Sandra Marnoto - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sandra Marnoto
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2023
NBM Berlim 2019 - Full Conference Proceedings, Jul 3, 2019
several international articles, books and book chapters. She has worked for the multinational gro... more several international articles, books and book chapters. She has worked for the multinational group SONAE as a management controller and has been a co-founder of the retail company HOZAR Portugal.
Studies on social representations already seem to be relatively common in the field of Social Sci... more Studies on social representations already seem to be relatively common in the field of Social Sciences. However, the particular circumstances being experienced throughout Europe as a result of the international crisis seem to bring with it new possibilities for analysis. It is in this context that falls this present analysis in which are presented the preliminary results of a larger study on the perception and experience of Erasmus students in Portugal within the economic environment in which we live in. Thus, we intend to initially assess the extent the financial crisis has had impact on the motivations and expectations of those students, later to suggest an interpretative model of these results. From a conceptual standpoint, we supported this analysis in international studies and on migratory phenomena studies. In terms of methodology we chose to carry out a questionnaire then subjected to statistical analysis.
Franchising, especially business format franchising also known as the McDonalds approach has been... more Franchising, especially business format franchising also known as the McDonalds approach has been seen by practitioners and also by some academics simply as a straightforward approach for the creation (and replication) of one’s own business – i.e. as one of the ways for entrepreneurship (and growth). Several trade associations were created for the promotion of this kind of business using a combination of “recipes for success ” and entrepreneurial “bias for action”. The prevailing explanations for the franchising phenomena, especially the initiative of franchising, the propensity to franchise, and franchise performance, are mostly based on two orders of reasons or a combination of them: franchising as a means to deal with resource scarcity and / or mechanism for franchisor and franchisee to align incentives between both. However, empirical studies have shown limited support for such claims, especially in face of the so called plural form. The mixed nature of the plural form, where pr...
The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks a... more The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks as the paradox of exploitation and exploration. Literature suggests that the Plural Form, i.e. the simultaneous presence of company-owned and franchised outlets, might be a useful and appealing way of dealing with this paradox. This paper poses that there are yet alternative ways of dealing with difficulties associated with innovation diffusion, while keeping standardization in the network. This paper seeks to identify those means by analysing two contrasting Portuguese franchising companies. The results show that by sidestepping the classic top-down relationship and exerting a participative leadership, the franchisor might motivate franchisees to be more willing to adopt innovations.
The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks a... more The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks as the paradox of exploitation and exploration. Literature suggests that the Plural Form, i.e. the simultaneous presence of company-owned and franchised outlets, might be a useful and appealing way of dealing with this paradox. This paper poses that there are yet alternative ways of dealing with difficulties associated with innovation diffusion, while keeping standardization in the network. This paper seeks to identify those means by analysing two contrasting Portuguese franchising companies. The results show that by sidestepping the classic top-down relationship and exerting a participative leadership, the franchisor might motivate franchisees to be more willing to adopt innovations.
In the last years, a new form of franchising seems to be emerging where franchisors give franchis... more In the last years, a new form of franchising seems to be emerging where franchisors give franchisees more autonomy and decision power than Business Format franchisors do. As such, not surprisingly, these agreements are called Freedom or No-Format Franchising. Yet, although franchising has been researched comprehensively for the last decades, this new sort of arrangement has not yet received due attention. This paper analyses No-Format Franchising by comparing it against the standard Business Format agreements. The discussion does not aim to suggest that there is one best model, but to understand the trade-offs between the two systems and how each might suit different activities. The analysis is focused on Business Format Franchising benefits and difficulties, emphasising the importance of franchisees’ diversity and autonomy for the network’s innovation process. The debate leads to the discussion about the possible virtues of No-Format Franchising regarding innovation. Finally, it ...
Entrepreneurship is commonly associated with economic growth and development. As such, there is v... more Entrepreneurship is commonly associated with economic growth and development. As such, there is vast literature on the topic concerning the entreprene
The distributed value is perceived by the customer as the difference between the total value and ... more The distributed value is perceived by the customer as the difference between the total value and the total cost of the product (good, service, idea, information, experience), also corresponding to the perceived value of use of the product, which includes experiences, sensations and mental states. Note that the total cost to the customer comprises all types of costs, financial (price, ability to pay, opportunity cost) and non-financial costs (physical, psychological and social aspects related to the use of the product, such as accessibility, embarrassment, usability, etc.), in which he expects to incur to evaluate, obtain and use the product.
Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 2018
Innovation is fundamental to organization performance and survival in a continuously changing and... more Innovation is fundamental to organization performance and survival in a continuously changing and highly competitive world. In organizations, innovation occurs primary and foremost through purposeful and discretionary actions of knowledgeable and motivated individuals. However, despite some insightful studies, studies addressing the role of HRM in promoting innovation are in short supply. An enabling work environment-resources, motivation, and management practices-may be crucial for creativity and thus innovation. HRM policies and interventions have the potential to promote trust, cooperation, and collective codes and language. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is twofold: 1) to review the role of creativity and knowledge sharing for innovation and 2) to review the role of HRM for stimulating innovation through creativity and knowledge sharing. In so doing, the authors seek to shed light on the conceptual and analytical connections between motivation, creativity, knowledge, innovation, and HRM.
Since Schumpeter (1934), managers have been aware that innovation is a critical factor if they wi... more Since Schumpeter (1934), managers have been aware that innovation is a critical factor if they wish to be both more efficient and successful in the ma
Growth and Change
Based on an extensive literature review on intelligent cities, smart cities, and happy cities, an... more Based on an extensive literature review on intelligent cities, smart cities, and happy cities, and on their conceptual connections with citizens' well-being, quality of life, and happiness, we developed a resource-based view on City Quality: the PESNAT (political, economic, social, natural, artificial, and technological) framework. The concept of City Quality rests on the idea of cities interconnected sub-habitats-PESNAT-which are powerful analytical categories needed for understanding cities as complex and intricate loci. This framework eventually aims at assessing the cities' power to attract businesses and people, to contribute to a sustainable development of the city and an increased quality of life. Furthermore, two hypotheses are outlined regarding the level of importance of each sub-habitat in relation to happiness, and the level of controversy of each one for citizens, city planners, and decision makers.
From this perspective, we suggest that the emergence of franchising networks may be seen as a kin... more From this perspective, we suggest that the emergence of franchising networks may be seen as a kind of dynamic arrangements, which seek to combine the franchisor's and franchisee's partly idiosyncratic capabilities. Franchisees are seen as heterogeneous as they can and often ...
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2023
NBM Berlim 2019 - Full Conference Proceedings, Jul 3, 2019
several international articles, books and book chapters. She has worked for the multinational gro... more several international articles, books and book chapters. She has worked for the multinational group SONAE as a management controller and has been a co-founder of the retail company HOZAR Portugal.
Studies on social representations already seem to be relatively common in the field of Social Sci... more Studies on social representations already seem to be relatively common in the field of Social Sciences. However, the particular circumstances being experienced throughout Europe as a result of the international crisis seem to bring with it new possibilities for analysis. It is in this context that falls this present analysis in which are presented the preliminary results of a larger study on the perception and experience of Erasmus students in Portugal within the economic environment in which we live in. Thus, we intend to initially assess the extent the financial crisis has had impact on the motivations and expectations of those students, later to suggest an interpretative model of these results. From a conceptual standpoint, we supported this analysis in international studies and on migratory phenomena studies. In terms of methodology we chose to carry out a questionnaire then subjected to statistical analysis.
Franchising, especially business format franchising also known as the McDonalds approach has been... more Franchising, especially business format franchising also known as the McDonalds approach has been seen by practitioners and also by some academics simply as a straightforward approach for the creation (and replication) of one’s own business – i.e. as one of the ways for entrepreneurship (and growth). Several trade associations were created for the promotion of this kind of business using a combination of “recipes for success ” and entrepreneurial “bias for action”. The prevailing explanations for the franchising phenomena, especially the initiative of franchising, the propensity to franchise, and franchise performance, are mostly based on two orders of reasons or a combination of them: franchising as a means to deal with resource scarcity and / or mechanism for franchisor and franchisee to align incentives between both. However, empirical studies have shown limited support for such claims, especially in face of the so called plural form. The mixed nature of the plural form, where pr...
The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks a... more The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks as the paradox of exploitation and exploration. Literature suggests that the Plural Form, i.e. the simultaneous presence of company-owned and franchised outlets, might be a useful and appealing way of dealing with this paradox. This paper poses that there are yet alternative ways of dealing with difficulties associated with innovation diffusion, while keeping standardization in the network. This paper seeks to identify those means by analysing two contrasting Portuguese franchising companies. The results show that by sidestepping the classic top-down relationship and exerting a participative leadership, the franchisor might motivate franchisees to be more willing to adopt innovations.
