Sarath Chandra Veerla - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sarath Chandra Veerla

2D Nanomaterials for CO2 Conversion into Chemicals and Fuels

New Journal of Chemistry, 2021

The novelty of the present work is the in-vitro and in vivo nano-antibitoic combinational therapy... more The novelty of the present work is the in-vitro and in vivo nano-antibitoic combinational therapy along with in vitro anti-cancer and biocompatibility activities of green synthesized CuO NLs.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology, 2021

New Journal of Chemistry, 2020

Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite composite formed by the sonication technique investigated to have s... more Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite composite formed by the sonication technique investigated to have superior properties that are specifically advantageous in the tissue engineering, growth, and regeneration sector.

Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology, 2021

Materials Today Communications, 2020

In recent decades, increasing awareness towards green chemistry has led to a desire to develop an... more In recent decades, increasing awareness towards green chemistry has led to a desire to develop an eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles especially through plant-based bio-reduction. Green synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles have received wide interest due to its wide range of applicability as antibacterial agents and photocatalytic dye degradation. In the present study, aiming at green synthesis, Asperagus racemosus root extract mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ar-ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized and characterized using SEM, XRD, TEM, FTIR and TG-DTA analysis. The prime focus of the study is to explore the combinational antibacterial activity of Ar-ZnO NPs towards both human and fish bacterial pathogens. In addition, efficiency of Ar-ZnO NPs in dye degradation (malachite green) has been demonstrated. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have shown spherical and hexagonal particles with a size range of 30−70 nm with a significant fold increase in antibacterial activity in combination with neomycin. Furthermore, HEK cell lines have shown 81 % viability even at a higher concentration of Ar-ZnO NPs (100 ug/mL) indicating biocompatibility. The removal efficiency of Ar-ZnO for MG dye is 93.20 % for 3 h, which represents high dye degrading capacity of synthesized nanoparticles.

Materials Research Express, 2019

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) (PrGO) composite films were fabric... more Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) (PrGO) composite films were fabricated by solvent evaporation technique and exposed to gamma radiation at different dosages viz. 25 kGy, 50 kGy and 100 kGy. The XRD analysis revealed the phases of PMMA and rGO and further confirmed the semi-crystalline nature of PMMA. The irradiation also decreased the peak intensities of the functional groups of PMMA and rGO. At 50 kGy irradiation, lamellar structures were formed on

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018

Developing a biodegradable scaffold remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. This st... more Developing a biodegradable scaffold remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study was aimed at developing novel alginate-chitosan-collagen (SA-CS-Col) based composite scaffolds consisting of graphene oxide (GO) to enrich porous structures, elicited by freeze-drying technique. To characterize porosity, water absorption and compressive modulus, GO scaffolds (SA-CS-Col-GO) were prepared with and without Ca 2+-mediated crosslinking (chemical crosslinking) and analyzed using Raman, FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. Incorporation of GO into SA-CS-Col matrix increased both crosslinking density as indicated by the reduction of crystalline peaks in the XRD patterns and polyelectrolyte ion complex as confirmed by the FTIR. Graphene oxide scaffolds showed increased mechanical properties which were further increased for chemically crosslinked scaffolds. All scaffolds bared interconnected pores of 10 µm to 250 µm range. By increasing the crosslinking density with Ca 2+ , a decrease in porosity/swelling ratio was observed. Moreover, SA-CS-Col-GO scaffold with or without chemical crosslinking was more stable as compared to SA-CS or SA-CS-Col scaffolds when placed in aqueous solution. To perform in vitro biochemical studies, mouse osteoblast cells were grown on various scaffolds and evaluated for cell proliferation by using MTT assay, and mineralization and differentiation by alizarin red S staining. These measurements showed a significant increase for cells attached to the SA-CS-Col-GO scaffold, compared to SA-CS or SA-CS-Col composites. However, chemical crosslinking of SA-CS-Col-GO showed no effect on the osteogenic ability of osteoblasts. These studies indicate the potential use of GO to prepare free SA-CS-Col scaffolds with preserved porous structure with elongated collagen fibrils, and that these composites, which are biocompatible and stable in a biological medium, could be used for application in engineering bone tissue.

