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Papers by Sarah White

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2005

Objective The objective was to begin the process of developing an antenatal risk scoring system,... more Objective The objective was to begin the process of developing an antenatal risk scoring system, as a first step towards examining whether elective Caesarean section for women at high risk of injury could be an effective and acceptable intervention.Design Retrospective study.Setting Tertiary maternity unit in the UK.Population One hundred and twenty‐three women who sustained an obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) and 123 controls without OASI.Methods Case notes of women with a third or fourth degree tear between 1997 and 1999 were examined for risk factors. Controls matched for age and week of delivery were identified from the maternity record database and case records reviewed for the presence of risk factors. Unweighted and weighted risk scores were produced using odds ratios, and compared between cases and controls. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the risk scores was performed to discriminate between cases and controls and to calculate the sensi...

The Journal of biological chemistry, Jan 4, 2014

The aim of the study was to assess the relative control of insulin secretion rate (ISR) by calciu... more The aim of the study was to assess the relative control of insulin secretion rate (ISR) by calcium influx and signaling from cytochrome c in islets where, as in diabetes, the metabolic pathways are impaired. This was achieved either by culturing isolated islets at low (3 mm) glucose or by fasting rats prior to the isolation of the islets. Culture in low glucose greatly reduced the glucose response of cytochrome c reduction and translocation and ISR, but did not affect the response to the mitochondrial fuel α-ketoisocaproate. Unexpectedly, glucose-stimulated calcium influx was only slightly reduced in low glucose-cultured islets and was not responsible for the impairment in glucose-stimulated ISR. A glucokinase activator acutely restored cytochrome c reduction and translocation and ISR, independent of effects on calcium influx. Islets from fasted rats had reduced ISR and cytochrome c reduction in response to both glucose and α-ketoisocaproate despite normal responses of calcium. Our ...

Value in Health, 2010

This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NH... more This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NHS EED. Each abstract contains a brief summary of the methods, the results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the study and the conclusions drawn.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2009

Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing... more Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 2011

Objectives. To determine (1) inter‐relationships between social network size and quality and ther... more Objectives. To determine (1) inter‐relationships between social network size and quality and therapeutic relationship ratings and (2) inter‐relationships between attachment style, team attachment, therapeutic relationships, social networks, and clinical and social functioning.Design. A cross‐sectional survey.Method. A sample of 93 people using community mental health teams were assessed on their attachment status, social networks, relationship to the keyworker, attachment to the team, characteristics, and clinical and social functioning. Network size and the number friends and confidants were tested for associations with user‐ and professional‐rated therapeutic relationship. Regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with team attachment.Results. There was no evidence that network size or number of confidants was associated with therapeutic relationship ratings. Therapeutic relationship was strongly associated with team attachment, but of the four attachment dime...

Psychiatry Research, 2011

Therapeutic relationships between clients and vocational rehabilitation workers have been shown t... more Therapeutic relationships between clients and vocational rehabilitation workers have been shown to predict entering competitive employment. We aimed to determine predictors of good relationships, using data from an international randomized controlled trial of supported employment (n = 312). Baseline predictors of early therapeutic relationships with vocational workers were assessed, along with the impact of vocational status and changing clinical and social functioning variables on relationship ratings over time. Associations between client and professional relationship ratings were also explored. Better early client-rated therapeutic relationship was predicted by better baseline relationship with the clinical keyworker, being in the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) service, the absence of work history and a greater proportion of care needs being met, whereas over time it was predicted by being in the IPS service. Professional-rated early relationship was predicted by social disability and remission, while over time it was predicted by being the same sex as the client, duration of the relationship and the client's increasing anxiety. Client and professional ratings were positively associated but clients' ratings were higher than professionals', particularly in the IPS service. Relationships were better where clients may have been more motivated to engage, including by their prior experience of a good therapeutic relationship with the clinical keyworker.

