Sean Goodison - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sean Goodison

COVID-19) has infected millions of Americans, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths and di... more COVID-19) has infected millions of Americans, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths and disrupting all facets of life. The criminal justice system has not escaped this disruption unscathed. As the central component in the criminal justice process-and a Constitutional check on the power of police-the court system is critical to ensure that the rights of both victims of crime and the accused are upheld. These rights, such as the right to a speedy and public trial enshrined in the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, have met one of their most serious challenges in public health directives that call for limiting the closeness and number of people who interact. Courts have struggled to meet their obligations

This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND... more This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

The Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) is conducting a project that would examine the costs a... more The Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) is conducting a project that would examine the costs and benefits of body-worn cameras (BWC). While the up-front cost of this technology per officer is relatively low, data storage and other "back-end" costs can be substantial. President Obama recently asked Congress to provide funding to help local governments purchase cameras, but any federal funding will be partial at best, so local governments will need assistance in estimating the long-term costs and benefits of this technology. The study we propose will determine if the use of BWCs reduces the amount of money departments pay out to settle civil suits, and whether any such savings offset the cost of fielding and maintaining cameras. Interim reports will summarize findings on BWC policies and practices from the national survey and preliminary cost benefit results, and final results will be available within 21 months. BWCs hold the promise of transforming the level of trust bet...

With digital devices becoming ubiquitous, digital evidence is increasingly important to the inves... more With digital devices becoming ubiquitous, digital evidence is increasingly important to the investigation and prosecution of many types of crimes. This report describes results of a research effort to identify and prioritize criminal justice needs related to digital evidence collection, management, analysis, and use.

PurposeThe study aims to examine the effect of detective experience on the likelihood of clearing... more PurposeThe study aims to examine the effect of detective experience on the likelihood of clearing a homicide, while controlling for additional extralegal and case/investigative characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses homicide and policing data collected from case files in a mid-sized US city. Detective experience is measured in multiple ways. Analytical models include extralegal variables, case characteristics, and proxies of investigative quality as controls. The study uses logistic regression with a dichotomous clearance outcome.FindingsThe results suggest a robust and significant inverse relationship between the years spent as a homicide detective and the likelihood of case closure. However, years of experience with the department overall has a significant and positive relationship to clearance. Investigation-related variables and case characteristics contribute more to model explanatory power than extralegal factors.Originality/valueThe potential role of exper...

The development and advancement of wearable sensor technology (WST) offers opportunities for indi... more The development and advancement of wearable sensor technology (WST) offers opportunities for individuals to gain better insight into their own health and wellness by tracking various types of biomarkers: physiological measures that can indicate physical condition (e.g., blood pressure, body temperature) or physical activity (e.g., steps taken, perspiration, heart rate over time). In addition to personal use, corporate use of WST is viewed as a means to improve and facilitate better organizational decisionmaking, especially through health and wellness programs. Although many law enforcement officers might personally use various types of WST, agencies generally have not yet taken advantage of the technology to inform operational decisionmaking. On September 18 and 19, 2019, a workshop was convened at the offices of the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) in Washington, D.C., to examine the potential benefits of WSTs for improving individual officer safety, health, and wellness in law enforcement. This workshop was convened on behalf of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) by PERF and the RAND Corporation. The intent of this workshop was to examine the current and near-term (i.e., in the next five years) state of portable WSTs, such as wrist bands, chest straps, and smart textiles, for collecting and analyzing officers' health-related biomarkers (as opposed to environmental sensors, such as air quality or noise) to inform operational decisionmaking. The goal was to assess what opportunities (e.g., outcomes associated with tracking to improve officer health) can be realized using these devices and what potential pitfalls (e.g., outcomes associated with invasion of officer privacy) should be avoided. This effort is one of many from a multiyear collaborative project, the Priority Criminal Justice Needs Initiative, to inform the research agenda of NIJ by developing expert-identified technology and policy needs on issues affecting the criminal justice system. Workshop participants were led through semi-structured discussions on three topics: (1) the current state of WST; (2) the intersection of WST and law enforcement interests, both for the RESULTS Policy adoption • Officers should be educated about the multiple uses and purposes of WST.

Practitioner-researcher relationships. Panelists called for improved relationships while conducti... more Practitioner-researcher relationships. Panelists called for improved relationships while conducting research and for improvements to make research results easy to find and use.

The panel was structured to reflect four top-level questions: 1. What are the core public safety ... more The panel was structured to reflect four top-level questions: 1. What are the core public safety applications for VA/SF? 2. What are the specific VA/SF tasks needed to carry out those applications? 3. What security, privacy, and civil rights protections are needed? 4. What technology, policy, and educational needs for innovation are most important to address? The panel specified four key business cases for employing VA/SF in public safety, summarized in Figure S.1. The panelists collectively noted that the use of VA/SF to detect crimes and major incidents potentially in progress (accidents, fires) was the highest priority business case. An example comment was that "we want to stop [crime] from happening, not investigate it later." The panel also identified a core set of technical functions for supporting the business cases and needs for core bodies of research on recognizing objects and events in images, video, and other sensor feeds; developing computational infrastructures; and providing a range of security, privacy, and civil rights protections. The body of this report provides detailed lists of common objects and behaviors that VA/SF systems should be able to detect, along with a list of common security, privacy, and civil rights protections that should be integrated into VA/SF implementations. The panel generated 22 high-priority needs for innovation to enhance the effectiveness and security of VA/SF for law enforcement. These 22 needs, combined with discussion about the business cases and enabling research at the workshop, inform creation of an investment roadmap that describes necessary investments and whether they are near-or long-term investments. Table S.1 summarizes the resulting investment roadmap. In general, the panel found that VA/SF were extremely promising technologies for improving public safety. The capability to detect crimes or major incidents was seen as potentially very valuable for society. The panel also said that VA/SF could be of great benefit in investigating crimes and incidents, could provide major time-savers through automatic reporting, and could support performance mon-• There are 22 high-priority needs for innovation to enhance the effectiveness and security of video analytics and sensor fusion (VA/SF) for law enforcement. • VA/SF could be of great benefit in investigating crimes and incidents. • VA/SF could support law enforcement by monitoring officer performance and protecting officers' health and safety. • The risks of VA/SF technologies are significant, with security, privacy, and civil rights protections needed if these technologies are not to be misused or abused. • While VA/SF technologies are indeed promising for supporting public safety, they have a long way to go before reaching their full potential.

This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND... more This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

While some empirical studies have been done on body worn cameras (BWCs), the range of studied out... more While some empirical studies have been done on body worn cameras (BWCs), the range of studied outcomes is limited. Evaluations in both Rialto, CA and Mesa, AZ focused on citizen complaints and use of force, while previous work by PERF addressed recommended best practices for program implementation. This project builds on the previous research by assessing how the use of BWCs affects citizen perceptions of voluntary and involuntary interactions with the police. Through a 6-month randomized controlled trial featuring surveys with people who have had a recent police encounter and data collection from records in Arlington, TX, we will produce clear evidence-based findings regarding how BWCs may impact citizen satisfaction with police encounters and larger community policing goals. This is especially critical given the rapid push for law enforcement to adopt BWCs in the wake of recent controversies about police use of force.

This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND... more This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.