Santiago Carreira - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Santiago Carreira

Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 2016

Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació

Since its inception, photography has played an important role as a documentary tool. It has been ... more Since its inception, photography has played an important role as a documentary tool. It has been used to communicate and disseminate biodiversity research and conservation projects in different parts of the world. Today, the extraordinary technological development and popularity of photography has allowed it to be used to collect data for different types of scientific projects and to facilitate a much more fluid exchange of information between the scientific community and the public, for example in citizen science programmes. However, a paradigm shift is now being proposed for photography to move beyond its purely artistic sense to reveal its informative and knowledge-generating potential in the field of conservation.

Cuadernos De Herpetologia, 2004

del Uruguay, basado en el índice propuesto por Reca et al. (1994), y se aplican las categorías pr... more del Uruguay, basado en el índice propuesto por Reca et al. (1994), y se aplican las categorías propuestas por Ávila et al. (2000). Se analizaron en total 17 especies, de las cuales se destacan como vulnerables (V) Leposternon microcephalum, Anisolepis undulatus, Tropidurus torquatus y Stenocercus azureus, representando el 23,5% de los taxones investigados. La limitación principal detectada en la utilización del índice de Reca es que, dada la carencia de información básica sobre algunas especies, los resultados deben ser re-evaluados de forma constante ante la generación de nuevos conocimientos.

Phalotris lemniscatus es la unica especie representante del genero Phalotris en Uruguay. Esta esp... more Phalotris lemniscatus es la unica especie representante del genero Phalotris en Uruguay. Esta especie tiene una amplia distribucion que incluye Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul en Brasil y el norte de Argentina que se extiende a las areas fronterizas con Bolivia y Paraguay. Aunque este ofidio no es agresivo, se registraron dos accidentes graves en Uruguay. Los mismos ocurrieron en las manos despues de manipulacion excesiva y prolongada de los ejemplares. Localmente presentaron edema leve, pero en terminos sistemicos el veneno de Phalotris causo importantes alteraciones en la coagulacion. Los pacientes se recuperaron totalmente despues de 3 dias. Aunque no hay evidencia de reactividad cruzada, no se descartaria en principio una posible terapia serica anti Bothrops . Seran necesarios mas estudios para establecer una terapia adecuada para los envenenamientos graves provocados por esta especie.

there was no information about the variations degree in Bothrops pubescens venoms until the prese... more there was no information about the variations degree in Bothrops pubescens venoms until the present work, in which we investigated intraspecific venom variation using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). We found some differences in the venom protein profile; however, they were not related to the parameters studied (geographic distribution, weight, sex, and captivity time). Moreover, we distinguished two different groups in relation to band densities at 49 and 57 kDa. Specimens with predominant density in the 49kDa band tend to be predominantly females. Weight distribution in this group extended for all the range (150-1500 g) with an average weight of 720 g. The other group (57kDa predominant band) showed restricted weight range (150-400 g) with an average weight of 280 g. Cluster analysis was also performed. The variability observed in the venom profile probably corresponds to genetic variations.

Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 2010

The native species of amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay were categorized according to the IUCN R... more The native species of amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay were categorized according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Out of 47 amphibian species, seven are listed as Critically Endangered (CR), five as Endangered (EN), one as Vulnerable (VU), three as Near Threatened (NT), and two as Data Deficient (DD); the remaining species are considered to be Least Concern (LC). Among the 64 species of reptiles evaluated, one is listed as Critically Endangered (CR), seven as Endangered (EN), two as Vulnerable (VU), one as Near Threatened (NT) and seven as Data Deficient (DD); the rest are considered to be Least Concern (LC). The use of these results as an additional criterion in the definition of protected areas in Uruguay will contribute towards the conservation of the aforementioned threatened species and their associated ecosystems.

Check List, 2012

A new locality for Ophiodes intermedius is reported for Uruguay. The new record at Punta Gorda, D... more A new locality for Ophiodes intermedius is reported for Uruguay. The new record at Punta Gorda, Departamento Colonia, is the first departmental record, and extends the known distribution in Uruguay approximately 150 km to the south. This taxon is restricted to the fast developing western littoral of Uruguay, and a frequent assessment of its regional conservation status is recommended.

Reptilia Revista Especializada En Reptiles Anfibios Y Artropodos, 2009

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2012

Snake envenomation and its treatment cause the entry of two kind of foreign antigens into the hum... more Snake envenomation and its treatment cause the entry of two kind of foreign antigens into the human body: snake toxins and antivenom from animal origin. Samples of patients bitten by snakes in Uruguay were assayed to determine levels of human antibodies against venom and antivenom. The ELISA results showed that most of the patients presented an important increase of IgG and IgM antibodies against antivenom at day 15 post accident. Antibodies were reactive against both equine immunoglobulin chains by western blot assay. In the case of the response against the venom, increase in titre at day 15 was of a minor degree as compared with the antivenom by ELISA. Only one of the patients showed an important increase of IgG and IgM levels against Bothropoides pubescens and only of IgG level against Rhinocerophis alternatus. This patient also showed an extensive reactivity against B. pubescens by western blot.

