Sangeeta Shroff - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sangeeta Shroff
Economic affairs, Mar 25, 2024
Paper estimates the savings in water, electricity, and economic gains of the micro irrigation ado... more Paper estimates the savings in water, electricity, and economic gains of the micro irrigation adoption scheme "Per Drop More Crop" of the Government of India for the cultivation of three crops, namely, sugarcane, banana, and cotton in selected districts of Maharashtra (India). The before-after comparison method is adopted using the data collected from the pre-tested interview schedules from 116 drip irrigation adopters in Maharashtra. Results indicate that after drip irrigation adoption, farmers experienced higher yields, profits and saved water across the three crops. The per hectare yield of banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased by 73%, 36%, and 80%, respectively. After adopting drip irrigation, the power usage for irrigation per hectare was approximately half for banana and sugarcane and 86% for cotton. With drip irrigation, farmers could grow the sample crops with higher intensity. Thus, overall power consumption for irrigation for banana cultivators increased by 20%, while for sugarcane and cotton it was still lower. The benefit-cost ratio indicated that the drip investment for all three crops is economically viable with and without subsidy. Interaction with farmers reveals that marginal and small farmers need financial assistance to deal with the increasing cost of cultivation. Thus, the government must continue to promote the usage of drip technology through extension services as well as provide the subsidy. HIGHlIGHtS m With the adoption of drip irrigation, the per hectare yield and net returns of banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased considerably. m Drip irrigation has benefitted the farmers and is economically viable even without subsidy for commercial crops like sugarcane, cotton, and banana. m Power consumption with drip irrigation adoption reduces. However, it is not a sure-shot strategy to conserve water.
Transformation of an underdeveloped economy into a modern economy takes place as surplus labor fr... more Transformation of an underdeveloped economy into a modern economy takes place as surplus labor from the dominant agricultural sector in rural areas is transferred to the non-farm sector. Development experience of a country like India shows that the economy has not been able to absorb the surplus agricultural labor by creating adequate non-farm employment opportunities. One of the initiatives of the Government of India has been the implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in 2006 which is considered to be one of the largest public works program in the world. In view of its potential of MGNREGS to change the rural landscape by generating wage employment for the rural poor and creating assets and infrastructure for the agricultural sector, an attempt has been made in this paper to study the implementation of the scheme in the state of Maharashtra which is one of the leading states of India. The paper studies the implementation of the scheme in the state and analyzes the outcomes of the scheme in terms of extent of employment generation, asset creation and expenditure incurred in Maharashtra. Various constraints of the scheme are also observed. Finally, the paper discusses limitations and potentials of the scheme as well as policy implications. The study is based on secondary data, and is supported by discussions and qualitative data collected from the field by the authors. The analysis shows that MGNREGS has shown potential to introduce positive changes in the village economies, traditionally dependent on subsistence and dry agriculture, provided that adequate work is made available whenever needed. It is observed that the scheme will be sustainable and successful if it leads to creation of durable assets and efficient water resource management thus ultimately increasing productivity of the state agricultural sector.
Agricultural Situation in India, Jul 1, 2017
Agricultural Situation in India, 2010
Agro-Economic Research Centre, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune, Apr 1, 2011
The paper estimates the economic impact of the micro irrigation adoption Scheme "Per Drop More Cr... more The paper estimates the economic impact of the micro irrigation adoption Scheme "Per Drop More Crop" of the Government of India. The Government provides subsidies under this scheme for the adoption of drip-sprinkler irrigation systems. The paper evaluates the costs, income and yields changes due to drip irrigation adoption among sugarcane, banana and cotton farmers of Maharashtra province in India. Before/after the design is adopted to evaluate the changes and data was collected using the pre-tested interview schedules from overall 116 drip irrigation adopters in Maharashtra in 2019-20. The survey results revealed drip irrigation adoption increased yields, profits and saved water. Under drip irrigation method, per hectare yield of banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased by 73%, 36% and 80% respectively. The average operational costs of sugarcane declined by 9%, while for banana and cotton, it increased by 17% and 19%. Net returns for banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased by 202%,5237%, and 296% respectively. It was observed a reduction in inputs usage viz. labour, fertilisers, weedicide, and electricity. With drip irrigation, farmers were able to grow sample crops with higher intensity. Micro Irrigation has benefitted the farmers and the government must continue to promote the usage of this technology through extension services as well as providing subsidies.
