Santosh Satya - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Santosh Satya

Effect of domestic processing techniques on the mineral content in soybean

Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010

Advances in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences - Open Journal, 2016

Pesticide residue dissipation in chickpea legume under simulated storage conditions as well as ef... more Pesticide residue dissipation in chickpea legume under simulated storage conditions as well as effect of processing techniques was investigated. Further, the impact of pesticide residues was studied on micronutrient bioavailability. Background: Food quality and safety have assumed an important dimension in current scenario. It is important to investigate the pesticide residues present in the grains from storage in warehouses and their dissipation through processing. Methods: Pesticide residues in chickpea grains were analyzed through gas chromatography (GC) while simulated gastric digestion was undertaken for bioavailability. Results: The dissipation pattern of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites under grain storage conditions for 5 months revealed that the residues exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) values right from the beginning of the storage. The effect of processing techniques showed that soaking and germination eliminated almost all the pesticide residues. However, the build-up of toxic metabolite oxon during pressure cooking and microwave (MW) cooking is a matter of great concern because of its greater toxicity than parent pesticide molecule. The impact of pesticide residues on the bioavailability of micronutrients showed that chlorpyrifos did not impact the bioavailability of Fe and Zn but significantly reduced the bioavailability of Cu and Mn at the highest spiking level (25 ppm) of chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: Storage of grains leads to accumulation of residues which are eliminated by household processing techniques. Pesticide residues impact micronutrient bioavailability in grains.

Impact of Chlorpyrifos Residues on Micronutrient Bioavailability in Chickpea

Food Digestion, 2010

Abstract Food safety is an area of current concern in view of contamination of food commodities w... more Abstract Food safety is an area of current concern in view of contamination of food commodities with xenobiotics such as heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and residues of veterinary drugs. The toxic pesticide residues present in the food can interact with essential minerals thereby affecting their bioavailability for the human body. Chlorpyrifos is one of the world's most widely used organophosphorus pesticides in agriculture, especially in developing countries. Its metabolite oxon is toxicologically significant, hence it is essential ...

Preparation and characterization of Mentha×piperita oil emulsion for housefly (Musca domestica L.) control

Industrial Crops and Products, 2013

ABSTRACT

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010

The indiscriminate usage of synthetic chemicals and pesticides has led to a widespread contaminat... more The indiscriminate usage of synthetic chemicals and pesticides has led to a widespread contamination of land, water and air with harmful xenobiotics. The exposure to these toxicants results in severe health effects on organisms. Also, some natural foods contain harmless chemical species (nitrate), which however become toxic on certain conditions. Hence it is pertinent to focus attention on commonly consumed plant food materials, which can neutralize the toxicity damage caused by environmental agents. One of the most important sources of antioxidants is green tea. This review focuses on the mechanisms of oxidative damage caused by different xenobiotics and the defensive action of green tea in mitigating the damage. It is concluded that tea polyphenols, catechins and flavonoids scavenge reactive oxygen species and render a protective effect.

Parasitology Research, 2011

The housefly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common insects, associated with vectoring of... more The housefly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common insects, associated with vectoring of various etiological agents. In order to search for effective control agent, the essential oil of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] was evaluated for its insecticidal activity against the larvae and pupae of housefly using contact toxicity and fumigation bioassays. In the contact toxicity assay, lethal concentration, LC 50 of C. sinensis essential oil against housefly larvae, varied between 3.93 and 0.71 μl/cm 2 for different observation days, while lethal time, LT 50 , varied between 5.8 to 2.3 days. Mortality of larvae were significant with different concentrations (F02.79, df04, P<0.05) and time (F06.69, df03, P<0.01). In fumigant assay for housefly larvae, LC 50 of 71.2 and 52.6 μl/l was obtained in 24 and 48 h, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of oil treated larvae revealed extreme dehydration and surface distortion while control larvae were free from any of the above symptoms and presented smooth surface, conforming effect of essential oil on housefly larvae. Percentage inhibition rate of oil against housefly pupae was 27.3-72.7% for contact toxicity and 46.4-100% for fumigation assay. Compositional analysis of C. sinensis essential oil using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed Dlimonene (73.24%), α-pinene (5.86%) and myrcene (4.45%) as major components whereas its vapour profile (solid-phase micro extraction-GC/MS) was dominated by D-limonene at 92.57%. Significant activity of C. sinensis essential oil against larvae and pupae of housefly, pave the way for its use as eco-friendly housefly control measure.

