Sarang Pedgaonkar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sarang Pedgaonkar

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2014

Background: Longevity has increased significantly in the last few decades mainly due to the socio... more Background: Longevity has increased significantly in the last few decades mainly due to the socioeconomic and health care developments. These factors are responsible for the higher numerical presence of elderly people leading to change in age structure, and a higher dependency ratio. In this juncture we need to reappraise the quality of life of elderly people. Aims & Objective: The main objective of this paper is to study the quality of life of elderly people of Varanasi city, India. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted of elderly people living in the four colonies (Mahamana Puri, Sundarpur, Nagwan, Samne Ghat) of Varanasi city. The results are expressed in terms of Mean and SE of mean. Chi-Square test, t-test and one-way ANOVA test have been used to compare the mean scores of quality of life score based on different variables under the domain of Physical Health, Interpersonal life, Economic status, Physical Environment. Results: A total of 166 old age people were included in this study. Out of 166 elderly people 121(72.89%) were Males and remaining were females. The mean age of the study population was found to be 63.95 ± 6.08 years. Majority of them were literate (95.18%). Eye sight weakness is the most prominent problem among the elderly. An overwhelming majority (61.45%) of elderly had an average quality of life, where as 24.10% and 14.45% elderly had a poor and good quality of life respectively. Conclusion: Majority of elderly had an average quality of life quality of life. There is an urgent need of social protection in form of assuring old age pension and compulsory health insurance.

BMC Health Services Research

Introduction COVID-19 has disrupted maternal and child health services. Community Health Workers ... more Introduction COVID-19 has disrupted maternal and child health services. Community Health Workers (CHWs) supported the women by visiting pregnant women's homes and providing the MCH services as required. This study attempts to understand the role of CHW and its impact on the Ante-Natal Care (ANC) services pre-pandemic and post-Pandemic in the poor resource setting. Methods The Swabhimaan programme interventions were carried out in the selected blocks in the Indian States of Bihar, Odisha and Chhattisgarh with the objective to improve the nutritional status of mothers, pregnant women and adolescents living in resource-poor blocks of three selected states during 2016–2022. Cross-sectional surveys, namely pre-pandemic (2018–19) and post-pandemic (2021–22) of pregnant and mothers of under two children, utilised to fulfil the objectives of this study. These surveys are part of Swabhimaan evaluation, a community-based non-randomised controlled study. Results The ANC services received b...

The study examines malnutrition's triple burden, including anaemia, overweight, and stunting,... more The study examines malnutrition's triple burden, including anaemia, overweight, and stunting, among children aged 6-59 months. Using data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-21), the study identifies risk factors and assesses the contribution at different levels to existing malnutrition burden. A random intercept multilevel logistic regression model and spatial analysis are employed to identify child, maternal, and household level risk factors for stunting, overweight, and anaemia. The study finds that 34% of children were stunted, 4% overweight, and 66% anaemic. Stunting and anaemia prevalence were higher in central and eastern regions, while overweight was more prevalent in the north-eastern and northern regions. At macro-level, the coexistence of stunting, overweight, and anaemia circumstantiates the triple burden of childhood malnutrition with substantial spatial variation (Moran’s I: stunting-0.53, overweight-0.41 and anaemia-0.53). Multilevel analysis reveals th...

Causes and consequences of anemia | Anemia is a condition defined by low hemoglobin (Hb) levels i... more Causes and consequences of anemia | Anemia is a condition defined by low hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the blood, which results in inadequacies to meet the body's physiological needs of oxygen. Anemia is caused by nutritional and non-nutritional factors, which include deficiencies in micronutrients (iron, folate, and B12), infection and disease, genetic abnormalities, and blood loss. Anemia has been associated with losses in productivity and suboptimal cognition, thus has consequences for human capital and the economy. India's strategy to reduce anemia | India has an evidence-based strategy to reduce anemia, Anemia Mukt Bharat (AMB, or Anemia Free India), launched in 2018. Part of the National Health Mission of the Government of India, AMB includes six interventions including: 1) iron and folic acid supplementation, 2) deworming, 3) behaviour change communication, 4) testing and treating anemia, 5) provision of fortified foods through public health programmes, 6) addressing non-nutritional causes such as malaria, hemoglobinopathies, and fluorosis.

