Satish Walia - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Satish Walia

Research paper thumbnail of Usefulness of DNA probes for the isolation of efficient PCB-degrading bacteria from toxic chemicals contaminated environment

Research paper thumbnail of Construction and analysis of miniplasmids of the colicin Ib plasmid

Plasmid, 1983

Miniplasmids of the colicin Ib (ColIb) plasmid have been isolated from two TnS-induced mutants of... more Miniplasmids of the colicin Ib (ColIb) plasmid have been isolated from two TnS-induced mutants of ColIb and their structure determined. These have then been used to order the sequence of restriction endonuclease fragments of the whole plasmid. In addition, the sites of the colicin, colicin immunity, and abortive infection gene have been determined in relation to the restriction sites. By comparison of the miniplasmids with other "I" incompatibility group plsmids, the probable location of the incompatibility gene and the origin of replication have been confirmed.

Research paper thumbnail of Progesterone binding in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria on Iceberg Lettuce Retailed for Human Consumption

Biomed Research International, Mar 1, 2015

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global problem exacerbated by the dissemination o... more ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global problem exacerbated by the dissemination of resistant bacteria via uncooked food, such as green leafy vegetables. New strains of bacteria are emerging on a daily basis with novel expanded antibiotic resistance profiles. In this pilot study, we examined the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria against five classes of antibiotics on iceberg lettuce retailed in local convenience stores in Rochester, Michigan. In this study, 138 morphologically distinct bacterial colonies from 9 iceberg lettuce samples were randomly picked and tested for antibiotic resistance. Among these isolates, the vast majority (86%) demonstrated resistance to cefotaxime, and among the resistant bacteria, the majority showed multiple drug resistance, particularly against cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Three bacterial isolates (2.17%) out of 138 were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Two ESBL producers (T1 and T5) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic pathogen with transferable sulfhydryl variable-(SHV-) and TEM-type ESBLs, respectively. The DNA sequence analysis of the í µí±í µí±™í µí±Ž SHV detected in K. pneumoniae isolate T1 revealed 99% relatedness to í µí±í µí±™í µí±Ž SHV genes found in clinical isolates. This implies that iceberg lettuce is a potential reservoir of newly emerging and evolving antibiotic resistant bacteria and its consumption poses serious threat to human health.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification and localization of 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase genes of Pseudomonas putida and expression in Escherichia coli

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1990

The bphC and bphD genes of Pseudomonas putida involved in the catabolism of polychlorinated biphe... more The bphC and bphD genes of Pseudomonas putida involved in the catabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls or biphenyl were identified, localized, and studied for expression in Escherichia coli. This was achieved by cloning a 2.4-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment of recombinant cosmid pOH101 into HindIII site of pUC plasmids downstream of a lacZ promoter and measuring the enzyme activities of 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase (3-PDase; a product of bphC) and the meta-cleavage product 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase (a product of bphD). The amount of 3-PDase produced in E. coli was about 20 times higher than that of the enzyme produced by the parent, P. putida. Determination of expression of the bphC and bphD genes through their own promoter sequences or by using the lacZ promoter of pUC plasmids was done by cloning the DNA that encodes bphC and bphD genes in a HindIII site of a promoter selection vector (pKK232-8) upstream of the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Cloning of bacterial genes specifying degradation of 4-chlorobiphenyl from Pseudomonas putida OU83

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1989

Genes capable of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) degradation were cloned from 4-CBP-degrading Pseudomona... more Genes capable of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) degradation were cloned from 4-CBP-degrading Pseudomonas putida OU83 by using a genomic library which was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid vector pCP13. P. putida AC812 containing chimeric cosmid-expressing enzymes involved in the 4-CBP degradation pathway were identified by detecting 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase activity (3-PDA). Chimeric cosmid clones pOH83, pOH84, pOH85, pOH87, and pOH88 positive for 3-PDA grew in synthetic basal medium containing 4-CBP (5 mM) as a carbon source. Restriction digestion analysis of recombinant cosmids showed DNA inserts ranging from 6 to 30 kilobase pairs. Southern hybridization data revealed that the cloned DNA inserts originated from strain OU83. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the metabolites of P. putida AC812(pOH88) incubated with 4-CBP and 4'-chloro-3-phenylcatechol showed the formation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid and benzoic acid. These results demonstrate that the cloned D...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular cloning of 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase involved in the catabolic pathway of chlorinated biphenyl from Pseudomonas putida and its expression in Escherichia coli