The aim of this work is to summarize the scientific knowledge of Uruguayan reptiles. In this stud... more The aim of this work is to summarize the scientific knowledge of Uruguayan reptiles. In this study we considered 61 species of reptiles based on 4700 records from the main scientific collections of the country. We derived geographic distributions from georeferenced records superimposed on a grid of 302 quadrants and we generated a cumulative curve of species. Based on estimates of species richness, we suggest that as many as seven additional species of continental reptiles could be present in Uruguay, which have not been found in the field but, if accounted for in future studies, they would eventually increase reptile richness to 68 species. The degree of knowledge at the moment of the present analysis would be 90.2%. The observed richness increases linearly with the collection effort and suggests that the optimal effort per cell is 80 records. In 29% of the quadrants there was no information, whereas 67% can be considered undersampled. Only 4% of the quadrants may be interpreted as well-known. The degree of knowledge about the diversity of reptiles is very limited in terms of scientific evidence. This study allows a better understanding of the nature and localization of the information gaps concerning of this zoological group.

status assessment of the amphibians and reptiles of Uruguay

REVISTA MEDICA DEL URUGUAY

Las mordeduras por ofidios del género Micrurus son infrecuentes a nivel mundial. En Uruguay los e... more Las mordeduras por ofidios del género Micrurus son infrecuentes a nivel mundial. En Uruguay los emponzoñamientos son exclusivamente por Bothrops alternatus y B. pubescens (crucera y yarará). Desde 1986 la notificación de casos de ofidismo es obligatoria ante el Centro de Información y Asesoramiento Toxicológico (CIAT), no habiéndose registrado casos por mordedura de Micrurus altirostris hasta este reporte clínico. Se presenta el primer caso clínico de mordedura por víbora de coral (Micrurus altirostris) en nuestro país, destacándose la gravedad del mismo dada la neurotoxicidad que presentó evolucionando a parálisis respiratoria que requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva. Buena evolución con el sostén de funciones vitales implementado, no requiriendo neostigmina, logrando extubación y reversión completa del cuadro al cuarto día. El antídoto de este emponzoñamiento (suero antielapídico) presenta limitada disponibilidad a nivel mundial, no contando con el mismo en nuestro país, por lo que en casos graves, particularmente con falla respiratoria, la asistencia ventilatoria mecánica es el principal pilar terapéutico.

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2016

Abstract Males have traditionally been the focus of study when analyzing traits involved in commu... more Abstract Males have traditionally been the focus of study when analyzing traits involved in communication. However, intraspecific interactions often imply both sexes as signals senders. Researches have shown the relevant role that chemical communication plays in lizards. However, the knowledge about the female scents is scarce. The aim of this paper is to characterize, by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the lipophilic fraction of precloacal gland secretions of adult males and females of the lizard Liolaemus wiegmannii and evaluate intersexual differences in composition and proportion of their chemical profiles. We identified 48 and 41 lipohilic compounds in males and females, respectively. The main compounds were steroids and waxy esters. We also found squalene, alcohols, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. Overall, we found significant differences between sexes with respect to the relative proportions of compounds. We also found differences in proportions of three of the five predominant compounds shared by both sexes (squalene, cholesta-3,5-dien and cholesta-2,4-dien). Our study describes that females of L. wiegmannii hold lipids in their precloacal secretions, which are further clearly different from those of males. Further researches are needed to understand the ecological implications of these sexual differences in precloacal secretion of L. wiegmannii.

ABSTRACT The knowledge about the composition of wild communities is a basic tool in the planning ... more ABSTRACT The knowledge about the composition of wild communities is a basic tool in the planning of conservation and development strategies. The history of Herpetology in Uruguay is relatively young and the first works were published in the mid XIX Century, after the visit of famous European naturalists. The first Uruguayan studies on this subject start with the works of D.A. Larrañaga, consolidating by 1925 (G.J. Devincenzi) and becoming a relevant production after 1950. Recently, herpetological research has developed in many regions of Uruguay. These actions provide the basis for future works in two basic directions: the knowledge of the current status and distribution of the species (extensive works) and the synopsis works that summarize information and allow the detection of information gaps. The Uruguayan coast hosts a rich fauna of amphibians and reptiles, which is commonly associated to fresh water bodies. Among the herpetological taxa inhabiting psamophilic environments, the...