Advanced Materials Letters, 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) is the main inorganic component of hard tissues like ... more Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) is the main inorganic component of hard tissues like bone and teeth. HAp incorporated with magnetic ions, play an important role in cell separation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery and in hyperthermia treatment of cancer. In this study, the effect of 60 MeV Si 5+ ion on the hydrothermally synthesized Fe 3+ doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp, 33 nm) was investigated. At higher fluences, partial amorphization with an increase in the cluster size and surface roughness was observed. Depending on the ion fluence, pores ranging from 300 to 360 nm in size were produced. Irradiated Fe-HAp samples showed enhanced haemocompatibility and bioactivity. The drug (amoxycillin, AMX) loaded irradiated samples exhibited high antimicrobial activity.

SPIE Proceedings, 2016

Chemotherapy and radiation-therapy are conventional treatment procedure of cancer. Though radiati... more Chemotherapy and radiation-therapy are conventional treatment procedure of cancer. Though radiation therapy is very common practice for cancer treatment, it has limitations including incomplete and non specific destruction. Heating characteristics of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) is modelled using molecular dynamics simulation setup. This model would give an understanding for the treatment of cancer cell through MNP associated radiation-therapy. In this paper, alternating magnetic field driven heat generation of MNP is studied using classical molecular dynamics. Temperature is measured as an ensemble average of velocity of the atoms. Temperature stabilization is achieved. Under this simulation setting with certain parameters, 45°C temperature was obtained in our simulations. Simulation data would be helpful for experimental analysis to treat cancerous cell in presence of MNP under exposure to radiofrequency. The in vitro thermal characteristics of magnetite nanoparticles using magnetic coil of various frequencies (5, 7.5, 10 and 15 kHz), the saturation temperature was found at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. At frequency 50 kHz the live/dead and MTT assay was performed on magnetite nanoparticles using MC3T3 cells for 10 min duration. Low radio frequency (RF) radiation induced localized heat into the metallic nanoparticles which is clearly understood using the molecular dynamics simulation setup. Heating of nanoparticle trigger the killing of the tumor cells, acts as a local therapy, as it generates less side effects in comparison to other treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics XII, 2016

Microfluidic device based diagnostics involving optical fibre path, in situ imaging and spectrosc... more Microfluidic device based diagnostics involving optical fibre path, in situ imaging and spectroscopy are gaining importance due to recent advances in diagnostics instrumentation and methods, besides other factors such as low amount of reagent required for analysis, short investigation times, and potential possibilities to replace animal model based study in near future. It is possible to grow and monitor tissues in vitro in microfluidic lab-on-chip. It may become a transformative way of studying how cells interact with drugs, pathogens and biomaterials in physiologically relevant microenvironments. To a large extent, progress in developing clinically viable solutions has been constrained because of (i) contradiction between in vitro and in vivo results and (ii) animal model based and clinical studies which is very expensive. Our study here aims to evaluate the usefulness of microfluidic device based 3D tissue growth and monitoring approach to better emulate physiologically and clinically relevant microenvironments in comparison to conventional in vitro 2D culture. Moreover, the microfluidic methodology permits precise high-throughput investigations through real-time imaging while using very small amounts of reagents and cells. In the present study, we report on the details of an osteoblast cell based 3D microfluidic platform which we employ for osteogenic drug screening. The drug formulation is functionalized with fluorescence and other biomarkers for imaging and spectroscopy, respectively. Optical fibre coupled paths are used to obtain insight regarding the role of stress/flow pressure fluctuation and nanoparticle-drug concentration on the osteoblast growth and osteogenic properties of bone.

Ceramics International, 2015

Materials Research Bulletin, 2015

ABSTRACT Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp-Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, 35 nm) and magnesium (Mg2+) ion inc... more ABSTRACT Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp-Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, 35 nm) and magnesium (Mg2+) ion incorporated HAp were synthesized by microwave technique. XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FE-HRTEM (Field Emission High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry), microhardness, permittivity and alternating current (ac) conductivity, besides the PL (Photoluminescence), wettability and in vitro bioactivity of the samples were analysed. EDXRF revealed the Mg2+ ion incorporation in HAp. The Mg2+ ion incorporation did not alter the phase but drastically reduced the crystallite size and particle size respectively by 48% and 32%. There was enhanced microhardness (24%) at low level (<13%) and decreased zeta potential of Mg2+ ion incorporation. The permittivity, ac conductivity, PL, wettability and in vitro bioactivity were enhanced on Mg2+ ion incorporation. These properties enable them to be a promising candidate for wound healing, bone replacement applications and also as a biosensor.

RSC Advances, 2015

Porous 3D degradable hydrophilic ceramic–polymer composites were fabricated for tissue engineerin... more Porous 3D degradable hydrophilic ceramic–polymer composites were fabricated for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.