The Journal of American …, 2005

Scientific investigations have established the viability of using earthworms as a treatment techn... more Scientific investigations have established the viability of using earthworms as a treatment technique for numerous waste streams besides producing organic fertilizers. Vermicomposting results in the bioconversion of the waste stream into two useful products, earthworm biomass and vermicompost. The former can be used as a protein source whereas vermicompost is considered as an excellent product since it is homogenous, has desirable aesthetics, has reduced level of contaminates, has plant growth hormones, higher level of soil enzymes, greater microbial population and tends to hold more nutrients over a longer period without adversely impacting the environment. Earthworm while ingest organic waste and soil, consume heavy metals through their intestine as well as through their skin, wherefore concentrating heavy metals in their body. The present paper review the current state of knowledge on biology and species of earthworm, vermiculturing, earthworm interaction with microflora; and on the use of earthworms for waste stabilization, vermicompost production for plant growth and heavy metal accumulation. [The

Abstract Food quality and safety is an area of growing worldwide concern on account of its associ... more Abstract Food quality and safety is an area of growing worldwide concern on account of its association with health. Food processing offers a suitable approach to deal with the current scenario of poor quality and unsafe food prevalent in the developing countries. Food legumes are widely consumed over the world on account of their nutritive value. The effects of common domestic processing techniques like soaking, germination (1, 2 and 3 day) and cooking (microwave, pressure and ordinary cooking) were studied on the carbohydrate, ...

Adulticidal and larvicidal activity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), in laboratory and simulated field bioassays

Parasitology Research, 2011

The susceptibility of the adult and larval stage of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscid... more The susceptibility of the adult and larval stage of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor. and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., was evaluated under laboratory and simulated field bioassays. Bioassays on adult houseflies were carried out at different conidial concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(9) conidia/ml in petri plate and minichamber assays. Absolute mortality was observed within 4-5 days at all the concentrations tested. M. anisopliae was found to be more effective with LC(50) of 6.75 × 10(7) conidia/ml compared with 1.21 × 10(8) conidia/ml of B. bassiana in petri plate bioassay. Similar trend was observed in minichamber bioassay. Larvicidal activity evaluated through petri plate bioassay also indicated that M. anisopliae was more effective larvicide with LC(50) of 4.1 × 10(8) conidia/ml as against 3.31 × 10(9) conidia/ml of B. bassiana. Larvicidal activity was further evaluated in simulated field condition of decaying waste matrix using dry conidial formulations (10(8) conidia/g) of both the fungi. Larval mortality obtained in this assay was 43% (B. bassiana) and 63% (M. anisopliae). Remarkably better performance of M. anisopliae as an adulticidal and larvicidal agent over B. bassiana in laboratory bioassays as well as simulated field conditions suggests that it may have good potential to become part of an integrated housefly control program.

Composting effects of Pongamia pinnata on tomato fertilization

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2009

In the present investigation, tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) was grown in garden soil ame... more In the present investigation, tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) was grown in garden soil amended with increasing concentrations (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%) of composted de-oiled seed cake of Pongamia pinnata (karanj) in order to study the effect on morphological (length of plant, leaves per plant, number of flowers and fruits and fruit yield), chemical and nutritional (moisture, total soluble solids,

Direct solutions of pipe flow problems are not possible because of the implicit form of Colebrook... more Direct solutions of pipe flow problems are not possible because of the implicit form of Colebrook-White equation, which is most commonly used for determining the friction factor of commercial pipes. New empirical equations for head loss, h , due to friction undergone by water flowing in the PVC, commercial steel, asphalted cast iron, galvanized iron, cast iron and concrete pipes

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010

Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world as these are good sources of dietary proteins... more Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world as these are good sources of dietary proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. Common domestic processing techniques like soaking, germination and cooking enhance the digestibility and nutritive value of legumes. The effects of soaking, germination (1, 2 and 3 day) and cooking (microwave, pressure and ordinary cooking) were studied on the carbohydrates, crude protein, mineral and vitamin content of soybean. Germination (2nd day) leads to significant increases in the sugar, crude protein, Ca, Cu, Mn, Zn, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid content. Microwave cooking resulted in greater retention of minerals and vitamins as compared to pressure cooking and ordinary cooking. Based on the results, germination (day 2) for soybean should be popularised as a simple process for naturally fortifying food with essential minerals and vitamins. While amongst cooking methods, microwave cooking could be suggested for soybean preparation.

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010

Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world on account of their high nutritive value. The... more Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world on account of their high nutritive value. These days legumes are greatly consumed on account of their therapeutic value in various lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and cancer. However, legumes contain several antinutritional factors in the raw seeds that need to be reduced by processing so as to enhance the digestibility and nutritive value. This review discusses the effect of common processing techniques viz ordinary cooking, pressure-cooking, microwave cooking, germination and soaking on the nutritional parameters and the antinutrients. A combination of the above techniques and also the effect of additives (such as citric acid, sodium bicarbonate used during processing) on the nutritional quality of the legumes has also been done. A comparison of the various techniques hence allows for the selection of the best processing technique that enhances the nutritional value with minimum loss of nutrients and maximum reduction in antinutrients. Extensive literature review demonstrates that in most cases such processing methods lead to considerable enhancement in the nutritional status of the prepared food legume. It is concluded that amongst all the processing techniques germination is the best one as it significantly enhances the nutritional value of legumes. For example, increase in content and bioavailability of minerals, vitamins, digestibility and decrease in antinutrients during germination is well established. Similarly, cooking treatments (ordinary cooking, pressure-cooking and microwave cooking) in addition to improving the digestibility lead to a considerable decrease in the antinutrients. Microwave cooking could be recommended for legume preparation, not only for improving nutritional quality (better retention rates of both B-vitamins and minerals, reduction in the level of antinutritional factors as well as increase in vitro protein digestibility), but also for reducing the cooking time. With respect to the whole soaking and cooking processes, the best conditions, which result in minimum vitamin loss, are 9 h soaking in 0.1% citric acid solution or in water and subsequent microwave cooking of the seeds. These conditions are found to be optimal for best retention of other nutrients as well.

Chemical Health and Safety, 2005

In the light of recent increased interest in obtaining data on fate of pesticide residues during ... more In the light of recent increased interest in obtaining data on fate of pesticide residues during processing of food commodities for the more realistic estimates of the dietary intake of the pesticides, the present study was carried out to investigate the dissipation of pesticides during bread-making and the effect of pesticide contamination in the substrate on yeast growth required to mediate the fermentation. The bread was prepared from wheat flour spiked at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg) with six pesticides (endosulfan, hexaconazole, propiaconazole, malathion, chlorpyriphos and deltamethrin) belonging to different chemical families. A simple, rapid analytical procedure for the quantification of analytes of interest in the matrix was developed using gas chromatography with electron capture detector. During bread-making process, considerable loss of pesticides (47-89%) was observed. Pesticide degradation during the process showed negative correlation with concentration of pesticides in wheat flour. The presence of endosulfan, hexaconazole and propiaconazole in the matrix suppressed the growth of the yeast in the range 7.5-33.5%, 12.5-44.7% and 11-40%, respectively. Other pesticides (malathion, chlorpyriphos and deltamethrin) did not show any significant effect on yeast growth. This kind of study is among the critical supporting studies required for the more realistic estimates to be made of the dietary intake of the pesticides and would help formulating regulatory guidelines for management of residues on such products by fixing or re-evaluating MRLs for their quality assurance and control.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010

House fly ( Musca domestica ): A review of control strategies for a challenging pest

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2007

Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), commonly called the house fly, is a major domestic, medic... more Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), commonly called the house fly, is a major domestic, medical and veterinary pest that causes irritation, spoils food and acts as a vector for many pathogenic organisms. In this paper, the social and health problems related to housefly are introduced with the associated need to control its population. Physical and chemical methods of house fly control are briefly discussed. The main focus of this review is on the biological control methods for house fly control, that comprise botanical, fungal, bacterial and parasitoid agents. Although several biocontrol agents are still in the nascent stage, some of them (especially fungal and parasitoid agents) have shown reliable field performance and seem to be suitable candidates for commercialization. However, the majority of these laboratory and field studies have been conducted in the temperate region. It remains to be seen whether the application of biocontrol agents would be feasible in tropical environments. The integrated pest management practices, which can provide more reliable field performance, have also been discussed. A multi-dimensional approach that exerts control on all the life stages of house fly, but simultaneously preserves the fly&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s natural enemies could be an ecologically sustainable way of maintaining the fly populations below maximally acceptable limits.