Politics, 1989

BY CONVENTION politics in Bangladesh is a male business. While they may vote, women's participati... more BY CONVENTION politics in Bangladesh is a male business. While they may vote, women's participation in formal political structures is strictly limited, from village to national level. With a few Clite exceptions, women rarely achieve political prominence. At the same time, discussion of 'women's issues' has always been highly political. There are two dimensions here which feminist critiques draw out. First, in problematizing gender, feminism shows the presence of the political in the personal. Second, in problematizing knowledge, feminism shows the partiality in allegedly objective' discussions: how a dominant perspective excludes and suppresses others. At the same time, postmodernist epistemology stresses the need to look at, not just fhmugh texts; that the wider context in which texts are produced has a profound influence on what they say and how they say it.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1999

Journal of Molecular Biology, 2000

Synthetic polyamides composed of three types of aromatic amino acids, N-methylimidazole (Im), N-m... more Synthetic polyamides composed of three types of aromatic amino acids, N-methylimidazole (Im), N-methylpyrrole (Py) and N-methyl-3-hydroxypyrrole (Hp) bind speci®c DNA sequences as antiparallel dimers in the minor groove. The side-by-side pairings of aromatic rings in the dimer afford a general recognition code that allows all four base-pairs to be distinguished. To examine the structural consequences of changing the DNA sequence context on T Á A recognition by Hp/Py pairs in the minor groove, crystal structures of polyamide dimers (ImPyHpPy) 2 and the pyrrole counterpart (ImPyPyPy) 2 bound to the six base-pair target site 5 H-AGATCT-3 H in a ten base-pair oligonucleotide have been determined to a resolution of 2.27 and 2.15 A Ê , respectively. The structures demonstrate that the principles of Hp/Py recognition of T ÁA are consistent between different sequence contexts. However, a general structural explanation for the non-additive reduction in binding af®nity due to introduction of the hydroxyl group is less clear. Comparison with other polyamide-DNA cocrystal structures reveals structural themes and differences that may relate to sequence preference.

Journal of Mental Health, 2009

Publisher statement: 'This is an electronic version of an article published in O'Brien et al. (20... more Publisher statement: 'This is an electronic version of an article published in O'Brien et al. (2009). The development and validation of the SOLES, a new scale measuring engagement with mental health services in people with psychosis.

Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 2012

ABSTRACT Department of Health guidelines (Bradley, 2009) suggest that transfers of prisoners with... more ABSTRACT Department of Health guidelines (Bradley, 2009) suggest that transfers of prisoners with mental health problems to hospital using the Mental Health Act should take 14 days from first assessment to transfer. This study examines the extent to which transfers of women prisoners from a large women's prison in England is meeting this target. It considers in detail 100 recommendations for hospitalisation and analyses the process to establish rate of transfer and where applicable reasons for slow transfer. Of the 86 women who completed transfer, the process took 37 days (median) with only 13% of cases being moved within the 14-day recommended period. This study also found that legal routes intended for urgent hospitalisation were no quicker than other methods. The study recommends review of Section 48, the urgent treatment order.

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005

Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) seen in specialist centres have substantial psych... more Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) seen in specialist centres have substantial psychological and functional impairment. Beliefs about activity levels may be important in the development of CFS. The aim was to investigate psychological and functional impairment, and beliefs in children and adolescents with CFS recruited from non-specialist services. A total of 30 such individuals participated, and 30 young people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) formed the comparison group. Emotional symptoms and disorder were high in both groups. In all, 50% of those with CFS and 30% with IBD reached the threshold for emotional disorder according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) parent report, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Participants with CFS scored statistically significantly higher on measures of functional impairment, including school non-attendance, compared to those with IBD. According to questionnaire responses, those with CFS were statistically significantly more likely to favour rest rather than exercise compared to those with IBD. Comparison of parental beliefs did not show such a difference. These young people with CFS were at high risk of psychiatric disorder. They were substantially disabled when compared to individuals with a known chronic illness. Also, as a group, they were characterised by a preference for rest rather than exercise.

Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 2007

Aim: We conducted a 1-year prospective evaluation of an early intervention in psychosis service (... more Aim: We conducted a 1-year prospective evaluation of an early intervention in psychosis service (Early Treatment and Home-based Outreach Service (ETHOS)) during its first 3 years of operation in Southwest London, UK. Methods: All patients referred to ETHOS underwent structured assessments at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. In addition, hospitalization rates of ETHOS patients (intervention group) were compared with a nonrandomized parallel cohort (comparison group) of first-episode patients treated by community mental health teams. Results: The Early Treatment and Home-based Outreach Service patients experienced significant improvements in symptomatic and functional outcomes, especially vocational recovery. The service received only a quarter of eligible patients from referring teams. ETHOS patients did not differ from the comparison group in number of admissions, inpatient days or detention rates. Although number of referrals increased over time, there was no evidence that patients were being referred earlier. Conclusions: There is now robust evidence for the effectiveness of specialist early intervention services. However, such services must be adequate resourced, including an early detection team and provision of their own inpatient unit.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2011

Opiate addiction is associated with decision-making deficits and we previously showed that the ex... more Opiate addiction is associated with decision-making deficits and we previously showed that the extent of these impairments predicts aspects of treatment outcome. Here we aimed to establish whether measures of decision-making performance might be used to inform placement matching. Two groups of opiate dependent individuals, one receiving treatment in a community setting (n=48) and one in a residential setting (n=32) were administered computerised tests of decision-making, impulsivity and planning shortly after the beginning of treatment, to be followed up three months into each programme. In the community sample, performance on the decision-making tasks at initial assessment predicted abstinence from illicit drugs at follow-up. In contrast, in the residential sample there was no relationship between decision-making and clinical outcome. Intact decision-making processes appear to be necessary for upholding a resolve to avoid taking drugs in a community setting, but the importance of these mechanisms may be attenuated in a residential treatment setting. The results support the placement matching hypothesis, suggesting that individuals with more prominent decision-making deficits may particularly benefit from treatment in a residential setting and from the inclusion of aspects of cognitive rehabilitation in their treatment programme.

BMC Psychiatry, 2009

Background: This study aims to build a measure for assessing and reviewing the living conditions,... more Background: This study aims to build a measure for assessing and reviewing the living conditions, care and human rights of people with longer term mental health problems in psychiatric and social care institutions. Protection of their human rights is imperative since impaired mental capacity secondary to mental illness can make them vulnerable to abuse and exploitation from others. They also constitute a major resource pressure for mental health services, social services, informal carers and society as a whole. Methods/Design: domains are identified by collating results from: i) a systematic review of the literature on institutional care for this service user group; ii) a review of the relevant care standards in each participating country; iii) Delphi exercises in partner countries with mental health professionals, service users, carers and advocates. Common domains and cross-cutting themes are agreed by the principal researchers and an international expert panel. Items are developed to assess these domains and incorporated into the toolkit which is designed to be administered through a face to

BMC Psychiatry, 2009

Background A proportion of people with mental health problems require longer term care in a psych... more Background A proportion of people with mental health problems require longer term care in a psychiatric or social care institution. However, there are no internationally agreed quality standards for institutional care and no method to assess common care standards across countries. We aimed to identify the key components of institutional care for people with longer term mental health problems and the effectiveness of these components. Methods We undertook a systematic review of the literature using comprehensive search terms in 11 electronic databases and identified 12,182 titles. We viewed 550 abstracts, reviewed 223 papers and included 110 of these. A "critical interpretative synthesis" of the evidence was used to identify domains of institutional care that are key to service users' recovery. Results We identified eight domains of institutional care that were key to service users' recovery: living conditions; interventions for schizophrenia; physical health; restr...

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2002

Antibiotics U 1200 DNA Binding Ligands with Excellent Antibiotic Potency Against Drug-Resistant G... more Antibiotics U 1200 DNA Binding Ligands with Excellent Antibiotic Potency Against Drug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria.-DNA minor-groove binding ligands consisting of four heterocyclic carboxamide units and diverse substituents at both termini are synthesized and examined for DNA binding affinity and antimicrobial activity. The basicity and the steric demand of the terminal amino groups appears to strongly influence both parameters. Binding ligand (Ia) displays excellent activity against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria, including yeast. No cross-resistance to known antibacterial drugs is observed.-(BUERLI*, R. W.