2D Nanomaterials for CO2 Conversion into Chemicals and Fuels

New Journal of Chemistry, 2021

The novelty of the present work is the in-vitro and in vivo nano-antibitoic combinational therapy... more The novelty of the present work is the in-vitro and in vivo nano-antibitoic combinational therapy along with in vitro anti-cancer and biocompatibility activities of green synthesized CuO NLs.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology, 2021

New Journal of Chemistry, 2020

Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite composite formed by the sonication technique investigated to have s... more Selenium-doped hydroxyapatite composite formed by the sonication technique investigated to have superior properties that are specifically advantageous in the tissue engineering, growth, and regeneration sector.

Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology, 2021

Materials Today Communications, 2020

In recent decades, increasing awareness towards green chemistry has led to a desire to develop an... more In recent decades, increasing awareness towards green chemistry has led to a desire to develop an eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles especially through plant-based bio-reduction. Green synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles have received wide interest due to its wide range of applicability as antibacterial agents and photocatalytic dye degradation. In the present study, aiming at green synthesis, Asperagus racemosus root extract mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ar-ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized and characterized using SEM, XRD, TEM, FTIR and TG-DTA analysis. The prime focus of the study is to explore the combinational antibacterial activity of Ar-ZnO NPs towards both human and fish bacterial pathogens. In addition, efficiency of Ar-ZnO NPs in dye degradation (malachite green) has been demonstrated. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have shown spherical and hexagonal particles with a size range of 30−70 nm with a significant fold increase in antibacterial activity in combination with neomycin. Furthermore, HEK cell lines have shown 81 % viability even at a higher concentration of Ar-ZnO NPs (100 ug/mL) indicating biocompatibility. The removal efficiency of Ar-ZnO for MG dye is 93.20 % for 3 h, which represents high dye degrading capacity of synthesized nanoparticles.

Materials Research Express, 2019

Composites Part B: Engineering, 2019

Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) (PrGO) composite films were fabric... more Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) (PrGO) composite films were fabricated by solvent evaporation technique and exposed to gamma radiation at different dosages viz. 25 kGy, 50 kGy and 100 kGy. The XRD analysis revealed the phases of PMMA and rGO and further confirmed the semi-crystalline nature of PMMA. The irradiation also decreased the peak intensities of the functional groups of PMMA and rGO. At 50 kGy irradiation, lamellar structures were formed on

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018

Developing a biodegradable scaffold remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. This st... more Developing a biodegradable scaffold remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study was aimed at developing novel alginate-chitosan-collagen (SA-CS-Col) based composite scaffolds consisting of graphene oxide (GO) to enrich porous structures, elicited by freeze-drying technique. To characterize porosity, water absorption and compressive modulus, GO scaffolds (SA-CS-Col-GO) were prepared with and without Ca 2+-mediated crosslinking (chemical crosslinking) and analyzed using Raman, FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. Incorporation of GO into SA-CS-Col matrix increased both crosslinking density as indicated by the reduction of crystalline peaks in the XRD patterns and polyelectrolyte ion complex as confirmed by the FTIR. Graphene oxide scaffolds showed increased mechanical properties which were further increased for chemically crosslinked scaffolds. All scaffolds bared interconnected pores of 10 µm to 250 µm range. By increasing the crosslinking density with Ca 2+ , a decrease in porosity/swelling ratio was observed. Moreover, SA-CS-Col-GO scaffold with or without chemical crosslinking was more stable as compared to SA-CS or SA-CS-Col scaffolds when placed in aqueous solution. To perform in vitro biochemical studies, mouse osteoblast cells were grown on various scaffolds and evaluated for cell proliferation by using MTT assay, and mineralization and differentiation by alizarin red S staining. These measurements showed a significant increase for cells attached to the SA-CS-Col-GO scaffold, compared to SA-CS or SA-CS-Col composites. However, chemical crosslinking of SA-CS-Col-GO showed no effect on the osteogenic ability of osteoblasts. These studies indicate the potential use of GO to prepare free SA-CS-Col scaffolds with preserved porous structure with elongated collagen fibrils, and that these composites, which are biocompatible and stable in a biological medium, could be used for application in engineering bone tissue.