GIPE, Pune had organized a webinar on 19 June 2020. The speaker, Prof. Sangeeta Shroff (Officer-i... more GIPE, Pune had organized a webinar on 19 June 2020. The speaker, Prof. Sangeeta Shroff (Officer-in-Charge Agro-Economic Research Center, Maharashtra (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India) talked about the challenges and losses Maharashtra farmers faced for select horticulture crops, milk, and poultry and the opportunities that have been emerged from the pandemic
Social Science Research Network, 2006
In this paper we look at the determinants of suicide rates in developing countries by looking at ... more In this paper we look at the determinants of suicide rates in developing countries by looking at the incidence of suicides in the various states of the Indian union. A thorough analysis of socioeconomic factors affecting suicide rates in developed countries was conducted by Emile Durkheim towards the end of the nineteenth century and recently by Helliwell among others. However, no comparable work has been done in the case of developing countries. A big difference between our Indian study and the studies on developed countries is that neither literacy, nor the level of urbanization nor unemployment rates turn out to be significant determinants of suicide rates in our analysis. However, per capita income is a significant and positive determinant of suicide rates in both sets of studies.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing, 2021
KOLHAPUR: As many as one lakh families of farmers in the state opted out of agriculture, their so... more KOLHAPUR: As many as one lakh families of farmers in the state opted out of agriculture, their sole profession, in the last five years, according to the latest agriculture Census figures. Experts expressed fears that the trend might continue with the availability of other income sources and tolerance level of the farmers reaching its peak. The final figures of agricultural land holdings for 2015-16 will be released later. According to the agriculture Census of 2010-11, there were 136 lakh agricultural land holdings in the state. State agriculture and revenue minister Eknath Khadse said the figure has now shrunk to 135 lakh. The minister said land acquisition for industrialization, road widening and creation of new roads have eaten up the agricultural land. As per the agriculture Census of 2005-06, there were 137 lakh farmers' families in Maharashtra. It means that the number of farmers quitting agricultural activities between 2005-6 and 2010-11 reduced by one lakh. Similarly, another one lakh farmers opted out of the profession from 2011-12 till today. Speaking to TOI, Khadse said, "There are 135 lakh land holding families in the state at present. As may 90 lakh of them are marginal farmers, who own less than one hectare land. The fact is alarming as agricultural land is getting divided further into small pieces, which directly affects production. Remaining 45 lakh people are small, medium and large farmers, who actually have the capacity of producing foodgrains at large scale, which can be traded. The marginal farmers are mostly into vegetable or small scale foodgrain production, which has little role in the trade." Over the last five-six decades, the state has witnessed a successive trend of increase in the number of farmers in terms of land division and population growth. However, the number of farmers in the state started shrinking from 2010-11. The number was 1.37 crore in the state in 2010-11, but went down to 1.36 crore by 2013-14. During the same period, the area of operational holding and average size of operational holding also went down. In 2010-11, altogether 2,00,05,000 hectares of land was under cultivation in the state, which has now declined to 1,97,67,000 hectares. The average size of operational land holding also dipped from 1.46 hectares to 1.44 hectares. Sangeeta Shroff, associate professor at Pune-based Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, said the situation is far more serious. "Of the total labour force in the state, 52.7% are in the agriculture sector. Further division shows that 25.4% are cultivators (land owners), while 27.3% are agricultural labourers. It means that there are more labourers in the state than land owners. If labour force figures from Mumbai, Thane, Raigad, Pune, Nagpur, Nashik and Aurangabad are removed, the employment number through agriculture sector stands at 81.36%. It means there are hardly any means of employment in the rural areas barring agriculture," she said. She said encouraging agro-processing industries in the rural areas and infrastructure development should be undertaken on priority to control the overall downfall in the sector. "The biggest factor behind farmers being discouraged to leave agriculture is poor irrigation facilities. The irrigation cover in the state is not more than 18%, of which a huge area is used for sugarcane cultivation. A cash crop like cotton is largely rainfed putting pressure on the farmers for making irrigation arrangements. Besides, foodgrain cultivation is also largely dependent on monsoon, which is adding to farmers' frustration. Unless these issues are tackled, the sector will continue to remain in poor light," Shroff added
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 2010
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 2012
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 2015
Economic affairs, Mar 25, 2024