The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks a... more The need to balance standardization with innovation has been identified in franchising networks as the paradox of exploitation and exploration. Literature suggests that the Plural Form, i.e. the simultaneous presence of company-owned and franchised outlets, might be a useful and appealing way of dealing with this paradox. This paper poses that there are yet alternative ways of dealing with difficulties associated with innovation diffusion, while keeping standardization in the network. This paper seeks to identify those means by analysing two contrasting Portuguese franchising companies. The results show that by sidestepping the classic top-down relationship and exerting a participative leadership, the franchisor might motivate franchisees to be more willing to adopt innovations.
In the last years, a new form of franchising seems to be emerging where franchisors give franchis... more In the last years, a new form of franchising seems to be emerging where franchisors give franchisees more autonomy and decision power than Business Format franchisors do. As such, not surprisingly, these agreements are called Freedom or No-Format Franchising. Yet, although franchising has been researched comprehensively for the last decades, this new sort of arrangement has not yet received due attention. This paper analyses No-Format Franchising by comparing it against the standard Business Format agreements. The discussion does not aim to suggest that there is one best model, but to understand the trade-offs between the two systems and how each might suit different activities. The analysis is focused on Business Format Franchising benefits and difficulties, emphasising the importance of franchisees’ diversity and autonomy for the network’s innovation process. The debate leads to the discussion about the possible virtues of No-Format Franchising regarding innovation. Finally, it ...
Entrepreneurship is commonly associated with economic growth and development. As such, there is v... more Entrepreneurship is commonly associated with economic growth and development. As such, there is vast literature on the topic concerning the entreprene
The distributed value is perceived by the customer as the difference between the total value and ... more The distributed value is perceived by the customer as the difference between the total value and the total cost of the product (good, service, idea, information, experience), also corresponding to the perceived value of use of the product, which includes experiences, sensations and mental states. Note that the total cost to the customer comprises all types of costs, financial (price, ability to pay, opportunity cost) and non-financial costs (physical, psychological and social aspects related to the use of the product, such as accessibility, embarrassment, usability, etc.), in which he expects to incur to evaluate, obtain and use the product.
Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage, 2018
Innovation is fundamental to organization performance and survival in a continuously changing and... more Innovation is fundamental to organization performance and survival in a continuously changing and highly competitive world. In organizations, innovation occurs primary and foremost through purposeful and discretionary actions of knowledgeable and motivated individuals. However, despite some insightful studies, studies addressing the role of HRM in promoting innovation are in short supply. An enabling work environment-resources, motivation, and management practices-may be crucial for creativity and thus innovation. HRM policies and interventions have the potential to promote trust, cooperation, and collective codes and language. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is twofold: 1) to review the role of creativity and knowledge sharing for innovation and 2) to review the role of HRM for stimulating innovation through creativity and knowledge sharing. In so doing, the authors seek to shed light on the conceptual and analytical connections between motivation, creativity, knowledge, innovation, and HRM.
Since Schumpeter (1934), managers have been aware that innovation is a critical factor if they wi... more Since Schumpeter (1934), managers have been aware that innovation is a critical factor if they wish to be both more efficient and successful in the ma
Growth and Change
Based on an extensive literature review on intelligent cities, smart cities, and happy cities, an... more Based on an extensive literature review on intelligent cities, smart cities, and happy cities, and on their conceptual connections with citizens' well-being, quality of life, and happiness, we developed a resource-based view on City Quality: the PESNAT (political, economic, social, natural, artificial, and technological) framework. The concept of City Quality rests on the idea of cities interconnected sub-habitats-PESNAT-which are powerful analytical categories needed for understanding cities as complex and intricate loci. This framework eventually aims at assessing the cities' power to attract businesses and people, to contribute to a sustainable development of the city and an increased quality of life. Furthermore, two hypotheses are outlined regarding the level of importance of each sub-habitat in relation to happiness, and the level of controversy of each one for citizens, city planners, and decision makers.
From this perspective, we suggest that the emergence of franchising networks may be seen as a kin... more From this perspective, we suggest that the emergence of franchising networks may be seen as a kind of dynamic arrangements, which seek to combine the franchisor's and franchisee's partly idiosyncratic capabilities. Franchisees are seen as heterogeneous as they can and often ...