Scott Bunce - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Scott Bunce

Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment

Selon la presente invention, la neuroimagerie dans l'infrarouge proche (fNIR) fonctionnelle e... more Selon la presente invention, la neuroimagerie dans l'infrarouge proche (fNIR) fonctionnelle est utilisee pour detecter la supercherie. Les taux d'oxygenation de parties du cerveau d'un sujet sont images a l'aide d'une spectroscopie fNIR. Les taux d'oxygenation mesures sont utilises pour determiner si le sujet ment ou dit la verite. Dans un exemple de configuration, les taux d'oxygenation des zones corticales prefrontales inferieures et/ou medianes du cerveau, telles que le cortex prefrontal dorsolateral bilateral et/ou inferieur frontal, sont mesures pour determiner si un sujet ment ou bien dit la verite. Un exemple de systeme comprend un dispositif de detection en forme de ceinture portable souple qui est situe a proximite du cuir chevelu du sujet. L'activite neurale detectee est transmise par des moyens avec ou sans fil vers un processeur pour etre analysee. En consequence, les resultats peuvent etre rendus disponibles apres un calcul de moyenne apr...

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2018

IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE, Jul 1, 2006

Future issues of the magazine will have the themes of Teaching Engineering in Medicine and Biolog... more Future issues of the magazine will have the themes of Teaching Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Tissue Engineering, Biotechnology, and Wearable Sensors/Systems and Their Impact on BME. Contributions on theme topics are invited. Other technical articles and feature stories of interest to biomedical engineers are also welcome. All articles are submitted anonymously for peer review. Letters to the editor, notes, commentaries, and other pieces of personal opinion will be published as such. We also seek press releases related ...

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2015

Aims: Alcohol advertisement has been indicated as an important factor shaping youngster’s decisio... more Aims: Alcohol advertisement has been indicated as an important factor shaping youngster’s decision to drink. This study aims to investigate the association between alcohol ads with drinking intention and behaviors among adolescents in Taiwan. Methods: The data were derived from the Alcohol-Related Experiences among Children II. The baseline sample comprised 1926 7th to 8th graders from 11 public middle schools in Taipei by multi-stage sampling; follow-up was conducted in 9th grade (follow-up rate =97%). Data concerning sociodemographic and family characteristics, exposure to alcohol ads on eight marketing channels, and drinking experiences were collected by web-based self-administratedquestionnnaires. Complex survey analyseswere used to evaluate the predictors for drinking behaviors in 9th grade, with stratification by prior drinking experiences in childhood. Results: Approximately 45% students had tried alcoholic beverages at least once in 7th grade. Annual incidence of alcohol initiation was estimated 18%. 90% of adolescents were exposed to alcohol ads on television in 7th grade, and the estimates for pamphlets andwebsite was 27% and 68%, respectively. After statistical adjustment for potential confounders at baseline, exposure to alcohol ads on pamphlets, television, website, and stores was significantly linkedwith subsequent alcohol initiation (aOR=1.3–3.4); continued drinking was only linked with pamphlet ads (aOR=1.2). Website alcohol ads exposure may increase future drinking intention in noncurrent drinkers by 46–50%. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that alcohol advertisement on marketing channels may have differential effects on youngsters’ involvement of drinking behaviors and intention through early adolescence. Preventive strategies targeting underage drinking should consider restrain marketing channels from certain advertising content (e.g., website). Financial support: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology to Chen, C.

Brain research bulletin, 2016

Anhedonia is an important but understudied element of a neuroadaptive model underlying vulnerabil... more Anhedonia is an important but understudied element of a neuroadaptive model underlying vulnerability to relapse in opioid dependence. Previous research using fMRI has shown reduced activation to pleasant stimuli in rostral prefrontal cortex among heroin-dependent patients in early recovery. This study evaluated the presence of anhedonia among recently withdrawn prescription opiate dependent patients (PODP) in residential treatment compared to control subjects. Anhedonia was assessed using self-report, affect-modulated startle response (AMSR), and a cue reactivity task during which participant's rostral prefrontal cortex (RPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) was monitored with functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The cue reactivity task included three distinct categories of natural reward stimuli: highly palatable food, positive social situations, and intimate (non-erotic) interactions. PODP reported greater anhedonia on self-report (Snaith-Hamilton Pleasur...