Paper estimates the savings in water, electricity, and economic gains of the micro irrigation ado... more Paper estimates the savings in water, electricity, and economic gains of the micro irrigation adoption scheme "Per Drop More Crop" of the Government of India for the cultivation of three crops, namely, sugarcane, banana, and cotton in selected districts of Maharashtra (India). The before-after comparison method is adopted using the data collected from the pre-tested interview schedules from 116 drip irrigation adopters in Maharashtra. Results indicate that after drip irrigation adoption, farmers experienced higher yields, profits and saved water across the three crops. The per hectare yield of banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased by 73%, 36%, and 80%, respectively. After adopting drip irrigation, the power usage for irrigation per hectare was approximately half for banana and sugarcane and 86% for cotton. With drip irrigation, farmers could grow the sample crops with higher intensity. Thus, overall power consumption for irrigation for banana cultivators increased by 20%, while for sugarcane and cotton it was still lower. The benefit-cost ratio indicated that the drip investment for all three crops is economically viable with and without subsidy. Interaction with farmers reveals that marginal and small farmers need financial assistance to deal with the increasing cost of cultivation. Thus, the government must continue to promote the usage of drip technology through extension services as well as provide the subsidy. HIGHlIGHtS m With the adoption of drip irrigation, the per hectare yield and net returns of banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased considerably. m Drip irrigation has benefitted the farmers and is economically viable even without subsidy for commercial crops like sugarcane, cotton, and banana. m Power consumption with drip irrigation adoption reduces. However, it is not a sure-shot strategy to conserve water.
Transformation of an underdeveloped economy into a modern economy takes place as surplus labor fr... more Transformation of an underdeveloped economy into a modern economy takes place as surplus labor from the dominant agricultural sector in rural areas is transferred to the non-farm sector. Development experience of a country like India shows that the economy has not been able to absorb the surplus agricultural labor by creating adequate non-farm employment opportunities. One of the initiatives of the Government of India has been the implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in 2006 which is considered to be one of the largest public works program in the world. In view of its potential of MGNREGS to change the rural landscape by generating wage employment for the rural poor and creating assets and infrastructure for the agricultural sector, an attempt has been made in this paper to study the implementation of the scheme in the state of Maharashtra which is one of the leading states of India. The paper studies the implementation of the scheme in the state and analyzes the outcomes of the scheme in terms of extent of employment generation, asset creation and expenditure incurred in Maharashtra. Various constraints of the scheme are also observed. Finally, the paper discusses limitations and potentials of the scheme as well as policy implications. The study is based on secondary data, and is supported by discussions and qualitative data collected from the field by the authors. The analysis shows that MGNREGS has shown potential to introduce positive changes in the village economies, traditionally dependent on subsistence and dry agriculture, provided that adequate work is made available whenever needed. It is observed that the scheme will be sustainable and successful if it leads to creation of durable assets and efficient water resource management thus ultimately increasing productivity of the state agricultural sector.
Agricultural Situation in India, Jul 1, 2017
Agricultural Situation in India, 2010
Agro-Economic Research Centre, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics Pune, Apr 1, 2011
The paper estimates the economic impact of the micro irrigation adoption Scheme "Per Drop More Cr... more The paper estimates the economic impact of the micro irrigation adoption Scheme "Per Drop More Crop" of the Government of India. The Government provides subsidies under this scheme for the adoption of drip-sprinkler irrigation systems. The paper evaluates the costs, income and yields changes due to drip irrigation adoption among sugarcane, banana and cotton farmers of Maharashtra province in India. Before/after the design is adopted to evaluate the changes and data was collected using the pre-tested interview schedules from overall 116 drip irrigation adopters in Maharashtra in 2019-20. The survey results revealed drip irrigation adoption increased yields, profits and saved water. Under drip irrigation method, per hectare yield of banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased by 73%, 36% and 80% respectively. The average operational costs of sugarcane declined by 9%, while for banana and cotton, it increased by 17% and 19%. Net returns for banana, sugarcane, and cotton increased by 202%,5237%, and 296% respectively. It was observed a reduction in inputs usage viz. labour, fertilisers, weedicide, and electricity. With drip irrigation, farmers were able to grow sample crops with higher intensity. Micro Irrigation has benefitted the farmers and the government must continue to promote the usage of this technology through extension services as well as providing subsidies.