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1988

Genes encoding 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenases were cloned from the chlorobiphenyl-degrading Pseudo... more Genes encoding 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenases were cloned from the chlorobiphenyl-degrading Pseudomonas putida strain OU83, using broad-host-range cosmid vector pCP13. Restriction enzyme analysis of DNA from 2,3-dioxygenase-positive chimeric cosmids showed DNA inserts ranging in size from 6.0 to 30 kilobases. The origin of the DNA insert in hybrid clones was established by using 32P-labeled hybrid clones (pOH101 and pOH810). A 2.3-kilobase HindIII fragment was common to two clones. The 2,3-dioxygenase from the parent P. putida strain, OU83, and the recombinant clones (pOH101 and pOH8101) showed similar characteristics as determined by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 2,3-dioxygenase from the Escherichia coli recombinant cosmid showed a pI of 5.0, a Km of 14 microM, and broad substrate activity with catechol, 4-chlorocatechol, 4-methylcatechol, and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl.

Research paper thumbnail of Construction and applications of DNA probes for detection of polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading genotypes in toxic organic-contaminated soil environments

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Expression, localization, and functional analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl degradation genes cbpABCD of Pseudomonas putida

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1991

Genes of Pseudomonas putida strains that are capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls were ... more Genes of Pseudomonas putida strains that are capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls were cloned in the plasmid vector pUC19. The resultant hybrid plasmid, pAW6194, contained cbpABCD genes on a 9.0-kb DNA fragment that was necessary for the catabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls. These genes were further subcloned on an 8.0-kb HindIII fragment of pAW540. Degradation of 3-chlorobiphenyl, 2,4-dichlorobiphenyl, and 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl into a chloro derivative of benzoic acid was found in Escherichia coli harboring chimeric plasmid pAW540. Expression of cbpA (biphenyl dioxygenase, 6.2 U/mg of protein) and cbpC (3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase, 611.00 U/mg of protein) genes was also found in E. coli containing the hybrid plasmid pAW540. These enzyme activities were up to 10-fold higher than those found in P. putida OU83. These results led us to conclude that cbpABCD genes of P. putida OU83 were encoded on cloned DNA and expressed in E. coli. Whether the expression of cbpABCD gen...

Research paper thumbnail of Quantitation of antibiotic resistance genes pollution in hospital waste water effluent and Urban Clinton River Water, Michigan, USA

Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2016

Abstract Hospitals are the major antibiotic consumers and thus facilitate the spread of antibioti... more Abstract Hospitals are the major antibiotic consumers and thus facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance. Hospital wastewaters definitely play an important role in the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of three common groups of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and their resistance genes in the hospital effluent and urban river as possible sources. A total of 156 bacteria were isolated from upstream and downstream of hospital waste-water treatment plant. Waste water samples were analyzed for the copy number of three groups of ESBL; SHV, TEM and CTX-M-1 genes. The bacteria isolated were approximately 40–65% resistant to cefotaxime, 25–40% to chloramphenicol, 30–40% to tetracycline, 25–65% to ciprofloxacin and finally 30–50% to gentamicin. Of these 156 bacteria, 34 (22%) were found to be ESBL producing bacteria. The copy numbers 1 are 10 2 , 10 4 and 10 3 , respectively. Based on the data, the abundance of bla SHV and bla CTX-M-1 remained similar in both populations whereas the quantity of bla TEM decreased to an order of 10 2 in Urban Clinton River Water (UCRW). Hospital effluent and urban rivers are potential routes for dissemination of ESBL producing bacteria and their respective genes into the natural environment and pose a hazard to environmental and public health.