Effect of heavy metal supplementation on local ( Allolobophora parva ) and exotic ( Eisenia fetida ) earthworm species: A comparative study

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2009

This study compares the effects of different metal concentration on survival, reproduction and to... more This study compares the effects of different metal concentration on survival, reproduction and total metal accumulation by two different earthworm species, Allolobophora parva and Eisenia fetida. The substrate was spiked with different heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Cd) with concentrations varying from 500-2500 mg/kg. Cu resulted in complete mortality at all doses for both species. The accumulation of heavy metals for Eisenia fetida in 45 days was in order of Cr&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Cd&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Pb&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Zn where as for Allolobophora parva was Cd&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Cr&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Pb&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Zn. Allolobophora parva accumulated significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals was found in Allolobophora parva as compared to Eisenia fetida. The percentage uptake for Cr and Pb ranged from 65-26% and 39-16% for Eisenia fetida while it was 83-30% and 70-24% for Allolobophora parva at 500-2500 mg/kg. Zn uptake was similar for both species. In case of Cd, uptake percentage for Eisenia fetida at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for local species it was 73% and 52%. Zn produced at 100% mortality at both 1500 and 2500 mg/kg, Cd produced was 43% and 44%, whereas 100% mortality at the highest concentration studied (2500 mg/kg). A mortality of 56-64% was observed at a concentration of 500-2500 mg/kg concentration of Cr while 57-68% mortality was found at 500-2500 mg/kg concentration of Pb. Cd had the greatest detrimental effect on cocoon production by Eisenia fetida and Allolobophora parva. Overall, it is concluded that local earthworm species especially the native species Allolobophora parva have tremendous potential to take up heavy metals from contaminated media/soils.

Biological removal of Cr (VI) by bacterial isolates obtained from metal contaminated sites

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2008

Present study demonstrates the application of indigenous bacteria and pure culture of Azotobacter... more Present study demonstrates the application of indigenous bacteria and pure culture of Azotobacter for removal of Cr (VI) from the aqueous solution and industrial effluent. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 3 bacterial isolates (B1, B2, B3) and pure culture of Azotobacter. The effect of various parameters such as effect of initial Cr (VI) concentration, biomass dose, and time were examined to study the biosorption and bioaccumulation separately using live and dead cells, respectively. It was found that bacterial isolate B2 showed maximum Cr (IV) removal capacity (102 mg g (-1) biomass, dry weight) at initial Cr (VI) concentration of 150 mg/L. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model was applied, which gave a good representation of the experimental equilibrium concentrations for the biosorption of Cr (VI). During bioaccumulation process also live bacterial strain B2 showed maximum bioaccumulation i.e., 106 mg g(-1) at initial Cr (VI) concentration of 150 mg/L at pH 4.0. Bioaccumulation process was found to be time dependent since removal of Cr (VI) increased with time and equilibrium state was reached at 72-96 hours. This study demonstrates the potential of indigenous bacterial strains isolated from the contaminated site for evolving eco-friendly treatment for small-scale industrial effluent.

Effect of organic amendments on microbial activity in chlorpyrifos contaminated soil

Journal of Environmental Management, 2012

The aim of this research was to study the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on soil microbi... more The aim of this research was to study the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on soil microbial activity and to evaluate the efficacy of different organic amendments as a biostimulation agent for sustaining the microbial activity and thereby assisting in the remediation of CPF (10 ppm) contaminated soil. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions (37 °C) up to 74 days; CPF was analyzed by GC-ECD while dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was measured as one of the indices of soil microbial activity. Throughout the experiment, there was higher microbial activity in uncontaminated soil (S) as compared to CPF contaminated soil (SP) and overall a considerably high reduction (63.51%) in average DHA was noticed in CPF contaminated soil. Organic amendments enhanced the microbial activity over unamended CPF contaminated soil. The trend of DHA on 24th day was MS (SP + 1% Mushroom Spent) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;VC (SP + 1% Vermicompost) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;BS (SP + 1% Biogas Slurry) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;SP (Soil spiked with 10 ppm CPF) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;FM (SP + 1% Farmyard Manure). The enhancement in pesticide dissipation over the unamended soil showed the following trend VC (37%)&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;MS (24%) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;FM (1.9%). In spite of sufficient DHA, BS could not enhance pesticide dissipation over the unamended soil (SP). These results indicate the potential of vermicompost and mushroom spent compost as suitable biostimulation agents to sustain the microbial activity in CPF contaminated soil.

