertinent clinical topics that were reviewed between 21st of August, 2020 to 30th of August, 2020 by the authors using online databases that included PubMed, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library. Literature was reviewed and included based on relevance to the topics selected. The review was aimed to serve as a quick reference for addressing practical issues faced during patient care in the ongoing pandemic with a brief account of the management of COVID-19 patients as per international guidelines. Expert opinion: As more evidence continues to generate regarding the optimal methods of managing COVID-19 cases while caring for non-COVID patients concurrently, physicians will need to constantly reeducate themselves to keep pace with a rapidly evolving landscape of therapeutic options.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2020

PURPOSE Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) play a... more PURPOSE Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) play a significant role in children of all ages with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). This study was conducted to detect M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae in children with community-acquired LRTIs employing serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 75 children with acute LRTIs for detection of M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae. Blood was obtained for M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae antibodies and nasopharyngeal aspirates for M. pneumoniae PCR and C. pneumoniae nested PCR. RESULTS M. pneumoniae infection was positive in 9 (64.21%) children aged 2-6 months and in 5 (35.79%) aged 7 months-12 years, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). C. pneumoniae infection was comparable within the age group and statistically insignificant (P = 0.43). Clinical and radiological profiles of M. pneumoniae- and C. pneumoniae-positive and negative patients were numerically comparable. Serology and PCR together detected M. pneumoniae infection in 14 (18.6%) children. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of serology were 77.78%, 92.42%, 58.33% and 96.83%, respectively. C. pneumoniae infection was positive in 11 (14.6%) children by serology and nested PCR with 50% sensitivity, 87.67% specificity, 10% positive predictive value and 98.46% negative predictive value. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae play a significant role in community-acquired LRTIs and a combination of serology and nested PCR is useful for its diagnosis.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

Part of marketing academia’s mandate is to generate findings that improve managerial decision mak... more Part of marketing academia’s mandate is to generate findings that improve managerial decision making. In light of this mandate, the authors aim to understand the properties of managerially relevant research, that is, the characteristics that increase a study’s relevance to practicing managers, and to identify factors in the research genesis that foster managerial relevance. The study addresses these issues through a qualitative analysis of 65 in-depth interviews with marketing managers, academic researchers, and senior editors of important business magazines. Findings suggest that relevant research emerges as one of three types: (1) problem-solving, (2) educational, or (3) inspirational research, and that researchers should systematically plan and execute projects within each type to increase relevance. The authors develop a comprehensive framework of properties and genesis factors illustrating possible paths toward more relevant research and suggest courses of action for academics who want to have an impact on practice.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2020

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has put an immense strain on healthcare facilities around the wo... more The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has put an immense strain on healthcare facilities around the world. Unique challenges are being faced in the adequate management of rapidly increasing number of cases while ensuring adequate healthcare providers apostrophe safety. Issues related to the difficulty of examination while wearing personal protective equipment, need for objectivity in triage and testing of patients, and evidence-based management of the critically ill has resulted in reliance on longitudinal radiological assessment. There are a number of portability, disinfection and radiation exposure related problems with the use of X-rays and computerized tomography (CT). Point of care ultrasonography provides a pragmatic, safe, and repeatable approach for addressing the pertinent clinical questions that have traditionally relied on X-rays and CT scans. Here, we summarize the use ultrasound assessment can play in the triage, identification, and subsequent management of patients with COVID-19.

Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2019

A previously healthy 68-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of cough with worsening sh... more A previously healthy 68-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of cough with worsening shortness of breath despite a course of oral antibiotics. Examination revealed bronchial breathing over the right axillary region. CT imaging showed right middle and right lower lobe consolidation with an associated interbronchial fistula just below the carina (figure 1). Owing to negative sputum cultures and a lack of response to broad spectrum antibiotics, she underwent bronchoscopy which confirmed the presence of the interbronchial-fistula (figure 2) and bronchoscopic lavage thus obtained …