Advanced Materials Letters, 2013

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) is the main inorganic component of hard tissues like ... more Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) is the main inorganic component of hard tissues like bone and teeth. HAp incorporated with magnetic ions, play an important role in cell separation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), targeted drug delivery and in hyperthermia treatment of cancer. In this study, the effect of 60 MeV Si 5+ ion on the hydrothermally synthesized Fe 3+ doped hydroxyapatite (Fe-HAp, 33 nm) was investigated. At higher fluences, partial amorphization with an increase in the cluster size and surface roughness was observed. Depending on the ion fluence, pores ranging from 300 to 360 nm in size were produced. Irradiated Fe-HAp samples showed enhanced haemocompatibility and bioactivity. The drug (amoxycillin, AMX) loaded irradiated samples exhibited high antimicrobial activity.

SPIE Proceedings, 2016

Chemotherapy and radiation-therapy are conventional treatment procedure of cancer. Though radiati... more Chemotherapy and radiation-therapy are conventional treatment procedure of cancer. Though radiation therapy is very common practice for cancer treatment, it has limitations including incomplete and non specific destruction. Heating characteristics of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) is modelled using molecular dynamics simulation setup. This model would give an understanding for the treatment of cancer cell through MNP associated radiation-therapy. In this paper, alternating magnetic field driven heat generation of MNP is studied using classical molecular dynamics. Temperature is measured as an ensemble average of velocity of the atoms. Temperature stabilization is achieved. Under this simulation setting with certain parameters, 45°C temperature was obtained in our simulations. Simulation data would be helpful for experimental analysis to treat cancerous cell in presence of MNP under exposure to radiofrequency. The in vitro thermal characteristics of magnetite nanoparticles using magnetic coil of various frequencies (5, 7.5, 10 and 15 kHz), the saturation temperature was found at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. At frequency 50 kHz the live/dead and MTT assay was performed on magnetite nanoparticles using MC3T3 cells for 10 min duration. Low radio frequency (RF) radiation induced localized heat into the metallic nanoparticles which is clearly understood using the molecular dynamics simulation setup. Heating of nanoparticle trigger the killing of the tumor cells, acts as a local therapy, as it generates less side effects in comparison to other treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics XII, 2016

Microfluidic device based diagnostics involving optical fibre path, in situ imaging and spectrosc... more Microfluidic device based diagnostics involving optical fibre path, in situ imaging and spectroscopy are gaining importance due to recent advances in diagnostics instrumentation and methods, besides other factors such as low amount of reagent required for analysis, short investigation times, and potential possibilities to replace animal model based study in near future. It is possible to grow and monitor tissues in vitro in microfluidic lab-on-chip. It may become a transformative way of studying how cells interact with drugs, pathogens and biomaterials in physiologically relevant microenvironments. To a large extent, progress in developing clinically viable solutions has been constrained because of (i) contradiction between in vitro and in vivo results and (ii) animal model based and clinical studies which is very expensive. Our study here aims to evaluate the usefulness of microfluidic device based 3D tissue growth and monitoring approach to better emulate physiologically and clinically relevant microenvironments in comparison to conventional in vitro 2D culture. Moreover, the microfluidic methodology permits precise high-throughput investigations through real-time imaging while using very small amounts of reagents and cells. In the present study, we report on the details of an osteoblast cell based 3D microfluidic platform which we employ for osteogenic drug screening. The drug formulation is functionalized with fluorescence and other biomarkers for imaging and spectroscopy, respectively. Optical fibre coupled paths are used to obtain insight regarding the role of stress/flow pressure fluctuation and nanoparticle-drug concentration on the osteoblast growth and osteogenic properties of bone.

Ceramics International, 2015

Materials Research Bulletin, 2015

ABSTRACT Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp-Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, 35 nm) and magnesium (Mg2+) ion inc... more ABSTRACT Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp-Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, 35 nm) and magnesium (Mg2+) ion incorporated HAp were synthesized by microwave technique. XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), FE-HRTEM (Field Emission High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry), microhardness, permittivity and alternating current (ac) conductivity, besides the PL (Photoluminescence), wettability and in vitro bioactivity of the samples were analysed. EDXRF revealed the Mg2+ ion incorporation in HAp. The Mg2+ ion incorporation did not alter the phase but drastically reduced the crystallite size and particle size respectively by 48% and 32%. There was enhanced microhardness (24%) at low level (<13%) and decreased zeta potential of Mg2+ ion incorporation. The permittivity, ac conductivity, PL, wettability and in vitro bioactivity were enhanced on Mg2+ ion incorporation. These properties enable them to be a promising candidate for wound healing, bone replacement applications and also as a biosensor.

RSC Advances, 2015

Porous 3D degradable hydrophilic ceramic–polymer composites were fabricated for tissue engineerin... more Porous 3D degradable hydrophilic ceramic–polymer composites were fabricated for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.