Interventions across the continuum of care Nutrition-specific interventions are aimed at improvin... more Interventions across the continuum of care Nutrition-specific interventions are aimed at improving the food, health, and care environment for women and children during the first 1000 days. These interventions span pregnancy, postnatal, and early childhood periods and include food and micronutrient supplementation, nutrition education and/or counselling, growth monitoring and promotion, as well as routine immunization, deworming, and care during illness. At 90% coverage, these interventions can contribute to 20% reduction in stunting and 61% reduction in severe wasting 1. India's policy framework for health and nutrition is robust and includes most evidence-based nutrition and health interventions. Two large-scale national program platformsthe Integrated Child Development Services and the National Health Missiontogether deliver these interventions across the country. India's efforts at scaling up nutrition interventions are now also bolstered by the National Nutrition Mission. This Data Note describes the coverage of key nutrition and health interventions for which data are available in the National Family Health Surveys for 2015-2016 and 2019-2021. To examine coverage of interventions, indicators were created based on global definitions and making adaptations to Indian policy context where necessary. Data on women of reproductive age (15-49 years) with a child below five years of age from the most recent birth was used to compute these indicators. Indicator definitions are provided in Annex 1 of this Note.

Alzheimer's & Dementia

IntroductionPrior estimates of dementia prevalence in India were based on samples from selected c... more IntroductionPrior estimates of dementia prevalence in India were based on samples from selected communities, inadequately representing the national and state populations.MethodsFrom the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) we recruited a sample of adults ages 60+ and administered a rich battery of neuropsychological tests and an informant interview in 2018 through 2020. We obtained a clinical consensus rating of dementia status for a subsample (N = 2528), fitted a logistic model for dementia status on this subsample, and then imputed dementia status for all other LASI respondents aged 60+ (N = 28,949).ResultsThe estimated dementia prevalence for adults ages 60+ in India is 7.4%, with significant age and education gradients, sex and urban/rural differences, and cross‐state variation.DiscussionAn estimated 8.8 million Indians older than 60 years have dementia. The burden of dementia cases is unevenly distributed across states and subpopulations and may therefore require different ...

$Research paper thumbnail of Disposal of children\u2019s stools and its association with childhood diarrhea in India$

Background Children\u2019s stool disposal is often overlooked in sanitation programs of any count... more Background Children\u2019s stool disposal is often overlooked in sanitation programs of any country. Unsafe disposal of children\u2019s stool makes children susceptible to many diseases that transmit through faecal-oral route. Therefore, the study aims to examine the magnitude of unsafe disposal of children\u2019s stools in India, the factors associated with it and finally its association with childhood diarrhea. Methods Data from the third round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) conducted in 2005\u201306 is used to carry out the analysis. The binary logistic regression model is used to examine the factors associated with unsafe disposal of children\u2019s stool. Binary logistic regression is also used to examine the association between unsafe disposal of children\u2019s stool and childhood diarrhea. Result Overall, stools of 79% of children in India were disposed of unsafely. The urban-rural gap in the unsafe disposal of children\u2019s stool was wide. Mother\u2019s ill...