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental Biotechnology. Reducing Risks from Environmental Chemicals Through Biotechnology. Basic Life Sciences Vol. 45

Bioscience, 1989

Microbial Ecology.- The Ecology of an Anaerobic Dechlorinating Consortium.- Performance of Biodeg... more Microbial Ecology.- The Ecology of an Anaerobic Dechlorinating Consortium.- Performance of Biodegradative Microorganisms in Soil: Xenobiotic Chemicals as Unexploited Metabolic Niches.- Tracking Microorganisms and Genes in the Environment.- Relevant Advances in Molecular Biology.- Prospects for Laboratory Engineering of Bacteria to Degrade Pollutants.- Constructing Microbial Strains for Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- Stable Inheritance of Bacterial Plasmids: Practical Considerations in the Release of Organisms into the Environment.- Biotransformations of Mercury Compounds.- Minimizing Risks of Release of Microorganisms into the Environment.- Using Knowledge of Virulence Factors to Select or Design Organisms with Low Risk of Pathogenicity.- Applications to Chemical and Environmental Targets, Combining Microbial and Engineering Approaches.- Bioengineering Issues Related to in Situ Remediation of Contaminated Soils and Groundwater.- Bioremediation of Chemical Spills.- Microbiological Cleanup of Groundwater Contaminated by Pentachlorophenol.- Remediation of Multimedia Contamination from the Wood-Preserving Industry.- Preliminary Development of a Bench-Scale Treatment System for Aerobic Degradation of Trichloroethylene.- Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in the Environment.- Discussion.- Complex Industrial Waste Sites.- Biological Approaches for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degradation.- Exploitation of the High Affinity and Specificity of Proteins in Waste Stream Treatment.- Bioprocessing of Coal.- Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Hazardous Wastes.- Environmental Concerns Associated with the Design of Genetic Engineering Facilities.- The Role of Biotechnology in Pollution Control and the Role of Genetic Engineering in such Biotechnology Applications.- Assessment, Communication, and Management of Environmental Risks.- Balancing Regulatory Control, Scientific Knowledge, and Public Understanding.- Environmental Pollution Policies in Light of Biotechnological Assessment: Organisation for Economic Cooperation, United Kingdom, and European Economic Council Perspectives.- Environmental Protection Agency Actions to Stimulate Use of Biotechnology for Pollution Control and Cleanup.- Commentary: Some Issues in Biodegradation.- Corporate Panel.- Users and Providers of the New Technologies.- Public Participation.- Public Participation.- Superfund Strategies and Technologies: A Role for Biotechnology.- Concluding Remarks.- Concluding Remarks.- Poster Abstracts (Alphabetical).- 4-Chlorobenzoate Metabolism by Acinetobacter SP. 4-CB 1 and Its Relevance to Biodegradation of 4,4?-Dichlorobiphenyl.- Analysis of the Promoter for the Pseudomonas Putida catBC Operon.- Two Joint Office of Research and Development/Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Projects.- Modeling the Growth Kinetics and Substrate Utilization of a TCE-Degrading Microorganism.- A Shuttle System for the Rapid Introduction of Tracking and other Genes into the Chromosomes of Soil Bacteria.- The Molecular Microbial Ecology of a Catabolic Genotype in a Biological Treatment Process.- Pilot-Scale Biological Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater at an Abandoned Wood Treatment Plant.- Cloning and Sequencing of pseudomonas Genes Involved in the Demethylation of the Lignin Degradation Derivative, Vanillate.- A Novel Method to Detect Genetically Altered Microorganisms in the Environment.- Successful Microbial Remediations of Large-Scale Hazardous Waste Problems, Soils, and Waste Site Leachate.- Biodegradation of the Herbicide Alachlor in Liquid Culture and a Soil Slurry.- Microbial Volatilization of Selenium from Soils.- Transformation and Mineralization of Aroclor 1254.- Microbial Degradation of Chlorinated Unsaturated Fatty Acids.- Anaerobic Biodegradation Capabilities of Freshwater Lake Sediments: Influence of Temperature and Sulfate Concentration on the Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol.- A New Method for Bacterial Strain Construction in Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Compounds.- The Organofluorophosphate Hydrolases of Tetrahymena thermophila and Rangia cuneata.- Fluidity of Plasmid DNA Fragments Involved in Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by pseudomonas putida Strain R5-3.- Biological Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Waste Lagoons.- Enhanced Biological Removal of Toluene from Aqueous Systems.- On-Site Biological Treatment of Creosote-Contaminated Soils.- Risk Assessment of Application of Biodegradative Microorganisms for Hazardous Waste Destruction.- Anaerobic Treatment of Waste Streams from the Organic Chemicals Industry.- Biological Treatment for Soils Contaminated with Polychlorinated Biphenyls.- Degradation of Substituted Phenols by Immobilized Bacteria.- Metabolic Conversion of Lindane to Chlorophenols, Hydrophobic Acids, and More Hydrophilic Products by Streptomyces PSI.- Respirometric Study of Microbial Degradation of Phenol.- Field Demonstration of the Effectiveness of Land Application for…