Journal of Marketing Research, 2020

Many studies have quantified the effects of TV ad spending or gross rating points on brand sales.... more Many studies have quantified the effects of TV ad spending or gross rating points on brand sales. Yet this effect is likely moderated by the different types of brand-related messages or cues (e.g., logo, brand attributes) embedded in the ads and by the ways (e.g., explicitly or implicitly) these cues are conveyed to TV audiences. The authors thus measure 17 cues often used within ads to build brand awareness (or salience) and brand image and investigate their influence on ad effectiveness. Technically, the study builds a dynamic model to quantify the effects of advertising on sales; builds a robust and interpretable (i.e., nonparametric and sparse) factor model that integrates correlated, left-censored branding cues; and then models the effects of advertising as a function of the factors identified by these cues. An analysis of 177 campaigns aired by 62 brands finds that salience cues (e.g., logo) and benefit and attribute messages moderate ad effectiveness. It also finds that expli...

Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine, 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by episodes of apnea or hypopnea durin... more Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by episodes of apnea or hypopnea during sleep that result in excessive daytime sleepiness and a range of metabolic disturbances, which adversely affect cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychologic health. The common underlying mechanism for the same is periodic airway closure, which worsens with loss of pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep that results in significant obstruction and episodic apnea. Obesity is one comorbidity that commonly precipitates OSA and also worsens the long-term metabolic sequelae of OSA. With the ever increasing epidemic of obesity that is now starting to affect more developing countries such as India, more patients are undergoing bariatric surgery than before for a range of indications. This population provides a unique set of management issues that shall be the subject of this review.

Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2019

Background & objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are cons... more Background & objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are considered common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children. The present study was conducted to detect M. pneumoniae and RSV in paediatric LRTIs employing serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis. Methods: Seventy five children aged one month to five years with acute LRTIs were investigated for M. pneumoniae antibodies and RSV antigen using immunochromatographic test, RT-PCR for RSV and M. pneumoniae by PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates. Results: RSV infection was observed in 33 (44%) and M. pneumoniae was positive in 26 (35%) children. No significant difference in infection was noted between male and female children. Clinical and radiological features among RSV and M. pneumoniae positive and negative cases were similar. Considering RT-PCR for RSV as gold standard, RSV antigen immunochromatography was 90.90 per cent sensitive and 100 per cent specific. Interpretation & conclusions: Our study showed the presence of RSV and M. pneumoniae infection in 44 and 35 per cent children, respectively with community-acquired LRTIs and aged less than five years.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2018

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of serious lower respirat... more Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of serious lower respiratory disease in infancy and early childhood and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in all age groups. This study was conducted to determine the role of RSV and M. pneumoniae and in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections employing serological tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. Methods In this prospective study, 75 children aged 1 month to 5 years with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) were investigated. Paired serum samples were obtained on admission and after 4–6 weeks to assay for M. pneumonia antibodies. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained for the detection of RSV antigen by using the immunochromatographic test, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RSV and M. pneumoniae by PCR. Results RSV infection was positive in 20(60.60%) children aged <...

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) causes up to 40% of community-acquired pneumonia in childre... more Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) causes up to 40% of community-acquired pneumonia in children. It is impossible to identify M. pneumoniae infection on the basis of clinical signs, symptoms, and radiological features. Therefore, correct etiological diagnosis strongly depends on laboratory diagnosis. This study aims to investigate the role of M. pneumonia e in pediatric lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and particle agglutination (PA) test. Two hundred and eighty children, age 6 months to 12 years with community-acquired LRTIs were investigated for M. pneumoniae etiology. We investigated 280 children hospitalized for community-acquired LRTIs, using ELISA and PA test for detecting M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G antibodies. The difference of proportion between the qualitative variables was tested using the Chi-square test and Fischer exact test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically signific...

Intractable & rare diseases research, 2017

A 15 year old girl presented with complaints of prolonged fever and recurrent episodes of hemopty... more A 15 year old girl presented with complaints of prolonged fever and recurrent episodes of hemoptysis. Initial investigation showed pancytopenia and radiological imaging was suggestive of necrotizing pneumonia. Subsequently, mucor was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but even on appropriate medications her condition kept deteriorating. She had multiple bouts of hemoptysis and a repeat imaging of chest showed dissemination of mucormycosis to pulmonary vein and heart. Bone marrow biopsy identified acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) as the cause of pancytopenia. She was planned for bronchial artery embolization and chemotherapy for ALL, but consent was not given and she left our institute against medical advice. Our case highlights the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion for disseminated mucormycosis in neutropenic patients, as any delay in diagnosis and treatment could have grave consequences.

Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 2016

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory infections, includin... more Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory infections, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and upper respiratory tract infections. Since it is difficult to detect C. pneumoniae in clinical practice, specific etiological diagnosis is established only in a minority of cases. To investigate the role of C. pneumoniae in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children, with the use of serological tests and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. One hundred children, age of 2 months to 12 years, hospitalized for community-acquired LRTIs were investigated for C. pneumoniae etiology. We investigated 100 children hospitalized for community-acquired LRTIs, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting anti-C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin G antibodies and nasopharyngeal aspirates for analysis of C. pneumoniae PCR. The demographic, clinical, and radiological findings for C. pneumoniae antibody positive and C. pneumoniae antibody negative cases were compared. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square test and Fisher&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s exact tests using Epi Info (2002). Clinical and radiological findings in both the groups were comparable. A relatively higher rate of C. pneumoniae infection in children was observed below 5 years of age. Serological evidence of C. pneumoniae infection was observed in 12 (12%) patients and nested PCR was positive in 5 (5%) children. Thirteen (13%) patients were diagnosed with C. pneumoniae infection by serology and/or nested PCR. Our study confirms that C. pneumoniae plays a significant role in community-acquired LRTIs in children of all ages, even in children aged &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;5 years.

Problem Solving and Uncertainty Modeling through Optimization and Soft Computing Applications

This chapter introduces simulation tool TRANSSIM (Transportation model Simulation) to simulate tr... more This chapter introduces simulation tool TRANSSIM (Transportation model Simulation) to simulate transportation models. TRANSSIM is a tool which simulates and compares the results of different transportation models. A combination of programming languages is used to design this tool and is based on analytical approach to guide optimization strategy. In TRANSSIM, inputs are provided in terms of resources available, requirement and cost associated. Output performance measurements are calculated in terms of product allocation and associated total cost.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015

In this paper, a simulation optimization tool ASSOLVE is proposed for assignment problems. The pr... more In this paper, a simulation optimization tool ASSOLVE is proposed for assignment problems. The proposed tool is able to simulate and compute the results for assignment models. It is developed in JavaScript and back-end simulation results are stored for analysis with the help of an effective algorithm. This manuscript proposes a user friendly tool for output performance measurements of classical models of assignment system. Results and analysis are described with the help of numerical example.

Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021

Child abuse and neglect are serious global problems and can be in the form of physical, sexual, e... more Child abuse and neglect are serious global problems and can be in the form of physical, sexual, emotional or just neglect in providing for the child's needs. These factors can leave the child with serious, long-lasting psychological damage. Child maltreatment is a complex life experience occurs when a parent or caregiver does an intentional or potential damage to a child, including acts of commission and omission. Child abuse is not an uncommon event, but it is not always recognized. Identifying the real number of maltreated children is a challenge because of the large variability in reported prevalence data across studies. It is associated with important economic and social costs (such as physical and mental health, productivity losses, child welfare, criminal justice and special education costs) due to its high prevalence and its long-term and short-term consequences.

Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference - IMC '09, 2009

Many factors such as the tendency of individuals to develop relationships based on mutual acquain... more Many factors such as the tendency of individuals to develop relationships based on mutual acquaintances, proximity, common interests, or combinations thereof, are known to contribute toward evolution of social networks. In this paper, we analyze an evolving online social aggregator, FriendFeed, which collates content generated by participating individuals on a variety of Web 2.0 services and allows easy dissemination of the aggregated content to other participants of the aggregator. Analyzing data collected between September 2008 and May 2009, we find that although preferential attachment captures the evolution of the network, its influence varies significantly based on how long ago a user joined the service. In particular, preferential attachment does not appear to apply to new entrants of the FriendFeed service. Analysis suggests that proximity bias plays an important role in link formation. We study the influence of common foci and find that individuals have a greater affinity toward those with similar interests.