Environment International

International Journal of Epidemiology, 2022

Population ageing, which entails an increasing share of older persons in a population, represents... more Population ageing, which entails an increasing share of older persons in a population, represents an unprecedented global demographic transformation and is expected to intensify during the remainder of the 21st century. India, home to 1.38 billion people, 1 is undergoing population ageing at a much faster rate than expected. In 2011, the elderly population aged 60 and older accounted for 8.6% of the total population in India, numbering 103 million older people. 2 This share is projected to rise to 19.5% (319 million people) by 2050. 1 Including the pre-retirement phase, the share of the older adults (aged 45 and above) will be more than 40% (655 million people) of the total population of India by 2050. Furthermore, between 2011 and 2050, the number of the oldest-old people (aged 75 and older) is expected to increase by 340%. 1 These demographic changes present complex health, social and economic challenges to which this heterogeneous country must rapidly adapt, both in the present and continuing in the future. 3 Although ageing and its associated issues are increasingly investigated in India, currently no comprehensive and internationally comparable national survey data in the country collect the full range of topics necessary to understand the health, economic, social and psychological aspects of the ageing process. The Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), a survey of 72 250 individuals aged 45 and older and their spouses less than 45 years, is designed to fill this gap.

Objectives: 1) To assess the awareness about Cancers in an Urban Slum population of Mumbai. 2) To... more Objectives: 1) To assess the awareness about Cancers in an Urban Slum population of Mumbai. 2) To assess the impact of health intervention on awareness of slum population about various Cancers. Materials and Methodology: A community based descriptive epidemiological interventional study was conducted at Cheetah Camp urban slum which is a field practice area of Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, of TN Medical College Mumbai during January 2008 to October 2009. Population above 40 years of age were included in this study. Sample was selected using cluster sampling method. The information was gathered by personal interview using semi- structured questionnaires. Results: Out of 525 study participants Out of 525 study participants, males were 50.48%. 169 (32.2%) participants thought that cancer is a disease; whereas 109 (20.6%) participants were not able to describe cancer. Regarding general initial symptoms of cancer, 272 (51.8%) don't knew any symptom. Commonest risk fac...

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2021

Background: Given the high incidence of asymptomatic or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infection, reporte... more Background: Given the high incidence of asymptomatic or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infection, reported cases likely underestimate the overall prevalence and infectivity of COVID-19. Serological test for IgG can provide a better measure of disease activity by identifying asymptomatic or subclinical infection. This study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to the determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the hotspot area of COVID-19. Method: It was a community-based, cross-sectional study using multistage sampling with a sample size of 360. After informed consent, the demographic information, past history of SARI/ILI, contact, COVID-19 status were collected. The blood samples were taken from one family member for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody by ELISA testing kit. Results: Majority of the study subjects had no history of SARI (86%) or any contact with COVID-19 case (98%). Overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 of IgG antibody was 40% (95% CI 35–45%), infection fatality rate (IFR) was 0.7%. Seroprevalence varied significantly depending on religious background; with Muslims (53%) seroprevalence compared to other religious groups. Seroprevalence of homemaker/unemployed (49%) and laborer (55%) was significantly higher compared to business (30%) and service occupation (21%). Subjects with overcrowding conditions and poor ventilation was significantly associated with higher seroprevalence with odds ratio of 2.5 and 2.3, respectively. Conclusion: The antibody testing detects a large number of asymptomatic cases or previously infected cases which would have been missed by clinical history. Thus, the number of undiagnosed cases was found significantly higher even with rigorous implementation of lockdown.

BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2020

Background Asthma is one of the leading causes of disease burden when measured in terms of disabi... more Background Asthma is one of the leading causes of disease burden when measured in terms of disability adjusted life years, despite low prevalence of self-reported cases among young women. This paper deals with the meso-scale correlates and spatial heterogeneity in the prevalence of self-reported Asthma across 640 districts in India, using a nationally representative sample of 699,686 women aged 15–49 years from all 36 States/UTs under NFHS-4 (2015–16). Methods Analytical methods used in this paper include multivariate logistic regression to examine the adjusted effects of various independent variables on self-reported Asthma and poor-rich ratios (PRR) and concentration index (CI) to understand the economic inequalities in the prevalence of Asthma. For the spatial analysis in the prevalence of Asthma, univariate and bivariate local Moran’s I statistic have been computed in addition to measure of spatial autocorrelation and auto regression using spatial error and spatial lag models. R...