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of self-transmissible plasmids determining lactose fermentation and multiple antibiotic resistance in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Research paper thumbnail of R-plasmid linked lactose fermentation in Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Transmissible drug resistance among Klebsiella species in urinary tract infection

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Klebocin typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Alterations in induced oxytetracycline resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The Indian journal of medical research, 1981

Research paper thumbnail of Induction of oxytetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Indian journal of experimental biology, 1980

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of R-plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1980

A total of 200 strains of Klebsiella pneumonaie isolated from various sources were studied for an... more A total of 200 strains of Klebsiella pneumonaie isolated from various sources were studied for antibiotic resistance to eight drugs. Maximum resistance of 76.0 per cent was shown to ampicillin and minimum of 9.0 per cent to rifampicin. Sixteen out of 200 strains were sensitive to all the antibiotics. 184 strains were subjected to conjugative transfer study. R-plasmid was observed in 138 strains (75.0 per cent). Enbloc transfer was seen in 47 (25.54 per cent) strains and partial transfer in 91 (49.45 per cent) strains. Primary transfer was maximum for ampicillin (67.66 per cent) and minimum for gentamicin (8.88 per cent). Enbloc and partial secondary transfer was seen in 61 and 42 strains respectively in 103 transconjugants. Secondary transfer was maximum for ampicillin (71.28 per cent) and there was no transfer for gentamicin.

Research paper thumbnail of Bacteriocin (klebocin) sensitivity typing as an epidemiological marker of Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1980

Research paper thumbnail of Plasmid linked mercury & zinc resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1986

Research paper thumbnail of Usefulness of DNA probes for the isolation of efficient PCB-degrading bacteria from toxic chemicals contaminated environment

Research paper thumbnail of Construction and analysis of miniplasmids of the colicin Ib plasmid

Plasmid, 1983

Miniplasmids of the colicin Ib (ColIb) plasmid have been isolated from two TnS-induced mutants of... more Miniplasmids of the colicin Ib (ColIb) plasmid have been isolated from two TnS-induced mutants of ColIb and their structure determined. These have then been used to order the sequence of restriction endonuclease fragments of the whole plasmid. In addition, the sites of the colicin, colicin immunity, and abortive infection gene have been determined in relation to the restriction sites. By comparison of the miniplasmids with other "I" incompatibility group plsmids, the probable location of the incompatibility gene and the origin of replication have been confirmed.

Research paper thumbnail of Progesterone binding in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1991

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria on Iceberg Lettuce Retailed for Human Consumption

Biomed Research International, Mar 1, 2015

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global problem exacerbated by the dissemination o... more ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a global problem exacerbated by the dissemination of resistant bacteria via uncooked food, such as green leafy vegetables. New strains of bacteria are emerging on a daily basis with novel expanded antibiotic resistance profiles. In this pilot study, we examined the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria against five classes of antibiotics on iceberg lettuce retailed in local convenience stores in Rochester, Michigan. In this study, 138 morphologically distinct bacterial colonies from 9 iceberg lettuce samples were randomly picked and tested for antibiotic resistance. Among these isolates, the vast majority (86%) demonstrated resistance to cefotaxime, and among the resistant bacteria, the majority showed multiple drug resistance, particularly against cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Three bacterial isolates (2.17%) out of 138 were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Two ESBL producers (T1 and T5) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic pathogen with transferable sulfhydryl variable-(SHV-) and TEM-type ESBLs, respectively. The DNA sequence analysis of the í µí±í µí±™í µí±Ž SHV detected in K. pneumoniae isolate T1 revealed 99% relatedness to í µí±í µí±™í µí±Ž SHV genes found in clinical isolates. This implies that iceberg lettuce is a potential reservoir of newly emerging and evolving antibiotic resistant bacteria and its consumption poses serious threat to human health.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification and localization of 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase genes of Pseudomonas putida and expression in Escherichia coli

