Saqaff Alkaff - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Saqaff Alkaff

ABSTRACT Malaysia receives rainfall throughout the year with no definite significant dry period. ... more ABSTRACT Malaysia receives rainfall throughout the year with no definite significant dry period. The average rainfall of Malaysia is greater than 2000 mm, which is more than enough for developing a feasible system. The country is therefore rich in water resources when compared to the other regions of the world. In this paper the assessment of the rainwater harvesting within the Multimedia University Campus, Malacca has been studied. A thorough effort was devoted to estimate the potential of rooftop rainwater harvesting, from the different buildings within the campus. Assessment of the rainfall profile in Malacca indicates that, the likely dry days may found through the different months in the years. Moreover, the increase in temperature within those particular days was found noticeable, which in turn affect the evaporation rate from the ground. Thus, more necessity for irrigating the plantation is required. The football field within the campus was selected as a case study. A harvesting model was established to simulate the viability of the system. Results indicate that a 5 mÂ³ tank size achieve an average of 80% reliability to best serve the purpose of irrigation of the football field.

2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS), 2016

Vehicle-induced turbulent airflow by the traffic in the highways is one of the sources of wind en... more Vehicle-induced turbulent airflow by the traffic in the highways is one of the sources of wind energy which can be harvested to supply the power to the highway lighting and telecommunication signaling. This work focuses on the assessment of potentiality of implementing small scale wind turbines along the highways in Malaysia. The study was started by conducting wind speed measurements adjacent to the highway at Lebuh SPA (Sungai Udang — Paya Rumput — Ayer Keroh Highway), a major highway in Malacca state, Malaysia. Three positional parameters have been investigated for suitable placement of the wind turbines. They are: the lateral distances from the road shoulder, the heights from the ground, and the orientation of the wind turbines relatives to the road. The former two parameters were set at 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m for each position; while the latter was varied at perpendicular, 45°, and parallel to the road. The measurements were conducted using hot-wire anemometers. The results showed that the optimum positions for the wind turbine is at 1.0 m from the lateral distance and the height above the ground, respectively, and the optimum orientation is found to be 45° from the road at which the horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) can be directed. The large size vehicles such as lorries and busses were observed to produce higher wind speed as compared to the smaller ones. The results were further verified by using numerical simulation work through ANSYS Fluent.

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, 2000

Radical Combustion: New Concept For Two Stroke Engines

Radical combustion is a critical condition behind control. In two stroke engine, a condition of r... more Radical combustion is a critical condition behind control. In two stroke engine, a condition of radical combustion could be achieved through control of the trapped exhaust gases at a certain condition, might include, the engine load, speed, concentration of the unburned hydrocarbons, their temperature and other operational parameters. An earlier work was conducted towards the achievement of the radical combustion. The mechanism was made to throttle the opening of the exhaust port at a range of 1% to 8 % [1]. However, several difficulties were faced, mainly with the control mechanism of throttling. In addition there is a complexity in identifying the critical conditions at which the radical combustion could be achieved. In this paper, a new strategy was used to control the exhaust port throttling in a way to manage the amount of exhaust gases trapped and avoiding the drawbacks of the throttling mechanism in the earlier work. Three trial plates were used, one-sixth closed, one-third c...

Yemen has vast Renewable Energy Resources (Solar, wind, geothermal, tidal) available for energy g... more Yemen has vast Renewable Energy Resources (Solar, wind, geothermal, tidal) available for energy generation through renewable energy technologies. Continuous efforts are being in progress by the government of Yemen with the help of several international agencies, resulting in starting several renewable energy pilot projects. Most of the earlier published research works on renewable energy were devoted on data analysis and few dealt with renewable energy applications. In this paper, cost analysis study of renewable energy application for rural Yemen, is carried out. Yemen territory includes many islands extending over 2500 km long coast, the largest of which is Socotra Island. Socotra is an island following province of Hadhramout and considered as one of the most beautiful tourist area with biodiversity and cultural significant attractions which has been declared as an environmentally protected island. Socotra enjoys high wind speed in the range of 5-12 m/s and monthly daily solar rad...

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

The combination of solar thermal and PV technologies leads to form a single module called PVT sys... more The combination of solar thermal and PV technologies leads to form a single module called PVT system. This system is able to produce heat and electricity simultaneously. In this paper, a new configuration and design of PV/T system are proposed, and a theoretical study of this system is evaluated. The PV/T consists of certain layers which are the glass, air gap, PV panel, absorber plate and insulating material layer. The monocrystalline PV and spiral flow absorber plate are used in this study. The results of the system performance under typical sunny climatic Malaysian condition are presented. The maximum thermal and electrical efficiencies obtained are 64.4 % and 12.13%, respectively. The effect of mass flow rate on the outlet water temperature is also evaluated. It is shown that the optimum mass flow rate for the designed system is between 0.005 and 0.075 kg/s.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

A new configuration of Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector (PV/T) system has been designed and propose... more A new configuration of Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector (PV/T) system has been designed and proposed. The (PV/T) consists of certain layers which are the glass, air gap, PV panel, absorber plate and insulating material layer. In this paper, a glazed (PV/T) solar collector using the spiral flow design absorber has been studied under different Malaysian meteorological conditions. The Performance of outlet water temperature, thermal, electrical and combined (PV/T) efficiencies under two different Malaysian climatic conditions (sunny and cloudy) days have been evaluated. Based on the simulation results, the maximum hourly thermal efficiency of sunny day is 61.3%, while the maximum hourly thermal efficiency of cloudy day is 59.6%. The electrical efficiencies for typical sunny and cloudy days are 12.89%, 13.03%, respectively. The maximum hourly combined (PV/T) efficiency for typical sunny and cloudy days are 74.1% and 72.63%, respectively. As seen from the results, the proposed (PV/T) syste...

Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics

Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector (PVT) is a hybrid technology used to produce electricity and... more Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector (PVT) is a hybrid technology used to produce electricity and heat simultaneously. Current enhancements in PVT are to increase the electrical and thermal efficiencies. Many PVT factors such as type of absorber, thermal conductivity, type of PV module and operating conditions are important parameters that can control the PVT performance. In this paper, an analytical model, using energy balance equations, is studied for PVT with an improved parallel flow absorber. The performance is calculated for a typical sunny weather in Malaysia. It was found that the maximum electrical and thermal efficiencies are 12.9 % and 62.6 %, respectively. The maximum outlet water temperature is 59 oC.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)

Temperature is one of the major factors that affect the efficient of solar panels and temperature... more Temperature is one of the major factors that affect the efficient of solar panels and temperature profiles on solar panel are required to optimise the performance of solar PV. A method to construct and visualise the thermal profiles of solar panel with minimum temperature measurement is proposed in this work. Based on nine measured temperature, three different interpolation techniques are used to predict the temperature at 25 points and 81 points. The predicted temperature is then compared with measured temperature from thermal gun. MATLAB is used to reconstruct the thermal image in two different resolution, 17x17 and 33x33. Bilinear interpolation technique and resolution of 33x33 gives the best results and can be applied in industry to predict temperature profile on solar panel with minimum measurement.

Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability

International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy, 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016

2016 International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Sciences (ICORAS), 2016

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, 2000

Radical Combustion: New Concept For Two Stroke Engines

Advanced Materials Research, 2013

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Physics

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST)

Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability

International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy, 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016

Brief Review of the Research Work: The assessment of a solar cooling system necessitates the kno... more Brief Review of the Research Work:
The assessment of a solar cooling system necessitates the knowledge of
solar energy availability for the place in question. Lack of the actual
measured solar insolation is one of the problems encountered in Yemen
hence a method of prediction is used. A simple method using only limited
input parameters is used (due to absence of the premeasured data) to
predict the beam component under clear sky conditions. The existing
formula of Liu-Jordan is found not able to predict the diffuse
component under clear sky, showing underestimation reaching 37%
(against measured values collected over 14 years in Budapest). Such
deviation might affect seriously the predicted global radiation where the
diffuse component forming around 22-27% (of the total daily global
radiation). Two new expressions are developed to predict the diffuse
component under clear sky conditions.
In the first only the beam transmittance coefficient τb is used as the
parameter predictor (as the case in the Liu-Jordan expression). While in the
second the season represented by the day of the year N in addition to
τb are found as the effective parameters, the error remains within ±10%
limit when compared to the measured values collected over 14 years in
Budapest Szab'o Gyula et al (1969). However the first is showing fairly
good prediction compared to that by the Liu-Jordan. The monthly daily
Average is predicted for several sites in Yemen. It is found that the
predicted values are relatively high to that under actual sky by about 11-
26%. In Budapest such difference is found in the range of around 40% where
mostly cloudy and comparatively more polluted atmosphere related to that
for the sites in Yemen. Making the difference encountered in the Yemeni
sites is reasonable, supporting the application of the model for the sites. It
is worthy to mention that the Liu-Jordan shows under estimation in Hungary
and in Yemen as well (Chapter 3; sec. 3.3.2).4
Thus with this method of prediction the solar insolation could be predicted
for those locations where no measurements have been made as in many
sites in Yemen, putting further step towards developing of the
isoradiation map for the country which has not been done yet.
Regarding the adaptation of the flat plate collectors, considerable detailed
step procedure analysis is introduced. The solar radiation transmitted
through the glazing arrangement is conducted depending on the solar
insolation incidence angle on the collector plane, number of covers and the
collector orientation. The prediction of the top loss UT from the collector is
studied through the use of the existing empirical formulas of Klein (1975),
Agrwal Larson (1981). Results of this study indicate the reasonable
prediction of UT by the existing expressions and their iterative method
under different working conditions against the measured values
introduced by Francey et al. (1985) (Chapter 4. Sec. 4.3). While in the
other hand contradicting the Francey et al. Statement about the accuracy
of prediction of UT by those existing expressions at wind speeds more than
1 m/s (Chapter 4, Sec.4.3).
Intensive theoretical study is carried for a collector module of one square
meter area. Results indicate that a proper module dimension (the
module width approach its length) is to be selected at which mostly
maximum heat gain could be achieved while acceptable behavior for the
module design variables is fulfilled (i.e. Pressure drop, heat transfer
coefficient hf ....). It is found that reducing of the tube spacing is preferable
but the number of tubes should be limited in a manner not to lead to a poor
hf. Within this limited area no considerable effect is noticed in the
collector delivery temperature Tfo due to the variation in the module
parameters and obviously only controlling of the fluid rate will effect