Migration and Urban Transition in India, 2020

BMC Oral Health, 2019

Background: Oral problems, known as a neglected epidemic, have become prevalent in Brazil, the Ru... more Background: Oral problems, known as a neglected epidemic, have become prevalent in Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries in last decade. The objective of the study is to examine the prevalence and associated risk indicators of oral problems in adults in the Russian Federation, India, and China in BRICS countries. Methods: We used data from the first round of the Study of Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE), conducted by WHO in 2007-10 in selected BRICS countries. Oral problems are defined as if an adult had any mouth and/or teeth related problems including swallowing problems in last 1 year of the survey. We estimated the mean age of adults who had oral problems and used a t-test for comparing it by sex of adults. We determined the prevalence of oral problems in adults. We designed a hierarchical conceptual model to identify associated risk indicators with oral problems. Finally, we applied a multivariable binary logistic regression model based on a conceptual model to examine associated socioeconomic and demographic, behavioral and nutritional risk indicators and systemic diseasesdiabetes, hypertension, and angina pectoris/angina with oral problems in adults. Results: The mean age of adults who had oral problems is lowest in India (57 years; SD: 15) and highest in China (65 years; SD: 11). However, it does not vary by sex of adults except India. The prevalence of oral problems is highest in the Russian Federation (35%) and lowest in China (9%). Adults with body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m 2 , age 45 years or more, diabetes, hypertension, and angina pectoris/angina have a higher risk of oral problems. Females and adults using alcohol are also more likely to have oral problems in selected countries. Conclusions: The study concludes that females, adults using alcohol and those having any systemic disease are at higher risk of oral problems in the Russian Federation, India, and China. A one-third of adults had oral problems in particularly, in the Russian Federation; thus there is an urgent need to formulate oral policy and program, which the country currently lacks in.

BMJ Open, 2019

IntroductionSwabhimaan is a community-based programme to improve adolescent girls’ and women’s nu... more IntroductionSwabhimaan is a community-based programme to improve adolescent girls’ and women’s nutrition in the rural areas of three Indian states—Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha with high prevalence of undernutrition.Methods and analysisSwabhimaan has a nested prospective, non-randomised controlled evaluation. Since 2017, five intervention sites receive community-led interventions through national government’s livelihood mission supported women’s self-help group federations and five control sites will initiate these activities 36 months later, in 2020. Community-led activities aim to improve coverage of 18 interventions including adequacy of food consumed, prevention of micronutrient deficiencies, access to basic health services and special care of nutritionally ‘at risk’ girls and women, improving hygiene and access to water and sanitation services and access to family planning services. The evaluation includes baseline (2016–2017), midline (2018–2019) and endline (2020–2021) surve...

Public Health Nutrition, 2019

Objective:(i) To assess diagnostic accuracy of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for screening t... more Objective:(i) To assess diagnostic accuracy of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for screening thinness and severe thinness in Indian adolescent girls aged 10–14 and 15–19 years compared with BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) <−2 and <−3 as the gold standard and (ii) to identify appropriate MUAC cut-offs for screening thinness and severe thinness in Indian girls aged 10–14 and 15–19 years.Design:Cross-sectional, conducted October 2016–April 2017.Setting:Four tribal blocks of two eastern India states, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.Participants:Girls (n 4628) aged 10–19 years. Measurements included height, weight and MUAC to calculate BAZ. Standard diagnostic accuracy tests, receiver–operating characteristic curves and Youden index helped arrive at MUAC cut-offs at BAZ < −2 and <−3, as gold standard.Results:Mean MUAC and BMI correlation was positive (0·78, P = 0·001 and r 2 = 0·61). Among 10–14 years, MUAC cut-off corresponding to BAZ < −2 and BAZ < −3 was ≤19·4 and ≤18·9 cm. Amo...