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1990

The bphC and bphD genes of Pseudomonas putida involved in the catabolism of polychlorinated biphe... more The bphC and bphD genes of Pseudomonas putida involved in the catabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls or biphenyl were identified, localized, and studied for expression in Escherichia coli. This was achieved by cloning a 2.4-kilobase (kb) DNA fragment of recombinant cosmid pOH101 into HindIII site of pUC plasmids downstream of a lacZ promoter and measuring the enzyme activities of 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase (3-PDase; a product of bphC) and the meta-cleavage product 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase (a product of bphD). The amount of 3-PDase produced in E. coli was about 20 times higher than that of the enzyme produced by the parent, P. putida. Determination of expression of the bphC and bphD genes through their own promoter sequences or by using the lacZ promoter of pUC plasmids was done by cloning the DNA that encodes bphC and bphD genes in a HindIII site of a promoter selection vector (pKK232-8) upstream of the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). ...

Research paper thumbnail of Cloning of bacterial genes specifying degradation of 4-chlorobiphenyl from Pseudomonas putida OU83

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1989

Genes capable of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) degradation were cloned from 4-CBP-degrading Pseudomona... more Genes capable of 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) degradation were cloned from 4-CBP-degrading Pseudomonas putida OU83 by using a genomic library which was constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid vector pCP13. P. putida AC812 containing chimeric cosmid-expressing enzymes involved in the 4-CBP degradation pathway were identified by detecting 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase activity (3-PDA). Chimeric cosmid clones pOH83, pOH84, pOH85, pOH87, and pOH88 positive for 3-PDA grew in synthetic basal medium containing 4-CBP (5 mM) as a carbon source. Restriction digestion analysis of recombinant cosmids showed DNA inserts ranging from 6 to 30 kilobase pairs. Southern hybridization data revealed that the cloned DNA inserts originated from strain OU83. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the metabolites of P. putida AC812(pOH88) incubated with 4-CBP and 4'-chloro-3-phenylcatechol showed the formation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid and benzoic acid. These results demonstrate that the cloned D...

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular cloning of 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase involved in the catabolic pathway of chlorinated biphenyl from Pseudomonas putida and its expression in Escherichia coli

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1988

Genes encoding 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenases were cloned from the chlorobiphenyl-degrading Pseudo... more Genes encoding 3-phenylcatechol dioxygenases were cloned from the chlorobiphenyl-degrading Pseudomonas putida strain OU83, using broad-host-range cosmid vector pCP13. Restriction enzyme analysis of DNA from 2,3-dioxygenase-positive chimeric cosmids showed DNA inserts ranging in size from 6.0 to 30 kilobases. The origin of the DNA insert in hybrid clones was established by using 32P-labeled hybrid clones (pOH101 and pOH810). A 2.3-kilobase HindIII fragment was common to two clones. The 2,3-dioxygenase from the parent P. putida strain, OU83, and the recombinant clones (pOH101 and pOH8101) showed similar characteristics as determined by isoelectric focusing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 2,3-dioxygenase from the Escherichia coli recombinant cosmid showed a pI of 5.0, a Km of 14 microM, and broad substrate activity with catechol, 4-chlorocatechol, 4-methylcatechol, and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl.

Research paper thumbnail of Construction and applications of DNA probes for detection of polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading genotypes in toxic organic-contaminated soil environments

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1990

Research paper thumbnail of Expression, localization, and functional analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl degradation genes cbpABCD of Pseudomonas putida

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1991

Genes of Pseudomonas putida strains that are capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls were ... more Genes of Pseudomonas putida strains that are capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls were cloned in the plasmid vector pUC19. The resultant hybrid plasmid, pAW6194, contained cbpABCD genes on a 9.0-kb DNA fragment that was necessary for the catabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls. These genes were further subcloned on an 8.0-kb HindIII fragment of pAW540. Degradation of 3-chlorobiphenyl, 2,4-dichlorobiphenyl, and 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl into a chloro derivative of benzoic acid was found in Escherichia coli harboring chimeric plasmid pAW540. Expression of cbpA (biphenyl dioxygenase, 6.2 U/mg of protein) and cbpC (3-phenylcatechol dioxygenase, 611.00 U/mg of protein) genes was also found in E. coli containing the hybrid plasmid pAW540. These enzyme activities were up to 10-fold higher than those found in P. putida OU83. These results led us to conclude that cbpABCD genes of P. putida OU83 were encoded on cloned DNA and expressed in E. coli. Whether the expression of cbpABCD gen...