Effect of domestic processing techniques on the mineral content in soybean

Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010

Advances in Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences - Open Journal, 2016

Pesticide residue dissipation in chickpea legume under simulated storage conditions as well as ef... more Pesticide residue dissipation in chickpea legume under simulated storage conditions as well as effect of processing techniques was investigated. Further, the impact of pesticide residues was studied on micronutrient bioavailability. Background: Food quality and safety have assumed an important dimension in current scenario. It is important to investigate the pesticide residues present in the grains from storage in warehouses and their dissipation through processing. Methods: Pesticide residues in chickpea grains were analyzed through gas chromatography (GC) while simulated gastric digestion was undertaken for bioavailability. Results: The dissipation pattern of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites under grain storage conditions for 5 months revealed that the residues exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) values right from the beginning of the storage. The effect of processing techniques showed that soaking and germination eliminated almost all the pesticide residues. However, the build-up of toxic metabolite oxon during pressure cooking and microwave (MW) cooking is a matter of great concern because of its greater toxicity than parent pesticide molecule. The impact of pesticide residues on the bioavailability of micronutrients showed that chlorpyrifos did not impact the bioavailability of Fe and Zn but significantly reduced the bioavailability of Cu and Mn at the highest spiking level (25 ppm) of chlorpyrifos. Conclusion: Storage of grains leads to accumulation of residues which are eliminated by household processing techniques. Pesticide residues impact micronutrient bioavailability in grains.

Impact of Chlorpyrifos Residues on Micronutrient Bioavailability in Chickpea

Food Digestion, 2010

Abstract Food safety is an area of current concern in view of contamination of food commodities w... more Abstract Food safety is an area of current concern in view of contamination of food commodities with xenobiotics such as heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, and residues of veterinary drugs. The toxic pesticide residues present in the food can interact with essential minerals thereby affecting their bioavailability for the human body. Chlorpyrifos is one of the world&amp;amp;#x27;s most widely used organophosphorus pesticides in agriculture, especially in developing countries. Its metabolite oxon is toxicologically significant, hence it is essential ...

Preparation and characterization of Mentha×piperita oil emulsion for housefly (Musca domestica L.) control

Industrial Crops and Products, 2013

ABSTRACT

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010

The indiscriminate usage of synthetic chemicals and pesticides has led to a widespread contaminat... more The indiscriminate usage of synthetic chemicals and pesticides has led to a widespread contamination of land, water and air with harmful xenobiotics. The exposure to these toxicants results in severe health effects on organisms. Also, some natural foods contain harmless chemical species (nitrate), which however become toxic on certain conditions. Hence it is pertinent to focus attention on commonly consumed plant food materials, which can neutralize the toxicity damage caused by environmental agents. One of the most important sources of antioxidants is green tea. This review focuses on the mechanisms of oxidative damage caused by different xenobiotics and the defensive action of green tea in mitigating the damage. It is concluded that tea polyphenols, catechins and flavonoids scavenge reactive oxygen species and render a protective effect.

Parasitology Research, 2011

The housefly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common insects, associated with vectoring of... more The housefly, Musca domestica L., is one of the most common insects, associated with vectoring of various etiological agents. In order to search for effective control agent, the essential oil of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] was evaluated for its insecticidal activity against the larvae and pupae of housefly using contact toxicity and fumigation bioassays. In the contact toxicity assay, lethal concentration, LC 50 of C. sinensis essential oil against housefly larvae, varied between 3.93 and 0.71 μl/cm 2 for different observation days, while lethal time, LT 50 , varied between 5.8 to 2.3 days. Mortality of larvae were significant with different concentrations (F02.79, df04, P<0.05) and time (F06.69, df03, P<0.01). In fumigant assay for housefly larvae, LC 50 of 71.2 and 52.6 μl/l was obtained in 24 and 48 h, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of oil treated larvae revealed extreme dehydration and surface distortion while control larvae were free from any of the above symptoms and presented smooth surface, conforming effect of essential oil on housefly larvae. Percentage inhibition rate of oil against housefly pupae was 27.3-72.7% for contact toxicity and 46.4-100% for fumigation assay. Compositional analysis of C. sinensis essential oil using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed Dlimonene (73.24%), α-pinene (5.86%) and myrcene (4.45%) as major components whereas its vapour profile (solid-phase micro extraction-GC/MS) was dominated by D-limonene at 92.57%. Significant activity of C. sinensis essential oil against larvae and pupae of housefly, pave the way for its use as eco-friendly housefly control measure.