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2005

Objective The objective was to begin the process of developing an antenatal risk scoring system,... more Objective The objective was to begin the process of developing an antenatal risk scoring system, as a first step towards examining whether elective Caesarean section for women at high risk of injury could be an effective and acceptable intervention.Design Retrospective study.Setting Tertiary maternity unit in the UK.Population One hundred and twenty‐three women who sustained an obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) and 123 controls without OASI.Methods Case notes of women with a third or fourth degree tear between 1997 and 1999 were examined for risk factors. Controls matched for age and week of delivery were identified from the maternity record database and case records reviewed for the presence of risk factors. Unweighted and weighted risk scores were produced using odds ratios, and compared between cases and controls. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the risk scores was performed to discriminate between cases and controls and to calculate the sensi...

The Journal of biological chemistry, Jan 4, 2014

The aim of the study was to assess the relative control of insulin secretion rate (ISR) by calciu... more The aim of the study was to assess the relative control of insulin secretion rate (ISR) by calcium influx and signaling from cytochrome c in islets where, as in diabetes, the metabolic pathways are impaired. This was achieved either by culturing isolated islets at low (3 mm) glucose or by fasting rats prior to the isolation of the islets. Culture in low glucose greatly reduced the glucose response of cytochrome c reduction and translocation and ISR, but did not affect the response to the mitochondrial fuel α-ketoisocaproate. Unexpectedly, glucose-stimulated calcium influx was only slightly reduced in low glucose-cultured islets and was not responsible for the impairment in glucose-stimulated ISR. A glucokinase activator acutely restored cytochrome c reduction and translocation and ISR, independent of effects on calcium influx. Islets from fasted rats had reduced ISR and cytochrome c reduction in response to both glucose and α-ketoisocaproate despite normal responses of calcium. Our ...

Value in Health, 2010

This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NH... more This is a critical abstract of an economic evaluation that meets the criteria for inclusion on NHS EED. Each abstract contains a brief summary of the methods, the results and conclusions followed by a detailed critical assessment on the reliability of the study and the conclusions drawn.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 2009

Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing... more Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 2011

Objectives. To determine (1) inter‐relationships between social network size and quality and ther... more Objectives. To determine (1) inter‐relationships between social network size and quality and therapeutic relationship ratings and (2) inter‐relationships between attachment style, team attachment, therapeutic relationships, social networks, and clinical and social functioning.Design. A cross‐sectional survey.Method. A sample of 93 people using community mental health teams were assessed on their attachment status, social networks, relationship to the keyworker, attachment to the team, characteristics, and clinical and social functioning. Network size and the number friends and confidants were tested for associations with user‐ and professional‐rated therapeutic relationship. Regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with team attachment.Results. There was no evidence that network size or number of confidants was associated with therapeutic relationship ratings. Therapeutic relationship was strongly associated with team attachment, but of the four attachment dime...

Psychiatry Research, 2011

Therapeutic relationships between clients and vocational rehabilitation workers have been shown t... more Therapeutic relationships between clients and vocational rehabilitation workers have been shown to predict entering competitive employment. We aimed to determine predictors of good relationships, using data from an international randomized controlled trial of supported employment (n = 312). Baseline predictors of early therapeutic relationships with vocational workers were assessed, along with the impact of vocational status and changing clinical and social functioning variables on relationship ratings over time. Associations between client and professional relationship ratings were also explored. Better early client-rated therapeutic relationship was predicted by better baseline relationship with the clinical keyworker, being in the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) service, the absence of work history and a greater proportion of care needs being met, whereas over time it was predicted by being in the IPS service. Professional-rated early relationship was predicted by social disability and remission, while over time it was predicted by being the same sex as the client, duration of the relationship and the client's increasing anxiety. Client and professional ratings were positively associated but clients' ratings were higher than professionals', particularly in the IPS service. Relationships were better where clients may have been more motivated to engage, including by their prior experience of a good therapeutic relationship with the clinical keyworker.