Research paper thumbnail of Quantitation of antibiotic resistance genes pollution in hospital waste water effluent and Urban Clinton River Water, Michigan, USA

Current Medicine Research and Practice, 2016

Abstract Hospitals are the major antibiotic consumers and thus facilitate the spread of antibioti... more Abstract Hospitals are the major antibiotic consumers and thus facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance. Hospital wastewaters definitely play an important role in the evolution and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of three common groups of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and their resistance genes in the hospital effluent and urban river as possible sources. A total of 156 bacteria were isolated from upstream and downstream of hospital waste-water treatment plant. Waste water samples were analyzed for the copy number of three groups of ESBL; SHV, TEM and CTX-M-1 genes. The bacteria isolated were approximately 40–65% resistant to cefotaxime, 25–40% to chloramphenicol, 30–40% to tetracycline, 25–65% to ciprofloxacin and finally 30–50% to gentamicin. Of these 156 bacteria, 34 (22%) were found to be ESBL producing bacteria. The copy numbers 1 are 10 2 , 10 4 and 10 3 , respectively. Based on the data, the abundance of bla SHV and bla CTX-M-1 remained similar in both populations whereas the quantity of bla TEM decreased to an order of 10 2 in Urban Clinton River Water (UCRW). Hospital effluent and urban rivers are potential routes for dissemination of ESBL producing bacteria and their respective genes into the natural environment and pose a hazard to environmental and public health.

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental Biotechnology. Reducing Risks from Environmental Chemicals Through Biotechnology. Basic Life Sciences Vol. 45

Bioscience, 1989

Microbial Ecology.- The Ecology of an Anaerobic Dechlorinating Consortium.- Performance of Biodeg... more Microbial Ecology.- The Ecology of an Anaerobic Dechlorinating Consortium.- Performance of Biodegradative Microorganisms in Soil: Xenobiotic Chemicals as Unexploited Metabolic Niches.- Tracking Microorganisms and Genes in the Environment.- Relevant Advances in Molecular Biology.- Prospects for Laboratory Engineering of Bacteria to Degrade Pollutants.- Constructing Microbial Strains for Degradation of Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- Stable Inheritance of Bacterial Plasmids: Practical Considerations in the Release of Organisms into the Environment.- Biotransformations of Mercury Compounds.- Minimizing Risks of Release of Microorganisms into the Environment.- Using Knowledge of Virulence Factors to Select or Design Organisms with Low Risk of Pathogenicity.- Applications to Chemical and Environmental Targets, Combining Microbial and Engineering Approaches.- Bioengineering Issues Related to in Situ Remediation of Contaminated Soils and Groundwater.- Bioremediation of Chemical Spills.- Microbiological Cleanup of Groundwater Contaminated by Pentachlorophenol.- Remediation of Multimedia Contamination from the Wood-Preserving Industry.- Preliminary Development of a Bench-Scale Treatment System for Aerobic Degradation of Trichloroethylene.- Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in the Environment.- Discussion.- Complex Industrial Waste Sites.- Biological Approaches for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degradation.- Exploitation of the High Affinity and Specificity of Proteins in Waste Stream Treatment.- Bioprocessing of Coal.- Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Hazardous Wastes.- Environmental Concerns Associated with the Design of Genetic Engineering Facilities.- The Role of Biotechnology in Pollution Control and the Role of Genetic Engineering in such Biotechnology Applications.- Assessment, Communication, and Management of Environmental Risks.- Balancing Regulatory Control, Scientific Knowledge, and Public Understanding.- Environmental Pollution Policies in Light of Biotechnological Assessment: Organisation for Economic Cooperation, United Kingdom, and European Economic Council Perspectives.- Environmental Protection Agency Actions to Stimulate Use of Biotechnology for Pollution Control and Cleanup.- Commentary: Some Issues in Biodegradation.- Corporate Panel.- Users and Providers of the New Technologies.- Public Participation.- Public Participation.- Superfund Strategies and Technologies: A Role for Biotechnology.- Concluding Remarks.- Concluding Remarks.- Poster Abstracts (Alphabetical).- 4-Chlorobenzoate Metabolism by Acinetobacter SP. 4-CB 1 and Its Relevance to Biodegradation of 4,4?-Dichlorobiphenyl.- Analysis of the Promoter for the Pseudomonas Putida catBC Operon.- Two Joint Office of Research and Development/Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Projects.- Modeling the Growth Kinetics and Substrate Utilization of a TCE-Degrading Microorganism.- A Shuttle System for the Rapid Introduction of Tracking and other Genes into the Chromosomes of Soil Bacteria.- The Molecular Microbial Ecology of a Catabolic Genotype in a Biological Treatment Process.- Pilot-Scale Biological Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater at an Abandoned Wood Treatment Plant.- Cloning and Sequencing of pseudomonas Genes Involved in the Demethylation of the Lignin Degradation Derivative, Vanillate.- A Novel Method to Detect Genetically Altered Microorganisms in the Environment.- Successful Microbial Remediations of Large-Scale Hazardous Waste Problems, Soils, and Waste Site Leachate.- Biodegradation of the Herbicide Alachlor in Liquid Culture and a Soil Slurry.- Microbial Volatilization of Selenium from Soils.- Transformation and Mineralization of Aroclor 1254.- Microbial Degradation of Chlorinated Unsaturated Fatty Acids.- Anaerobic Biodegradation Capabilities of Freshwater Lake Sediments: Influence of Temperature and Sulfate Concentration on the Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol.- A New Method for Bacterial Strain Construction in Biodegradation of Xenobiotic Compounds.- The Organofluorophosphate Hydrolases of Tetrahymena thermophila and Rangia cuneata.- Fluidity of Plasmid DNA Fragments Involved in Biodegradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by pseudomonas putida Strain R5-3.- Biological Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Waste Lagoons.- Enhanced Biological Removal of Toluene from Aqueous Systems.- On-Site Biological Treatment of Creosote-Contaminated Soils.- Risk Assessment of Application of Biodegradative Microorganisms for Hazardous Waste Destruction.- Anaerobic Treatment of Waste Streams from the Organic Chemicals Industry.- Biological Treatment for Soils Contaminated with Polychlorinated Biphenyls.- Degradation of Substituted Phenols by Immobilized Bacteria.- Metabolic Conversion of Lindane to Chlorophenols, Hydrophobic Acids, and More Hydrophilic Products by Streptomyces PSI.- Respirometric Study of Microbial Degradation of Phenol.- Field Demonstration of the Effectiveness of Land Application for…

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of self-transmissible plasmids determining lactose fermentation and multiple antibiotic resistance in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Research paper thumbnail of R-plasmid linked lactose fermentation in Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Transmissible drug resistance among Klebsiella species in urinary tract infection

Indian journal of pathology & microbiology, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Klebocin typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1979

Research paper thumbnail of Alterations in induced oxytetracycline resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The Indian journal of medical research, 1981

Research paper thumbnail of Induction of oxytetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Indian journal of experimental biology, 1980

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of R-plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1980

A total of 200 strains of Klebsiella pneumonaie isolated from various sources were studied for an... more A total of 200 strains of Klebsiella pneumonaie isolated from various sources were studied for antibiotic resistance to eight drugs. Maximum resistance of 76.0 per cent was shown to ampicillin and minimum of 9.0 per cent to rifampicin. Sixteen out of 200 strains were sensitive to all the antibiotics. 184 strains were subjected to conjugative transfer study. R-plasmid was observed in 138 strains (75.0 per cent). Enbloc transfer was seen in 47 (25.54 per cent) strains and partial transfer in 91 (49.45 per cent) strains. Primary transfer was maximum for ampicillin (67.66 per cent) and minimum for gentamicin (8.88 per cent). Enbloc and partial secondary transfer was seen in 61 and 42 strains respectively in 103 transconjugants. Secondary transfer was maximum for ampicillin (71.28 per cent) and there was no transfer for gentamicin.

Research paper thumbnail of Bacteriocin (klebocin) sensitivity typing as an epidemiological marker of Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1980

Research paper thumbnail of Plasmid linked mercury & zinc resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

The Indian journal of medical research, 1986