The Journal of American …, 2005

Scientific investigations have established the viability of using earthworms as a treatment techn... more Scientific investigations have established the viability of using earthworms as a treatment technique for numerous waste streams besides producing organic fertilizers. Vermicomposting results in the bioconversion of the waste stream into two useful products, earthworm biomass and vermicompost. The former can be used as a protein source whereas vermicompost is considered as an excellent product since it is homogenous, has desirable aesthetics, has reduced level of contaminates, has plant growth hormones, higher level of soil enzymes, greater microbial population and tends to hold more nutrients over a longer period without adversely impacting the environment. Earthworm while ingest organic waste and soil, consume heavy metals through their intestine as well as through their skin, wherefore concentrating heavy metals in their body. The present paper review the current state of knowledge on biology and species of earthworm, vermiculturing, earthworm interaction with microflora; and on the use of earthworms for waste stabilization, vermicompost production for plant growth and heavy metal accumulation. [The

Abstract Food quality and safety is an area of growing worldwide concern on account of its associ... more Abstract Food quality and safety is an area of growing worldwide concern on account of its association with health. Food processing offers a suitable approach to deal with the current scenario of poor quality and unsafe food prevalent in the developing countries. Food legumes are widely consumed over the world on account of their nutritive value. The effects of common domestic processing techniques like soaking, germination (1, 2 and 3 day) and cooking (microwave, pressure and ordinary cooking) were studied on the carbohydrate, ...

Adulticidal and larvicidal activity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), in laboratory and simulated field bioassays

Parasitology Research, 2011

The susceptibility of the adult and larval stage of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscid... more The susceptibility of the adult and larval stage of housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to two entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sor. and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., was evaluated under laboratory and simulated field bioassays. Bioassays on adult houseflies were carried out at different conidial concentrations ranging from 10(3) to 10(9) conidia/ml in petri plate and minichamber assays. Absolute mortality was observed within 4-5 days at all the concentrations tested. M. anisopliae was found to be more effective with LC(50) of 6.75 × 10(7) conidia/ml compared with 1.21 × 10(8) conidia/ml of B. bassiana in petri plate bioassay. Similar trend was observed in minichamber bioassay. Larvicidal activity evaluated through petri plate bioassay also indicated that M. anisopliae was more effective larvicide with LC(50) of 4.1 × 10(8) conidia/ml as against 3.31 × 10(9) conidia/ml of B. bassiana. Larvicidal activity was further evaluated in simulated field condition of decaying waste matrix using dry conidial formulations (10(8) conidia/g) of both the fungi. Larval mortality obtained in this assay was 43% (B. bassiana) and 63% (M. anisopliae). Remarkably better performance of M. anisopliae as an adulticidal and larvicidal agent over B. bassiana in laboratory bioassays as well as simulated field conditions suggests that it may have good potential to become part of an integrated housefly control program.

Composting effects of Pongamia pinnata on tomato fertilization

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2009

In the present investigation, tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) was grown in garden soil ame... more In the present investigation, tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) was grown in garden soil amended with increasing concentrations (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%) of composted de-oiled seed cake of Pongamia pinnata (karanj) in order to study the effect on morphological (length of plant, leaves per plant, number of flowers and fruits and fruit yield), chemical and nutritional (moisture, total soluble solids,

Direct solutions of pipe flow problems are not possible because of the implicit form of Colebrook... more Direct solutions of pipe flow problems are not possible because of the implicit form of Colebrook-White equation, which is most commonly used for determining the friction factor of commercial pipes. New empirical equations for head loss, h , due to friction undergone by water flowing in the PVC, commercial steel, asphalted cast iron, galvanized iron, cast iron and concrete pipes

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010

Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world as these are good sources of dietary proteins... more Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world as these are good sources of dietary proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. Common domestic processing techniques like soaking, germination and cooking enhance the digestibility and nutritive value of legumes. The effects of soaking, germination (1, 2 and 3 day) and cooking (microwave, pressure and ordinary cooking) were studied on the carbohydrates, crude protein, mineral and vitamin content of soybean. Germination (2nd day) leads to significant increases in the sugar, crude protein, Ca, Cu, Mn, Zn, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid content. Microwave cooking resulted in greater retention of minerals and vitamins as compared to pressure cooking and ordinary cooking. Based on the results, germination (day 2) for soybean should be popularised as a simple process for naturally fortifying food with essential minerals and vitamins. While amongst cooking methods, microwave cooking could be suggested for soybean preparation.

Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2010

Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world on account of their high nutritive value. The... more Food legumes are widely consumed all over the world on account of their high nutritive value. These days legumes are greatly consumed on account of their therapeutic value in various lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and cancer. However, legumes contain several antinutritional factors in the raw seeds that need to be reduced by processing so as to enhance the digestibility and nutritive value. This review discusses the effect of common processing techniques viz ordinary cooking, pressure-cooking, microwave cooking, germination and soaking on the nutritional parameters and the antinutrients. A combination of the above techniques and also the effect of additives (such as citric acid, sodium bicarbonate used during processing) on the nutritional quality of the legumes has also been done. A comparison of the various techniques hence allows for the selection of the best processing technique that enhances the nutritional value with minimum loss of nutrients and maximum reduction in antinutrients. Extensive literature review demonstrates that in most cases such processing methods lead to considerable enhancement in the nutritional status of the prepared food legume. It is concluded that amongst all the processing techniques germination is the best one as it significantly enhances the nutritional value of legumes. For example, increase in content and bioavailability of minerals, vitamins, digestibility and decrease in antinutrients during germination is well established. Similarly, cooking treatments (ordinary cooking, pressure-cooking and microwave cooking) in addition to improving the digestibility lead to a considerable decrease in the antinutrients. Microwave cooking could be recommended for legume preparation, not only for improving nutritional quality (better retention rates of both B-vitamins and minerals, reduction in the level of antinutritional factors as well as increase in vitro protein digestibility), but also for reducing the cooking time. With respect to the whole soaking and cooking processes, the best conditions, which result in minimum vitamin loss, are 9 h soaking in 0.1% citric acid solution or in water and subsequent microwave cooking of the seeds. These conditions are found to be optimal for best retention of other nutrients as well.

Chemical Health and Safety, 2005

In the light of recent increased interest in obtaining data on fate of pesticide residues during ... more In the light of recent increased interest in obtaining data on fate of pesticide residues during processing of food commodities for the more realistic estimates of the dietary intake of the pesticides, the present study was carried out to investigate the dissipation of pesticides during bread-making and the effect of pesticide contamination in the substrate on yeast growth required to mediate the fermentation. The bread was prepared from wheat flour spiked at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/kg) with six pesticides (endosulfan, hexaconazole, propiaconazole, malathion, chlorpyriphos and deltamethrin) belonging to different chemical families. A simple, rapid analytical procedure for the quantification of analytes of interest in the matrix was developed using gas chromatography with electron capture detector. During bread-making process, considerable loss of pesticides (47-89%) was observed. Pesticide degradation during the process showed negative correlation with concentration of pesticides in wheat flour. The presence of endosulfan, hexaconazole and propiaconazole in the matrix suppressed the growth of the yeast in the range 7.5-33.5%, 12.5-44.7% and 11-40%, respectively. Other pesticides (malathion, chlorpyriphos and deltamethrin) did not show any significant effect on yeast growth. This kind of study is among the critical supporting studies required for the more realistic estimates to be made of the dietary intake of the pesticides and would help formulating regulatory guidelines for management of residues on such products by fixing or re-evaluating MRLs for their quality assurance and control.

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010

House fly ( Musca domestica ): A review of control strategies for a challenging pest

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2007

Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), commonly called the house fly, is a major domestic, medic... more Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), commonly called the house fly, is a major domestic, medical and veterinary pest that causes irritation, spoils food and acts as a vector for many pathogenic organisms. In this paper, the social and health problems related to housefly are introduced with the associated need to control its population. Physical and chemical methods of house fly control are briefly discussed. The main focus of this review is on the biological control methods for house fly control, that comprise botanical, fungal, bacterial and parasitoid agents. Although several biocontrol agents are still in the nascent stage, some of them (especially fungal and parasitoid agents) have shown reliable field performance and seem to be suitable candidates for commercialization. However, the majority of these laboratory and field studies have been conducted in the temperate region. It remains to be seen whether the application of biocontrol agents would be feasible in tropical environments. The integrated pest management practices, which can provide more reliable field performance, have also been discussed. A multi-dimensional approach that exerts control on all the life stages of house fly, but simultaneously preserves the fly&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s natural enemies could be an ecologically sustainable way of maintaining the fly populations below maximally acceptable limits.