Politics, 1989

BY CONVENTION politics in Bangladesh is a male business. While they may vote, women's participati... more BY CONVENTION politics in Bangladesh is a male business. While they may vote, women's participation in formal political structures is strictly limited, from village to national level. With a few Clite exceptions, women rarely achieve political prominence. At the same time, discussion of 'women's issues' has always been highly political. There are two dimensions here which feminist critiques draw out. First, in problematizing gender, feminism shows the presence of the political in the personal. Second, in problematizing knowledge, feminism shows the partiality in allegedly objective' discussions: how a dominant perspective excludes and suppresses others. At the same time, postmodernist epistemology stresses the need to look at, not just fhmugh texts; that the wider context in which texts are produced has a profound influence on what they say and how they say it.

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1999

Journal of Molecular Biology, 2000

Synthetic polyamides composed of three types of aromatic amino acids, N-methylimidazole (Im), N-m... more Synthetic polyamides composed of three types of aromatic amino acids, N-methylimidazole (Im), N-methylpyrrole (Py) and N-methyl-3-hydroxypyrrole (Hp) bind speci®c DNA sequences as antiparallel dimers in the minor groove. The side-by-side pairings of aromatic rings in the dimer afford a general recognition code that allows all four base-pairs to be distinguished. To examine the structural consequences of changing the DNA sequence context on T Á A recognition by Hp/Py pairs in the minor groove, crystal structures of polyamide dimers (ImPyHpPy) 2 and the pyrrole counterpart (ImPyPyPy) 2 bound to the six base-pair target site 5 H-AGATCT-3 H in a ten base-pair oligonucleotide have been determined to a resolution of 2.27 and 2.15 A Ê , respectively. The structures demonstrate that the principles of Hp/Py recognition of T ÁA are consistent between different sequence contexts. However, a general structural explanation for the non-additive reduction in binding af®nity due to introduction of the hydroxyl group is less clear. Comparison with other polyamide-DNA cocrystal structures reveals structural themes and differences that may relate to sequence preference.

Journal of Mental Health, 2009

Publisher statement: 'This is an electronic version of an article published in O'Brien et al. (20... more Publisher statement: 'This is an electronic version of an article published in O'Brien et al. (2009). The development and validation of the SOLES, a new scale measuring engagement with mental health services in people with psychosis.

Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 2012

ABSTRACT Department of Health guidelines (Bradley, 2009) suggest that transfers of prisoners with... more ABSTRACT Department of Health guidelines (Bradley, 2009) suggest that transfers of prisoners with mental health problems to hospital using the Mental Health Act should take 14 days from first assessment to transfer. This study examines the extent to which transfers of women prisoners from a large women's prison in England is meeting this target. It considers in detail 100 recommendations for hospitalisation and analyses the process to establish rate of transfer and where applicable reasons for slow transfer. Of the 86 women who completed transfer, the process took 37 days (median) with only 13% of cases being moved within the 14-day recommended period. This study also found that legal routes intended for urgent hospitalisation were no quicker than other methods. The study recommends review of Section 48, the urgent treatment order.

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005

Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) seen in specialist centres have substantial psych... more Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) seen in specialist centres have substantial psychological and functional impairment. Beliefs about activity levels may be important in the development of CFS. The aim was to investigate psychological and functional impairment, and beliefs in children and adolescents with CFS recruited from non-specialist services. A total of 30 such individuals participated, and 30 young people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) formed the comparison group. Emotional symptoms and disorder were high in both groups. In all, 50% of those with CFS and 30% with IBD reached the threshold for emotional disorder according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) parent report, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Participants with CFS scored statistically significantly higher on measures of functional impairment, including school non-attendance, compared to those with IBD. According to questionnaire responses, those with CFS were statistically significantly more likely to favour rest rather than exercise compared to those with IBD. Comparison of parental beliefs did not show such a difference. These young people with CFS were at high risk of psychiatric disorder. They were substantially disabled when compared to individuals with a known chronic illness. Also, as a group, they were characterised by a preference for rest rather than exercise.

Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 2007

Aim: We conducted a 1-year prospective evaluation of an early intervention in psychosis service (... more Aim: We conducted a 1-year prospective evaluation of an early intervention in psychosis service (Early Treatment and Home-based Outreach Service (ETHOS)) during its first 3 years of operation in Southwest London, UK. Methods: All patients referred to ETHOS underwent structured assessments at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. In addition, hospitalization rates of ETHOS patients (intervention group) were compared with a nonrandomized parallel cohort (comparison group) of first-episode patients treated by community mental health teams. Results: The Early Treatment and Home-based Outreach Service patients experienced significant improvements in symptomatic and functional outcomes, especially vocational recovery. The service received only a quarter of eligible patients from referring teams. ETHOS patients did not differ from the comparison group in number of admissions, inpatient days or detention rates. Although number of referrals increased over time, there was no evidence that patients were being referred earlier. Conclusions: There is now robust evidence for the effectiveness of specialist early intervention services. However, such services must be adequate resourced, including an early detection team and provision of their own inpatient unit.

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2011

Opiate addiction is associated with decision-making deficits and we previously showed that the ex... more Opiate addiction is associated with decision-making deficits and we previously showed that the extent of these impairments predicts aspects of treatment outcome. Here we aimed to establish whether measures of decision-making performance might be used to inform placement matching. Two groups of opiate dependent individuals, one receiving treatment in a community setting (n=48) and one in a residential setting (n=32) were administered computerised tests of decision-making, impulsivity and planning shortly after the beginning of treatment, to be followed up three months into each programme. In the community sample, performance on the decision-making tasks at initial assessment predicted abstinence from illicit drugs at follow-up. In contrast, in the residential sample there was no relationship between decision-making and clinical outcome. Intact decision-making processes appear to be necessary for upholding a resolve to avoid taking drugs in a community setting, but the importance of these mechanisms may be attenuated in a residential treatment setting. The results support the placement matching hypothesis, suggesting that individuals with more prominent decision-making deficits may particularly benefit from treatment in a residential setting and from the inclusion of aspects of cognitive rehabilitation in their treatment programme.

BMC Psychiatry, 2009

Background: This study aims to build a measure for assessing and reviewing the living conditions,... more Background: This study aims to build a measure for assessing and reviewing the living conditions, care and human rights of people with longer term mental health problems in psychiatric and social care institutions. Protection of their human rights is imperative since impaired mental capacity secondary to mental illness can make them vulnerable to abuse and exploitation from others. They also constitute a major resource pressure for mental health services, social services, informal carers and society as a whole. Methods/Design: domains are identified by collating results from: i) a systematic review of the literature on institutional care for this service user group; ii) a review of the relevant care standards in each participating country; iii) Delphi exercises in partner countries with mental health professionals, service users, carers and advocates. Common domains and cross-cutting themes are agreed by the principal researchers and an international expert panel. Items are developed to assess these domains and incorporated into the toolkit which is designed to be administered through a face to

BMC Psychiatry, 2009

Background A proportion of people with mental health problems require longer term care in a psych... more Background A proportion of people with mental health problems require longer term care in a psychiatric or social care institution. However, there are no internationally agreed quality standards for institutional care and no method to assess common care standards across countries. We aimed to identify the key components of institutional care for people with longer term mental health problems and the effectiveness of these components. Methods We undertook a systematic review of the literature using comprehensive search terms in 11 electronic databases and identified 12,182 titles. We viewed 550 abstracts, reviewed 223 papers and included 110 of these. A "critical interpretative synthesis" of the evidence was used to identify domains of institutional care that are key to service users' recovery. Results We identified eight domains of institutional care that were key to service users' recovery: living conditions; interventions for schizophrenia; physical health; restr...

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2002

Antibiotics U 1200 DNA Binding Ligands with Excellent Antibiotic Potency Against Drug-Resistant G... more Antibiotics U 1200 DNA Binding Ligands with Excellent Antibiotic Potency Against Drug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria.-DNA minor-groove binding ligands consisting of four heterocyclic carboxamide units and diverse substituents at both termini are synthesized and examined for DNA binding affinity and antimicrobial activity. The basicity and the steric demand of the terminal amino groups appears to strongly influence both parameters. Binding ligand (Ia) displays excellent activity against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria, including yeast. No cross-resistance to known antibacterial drugs is observed.-(BUERLI*, R. W.