GIPE, Pune had organized a webinar on 19 June 2020. The speaker, Prof. Sangeeta Shroff (Officer-i... more GIPE, Pune had organized a webinar on 19 June 2020. The speaker, Prof. Sangeeta Shroff (Officer-in-Charge Agro-Economic Research Center, Maharashtra (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India) talked about the challenges and losses Maharashtra farmers faced for select horticulture crops, milk, and poultry and the opportunities that have been emerged from the pandemic
Social Science Research Network, 2006
In this paper we look at the determinants of suicide rates in developing countries by looking at ... more In this paper we look at the determinants of suicide rates in developing countries by looking at the incidence of suicides in the various states of the Indian union. A thorough analysis of socioeconomic factors affecting suicide rates in developed countries was conducted by Emile Durkheim towards the end of the nineteenth century and recently by Helliwell among others. However, no comparable work has been done in the case of developing countries. A big difference between our Indian study and the studies on developed countries is that neither literacy, nor the level of urbanization nor unemployment rates turn out to be significant determinants of suicide rates in our analysis. However, per capita income is a significant and positive determinant of suicide rates in both sets of studies.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing, 2021
KOLHAPUR: As many as one lakh families of farmers in the state opted out of agriculture, their so... more KOLHAPUR: As many as one lakh families of farmers in the state opted out of agriculture, their sole profession, in the last five years, according to the latest agriculture Census figures. Experts expressed fears that the trend might continue with the availability of other income sources and tolerance level of the farmers reaching its peak. The final figures of agricultural land holdings for 2015-16 will be released later. According to the agriculture Census of 2010-11, there were 136 lakh agricultural land holdings in the state. State agriculture and revenue minister Eknath Khadse said the figure has now shrunk to 135 lakh. The minister said land acquisition for industrialization, road widening and creation of new roads have eaten up the agricultural land. As per the agriculture Census of 2005-06, there were 137 lakh farmers' families in Maharashtra. It means that the number of farmers quitting agricultural activities between 2005-6 and 2010-11 reduced by one lakh. Similarly, another one lakh farmers opted out of the profession from 2011-12 till today. Speaking to TOI, Khadse said, "There are 135 lakh land holding families in the state at present. As may 90 lakh of them are marginal farmers, who own less than one hectare land. The fact is alarming as agricultural land is getting divided further into small pieces, which directly affects production. Remaining 45 lakh people are small, medium and large farmers, who actually have the capacity of producing foodgrains at large scale, which can be traded. The marginal farmers are mostly into vegetable or small scale foodgrain production, which has little role in the trade." Over the last five-six decades, the state has witnessed a successive trend of increase in the number of farmers in terms of land division and population growth. However, the number of farmers in the state started shrinking from 2010-11. The number was 1.37 crore in the state in 2010-11, but went down to 1.36 crore by 2013-14. During the same period, the area of operational holding and average size of operational holding also went down. In 2010-11, altogether 2,00,05,000 hectares of land was under cultivation in the state, which has now declined to 1,97,67,000 hectares. The average size of operational land holding also dipped from 1.46 hectares to 1.44 hectares. Sangeeta Shroff, associate professor at Pune-based Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, said the situation is far more serious. "Of the total labour force in the state, 52.7% are in the agriculture sector. Further division shows that 25.4% are cultivators (land owners), while 27.3% are agricultural labourers. It means that there are more labourers in the state than land owners. If labour force figures from Mumbai, Thane, Raigad, Pune, Nagpur, Nashik and Aurangabad are removed, the employment number through agriculture sector stands at 81.36%. It means there are hardly any means of employment in the rural areas barring agriculture," she said. She said encouraging agro-processing industries in the rural areas and infrastructure development should be undertaken on priority to control the overall downfall in the sector. "The biggest factor behind farmers being discouraged to leave agriculture is poor irrigation facilities. The irrigation cover in the state is not more than 18%, of which a huge area is used for sugarcane cultivation. A cash crop like cotton is largely rainfed putting pressure on the farmers for making irrigation arrangements. Besides, foodgrain cultivation is also largely dependent on monsoon, which is adding to farmers' frustration. Unless these issues are tackled, the sector will continue to remain in poor light," Shroff added
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 2010
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 2012
Artha Vijnana: Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, 2015