Effect of heavy metal supplementation on local ( Allolobophora parva ) and exotic ( Eisenia fetida ) earthworm species: A comparative study

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2009

This study compares the effects of different metal concentration on survival, reproduction and to... more This study compares the effects of different metal concentration on survival, reproduction and total metal accumulation by two different earthworm species, Allolobophora parva and Eisenia fetida. The substrate was spiked with different heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Cd) with concentrations varying from 500-2500 mg/kg. Cu resulted in complete mortality at all doses for both species. The accumulation of heavy metals for Eisenia fetida in 45 days was in order of Cr&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Cd&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Pb&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Zn where as for Allolobophora parva was Cd&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Cr&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Pb&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Zn. Allolobophora parva accumulated significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals was found in Allolobophora parva as compared to Eisenia fetida. The percentage uptake for Cr and Pb ranged from 65-26% and 39-16% for Eisenia fetida while it was 83-30% and 70-24% for Allolobophora parva at 500-2500 mg/kg. Zn uptake was similar for both species. In case of Cd, uptake percentage for Eisenia fetida at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for local species it was 73% and 52%. Zn produced at 100% mortality at both 1500 and 2500 mg/kg, Cd produced was 43% and 44%, whereas 100% mortality at the highest concentration studied (2500 mg/kg). A mortality of 56-64% was observed at a concentration of 500-2500 mg/kg concentration of Cr while 57-68% mortality was found at 500-2500 mg/kg concentration of Pb. Cd had the greatest detrimental effect on cocoon production by Eisenia fetida and Allolobophora parva. Overall, it is concluded that local earthworm species especially the native species Allolobophora parva have tremendous potential to take up heavy metals from contaminated media/soils.

Biological removal of Cr (VI) by bacterial isolates obtained from metal contaminated sites

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2008

Present study demonstrates the application of indigenous bacteria and pure culture of Azotobacter... more Present study demonstrates the application of indigenous bacteria and pure culture of Azotobacter for removal of Cr (VI) from the aqueous solution and industrial effluent. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for 3 bacterial isolates (B1, B2, B3) and pure culture of Azotobacter. The effect of various parameters such as effect of initial Cr (VI) concentration, biomass dose, and time were examined to study the biosorption and bioaccumulation separately using live and dead cells, respectively. It was found that bacterial isolate B2 showed maximum Cr (IV) removal capacity (102 mg g (-1) biomass, dry weight) at initial Cr (VI) concentration of 150 mg/L. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model was applied, which gave a good representation of the experimental equilibrium concentrations for the biosorption of Cr (VI). During bioaccumulation process also live bacterial strain B2 showed maximum bioaccumulation i.e., 106 mg g(-1) at initial Cr (VI) concentration of 150 mg/L at pH 4.0. Bioaccumulation process was found to be time dependent since removal of Cr (VI) increased with time and equilibrium state was reached at 72-96 hours. This study demonstrates the potential of indigenous bacterial strains isolated from the contaminated site for evolving eco-friendly treatment for small-scale industrial effluent.

Effect of organic amendments on microbial activity in chlorpyrifos contaminated soil

Journal of Environmental Management, 2012

The aim of this research was to study the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on soil microbi... more The aim of this research was to study the inhibitory effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on soil microbial activity and to evaluate the efficacy of different organic amendments as a biostimulation agent for sustaining the microbial activity and thereby assisting in the remediation of CPF (10 ppm) contaminated soil. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions (37 °C) up to 74 days; CPF was analyzed by GC-ECD while dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was measured as one of the indices of soil microbial activity. Throughout the experiment, there was higher microbial activity in uncontaminated soil (S) as compared to CPF contaminated soil (SP) and overall a considerably high reduction (63.51%) in average DHA was noticed in CPF contaminated soil. Organic amendments enhanced the microbial activity over unamended CPF contaminated soil. The trend of DHA on 24th day was MS (SP + 1% Mushroom Spent) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;VC (SP + 1% Vermicompost) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;BS (SP + 1% Biogas Slurry) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;SP (Soil spiked with 10 ppm CPF) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;FM (SP + 1% Farmyard Manure). The enhancement in pesticide dissipation over the unamended soil showed the following trend VC (37%)&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;MS (24%) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;FM (1.9%). In spite of sufficient DHA, BS could not enhance pesticide dissipation over the unamended soil (SP). These results indicate the potential of vermicompost and mushroom spent compost as suitable biostimulation agents to sustain the microbial activity in CPF contaminated soil.