Addictive Behaviors, 2021

BACKGROUND A sense of meaningfulness is an important initial indicator of the successful treatmen... more BACKGROUND A sense of meaningfulness is an important initial indicator of the successful treatment of addiction, and supports the larger recovery process. Most studies address meaningfulness as a static trait, and do not assess the extent to which meaningfulness might vary within an individual, or how it may vary in response to daily life events such as social experiences. METHODS Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to: 1) examine the amount of within-person variability in meaningfulness among patients in residential treatment for prescription opioid use disorder; 2) determine whether that variability was related to positive or negative social experiences on a daily basis; and 3) assess whether those day-to-day relationships were related to relapse at four months post-treatment. Participants (N = 73, 77% male, Mage = 30.10, Range = 19-61) completed smartphone-based assessments four times per day for 12 days. Associations among social experiences, meaningfulness, and relapse were examined using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Between-person variability accounted for 52% (95% CI = 0.35, 0.67) of variance in end-of-day meaningfulness. End-of-day meaningfulness was higher on days when participants reported more positive social experiences (β = 1.17, SE = 0.33, p < .05, ΔR2 = 0.041). On average, participants who relapsed within four months post-residential treatment exhibited greater within-day reactivity to negative social experiences (β = -1.89, SE = 0.88, p < .05, ΔR2 = 0.024) during treatment than participants who remained abstinent. CONCLUSION Individual differences in maintaining meaningfulness day by day when faced with negative social experiences may contribute to the risk of relapse in the early months following residential treatment.

In the last decade, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) has been introduced as a new neu... more In the last decade, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIR) has been introduced as a new neuroimaging modality with which to conduct functional brain imaging studies [1]‐[24]. fNIR technology uses specific wavelengths of light, irradiated through the scalp, to enable the noninvasive measurement of changes in the relative ratios of deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) and oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) during brain activity. This technology allows the design of portable, safe, affordable, noninvasive, and minimally intrusive monitoring systems. These qualities make fNIR suitable for the study of hemodynamic changes due to cognitive and emotional brain activity under many working and educational conditions, as well as in the field. Functional imaging is typically conducted in an effort to understand the activity in a given brain region in terms of its relationship to a particular behavioral state or its interactions with inputs from another region’s activity. The program of researc...

Background: Craving is a dynamic state that is both theoretically and empirically linked to relap... more Background: Craving is a dynamic state that is both theoretically and empirically linked to relapse in addiction. Static measures cannot adequately capture the dynamic nature of craving, and research has shown that these measures are limited in their capacity to link craving to treatment outcomes. Methods: The current study reports on assessments of craving collected 4x-day across 12 days from 73 patients in residential treatment for opioid dependence. Analyses investigated whether the within-person assessments yielded expected across- and within-day variability, whether levels of craving changed across and within days, and, finally, whether individual differences in craving variability predicted post-residential treatment relapse. Results: Preliminary analyses found acceptable levels of data entry compliance and reliability. Consistent with expectations, craving varied both between (46%) and within persons, with most within-person variance (over 40%) existing within days. Other pat...

The objective of this study was to examine a sample (n = 55) of filicidal mothers to compare thos... more The objective of this study was to examine a sample (n = 55) of filicidal mothers to compare those with and without psychotic symptoms at the time of the filicide. Clinical data were gathered through retrospective chart review of filicidal women referred for criminal responsibility/competence to stand trial evaluations from 1974 to 1996 at Michigan's Center for Forensic Psychiatry. Most (52.7%) women had psychotic symptoms at the time of filicide. Women with psychosis were more likely than those without to have a history of substance abuse; to have past and ongoing psychiatric treatment; and to be older, unemployed, more educated, and divorced or separated. They were less likely to be first time mothers or to have had prior contact with Children's Protective Services. The psychotic mothers more often confessed, attempted suicide at the time of the filicide, used weapons, killed multiple children, and expressed homicidal thoughts and/or concerns about their children to psychi...

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors