Sean O'Connor - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sean O'Connor
Paediatric anaesthesia, Jan 5, 2016
Propofol and remifentanil can be combined to deliver total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Propofo... more Propofol and remifentanil can be combined to deliver total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Propofol and remifentanil are sometimes mixed in the same syringe. Since remifentanil is a solution and propofol is an emulsion, we hypothesized that they would separate over time when mixed in the same syringe. Nine 60-ml polypropylene syringes were prepared as follows: Group A: 1.25 ml of remifentanil solution (1 mg·ml(-1) ) was added to 48.75 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml(-1) ) in three syringes. Group B: 2.5 ml of remifentanil (1 mg·ml(-1) ) was added to 47.5 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml(-1) ) in three syringes. Group C: 5 ml of remifentanil (1 mg·ml(-1) ) was added to 45 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml(-1) ) in three syringes. The remifentanil lyophilized powder was reconstituted with sterile water and added to the propofol by injection through the port on the bottom of the syringe. The syringe was then inverted five times in succession to mix the drugs. The syringes were mounted in an upright vertical po...
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011
BackgroundOver the past 10 years the methodologies and technology of recording professional rugby... more BackgroundOver the past 10 years the methodologies and technology of recording professional rugby union game data has greatly improved with global positioning system (GPS) now the gold standard.ObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the physical demands of the game at an international rugby union level using a GPS and establish the potential of the system in providing
A typical water distribution system includes a network of steel and concrete pipelines. Concrete ... more A typical water distribution system includes a network of steel and concrete pipelines. Concrete segmental pipelines are particularly vulnerable to damage by ground rupture. Ground displacements may produce significant bending in the pipelines, in addition to shear and net tension or compression. A full-scale experiment was performed on a buried segmental concrete pipeline subjected to the ground rupture. The pipeline was buried under a layer of sand in a test tank with length of about 13.4 m. A dense array of sensors including potentiometers, strain gauges, load cells, acoustic emission sensors, magnetic sensors, and tape gauges were installed along the length of the pipeline to measure the pipeline response to ground displacements. Permanent displacement was induced by movement of one portion of the test basin. The test was static in nature, and it was to simulate the fault displacement rather than earthquake shaking. Deformation of the pipeline and damage were monitored during th...
Computing in Civil Engineering, 2013
BMC research notes, Jan 6, 2015
Assessing methodological quality of primary studies is an essential component of systematic revie... more Assessing methodological quality of primary studies is an essential component of systematic reviews. Following a systematic review which used a domain based system [United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF)] to assess methodological quality, a commonly used numerical rating scale (Downs and Black) was also used to evaluate the included studies and comparisons were made between quality ratings assigned using the two different methods. Both tools were used to assess the 20 randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials examining an exercise intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain which were included in the review. Inter-rater reliability and levels of agreement were determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Influence of quality on pooled effect size was examined by calculating the between group standardized mean difference (SMD). Inter-rater reliability indicated at least substantial levels of agreement for the USPSTF system (ICC 0.85; 95% CI 0...
Earth and Space 2012, 2012
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2015
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are artificially engineered receptors that confer a desired spe... more Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are artificially engineered receptors that confer a desired specificity to immune effector T cells. As an HIV-1-specific CAR, CD4ζ CAR has been extensively tested in vitro as well as in clinical trials. T cells modified with this CAR mediated highly potent anti-HIV-1 activities in vitro and were well-tolerated in vivo, but exerted limited effects on viral load and reservoir size due to poor survival and/or functionality of the transduced cells in patients. We hypothesize that ectopic expression of CD4ζ on CD8(+) T cells renders them susceptible to HIV-1 infection, resulting in poor survival of those cells. To test this possibility, highly purified CD8(+) T cells were genetically modified with a CD4ζ-encoding lentiviral vector and infected with HIV-1. CD8(+) T cells were vulnerable to HIV-1 infection upon expression of CD4ζ as evidenced by elevated levels of p24(Gag) in cells and culture supernatants. Concurrently, the number of CD4ζ-modified CD8(+) T cells was reduced relative to control cells upon HIV-1 infection. To protect these cells from HIV-1 infection, we co-expressed two anti-HIV-1 shRNAs previously developed by our group together with CD4ζ. This combination vector was able to suppress HIV-1 infection without impairing HIV-1-dependent effector activities of CD4ζ. In addition, the number of CD4ζ-modified CD8(+) T cells maintained similar levels to that of the control even under HIV-1 infection. These results suggest that protecting CD4ζ-modified CD8(+) T cells from HIV-1 infection is required for prolonged HIV-1-specific immune surveillance.
Biological Psychiatry, 2015
The main neurobiological theories of the development of addiction, including tolerance, sensitiza... more The main neurobiological theories of the development of addiction, including tolerance, sensitization, incentive-sensitization, and allostasis, have not been tested in longitudinal human alcohol response research. To address this issue, we conducted the first controlled prospective investigation of subjective and neuroendocrine responses to alcohol measured over a 5-year interval in at-risk young adult heavy drinkers (HD) and light drinker control subjects. Participants were 156 individuals, 86 heavy drinkers and 70 light drinkers, undergoing an initial oral alcohol challenge testing (.8 g/kg alcohol versus placebo) and an identical re-examination testing 5 to 6 years later. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms and drinking behaviors were assessed in the interim follow-up period. At re-examination, HD continued to exhibit higher sensitivity on alcohol's stimulating and rewarding effects with lower sensitivity to sedative effects and cortisol reactivity, relative to light drinkers. In HD with high AUD symptom trajectories over follow-up, heightened alcohol stimulation and reward persisted at re-examination. HD with low AUD symptoms showed reduced alcohol stimulation over time and lower reward throughout compared with the HD with high and intermediate AUD symptoms. Results support the early stage phase of the allostasis model, with persistently heightened reward sensitivity and stimulation in heavy drinkers exhibiting AUD progression in early mid-adulthood. While there are multiple pathways to development of a disorder as complex as AUD, maintenance of alcohol stimulatory and rewarding effects may play an important role in the continuation and progression of alcohol addiction.
The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2004
ABSTRACT
Psychopharm Review, 2009
ABSTRACT An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as HTML full text and PDF.
Pipelines 2011, 2011
This paper describes a simple soil-structure interaction model of a buried segmented concrete pip... more This paper describes a simple soil-structure interaction model of a buried segmented concrete pipeline that can be used for indirect health monitoring during Permanent Ground Deformation (PGD). Buried pipelines are difficult to inspect visually, and thus accurate health monitoring systems can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of repair efforts immediately following an earthquake. A Winkler pipeline model is developed for indirect health monitoring that incorporates the two primary modes of failure observed in pipeline experiments, namely telescoping and rotation at the joints. Very approximate estimates of the model parameters are made, and the model results are compared to experimental results. In general the model captures both the magnitude and patterns of joint deformation. However, the model yields axial forces that are two orders of magnitude higher than the measured values. This suggests that the first order approximation of the joint as an elastic beam is inaccurate. Structural 766 Pipelines 2011: A Sound Conduit for Sharing Solutions © ASCE 2011
Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2006
Researchers studying alcohol absorption and metabolism in humans have been aided by the alcohol c... more Researchers studying alcohol absorption and metabolism in humans have been aided by the alcohol clamp method, in which alcohol is administered intravenously, allowing study participants to achieve and maintain a target breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) for an extended period of time. This tool minimizes the variability in BrACs that occurs after alcohol consumption by administering alcohol at a dose and rate that is computed for each person individually. The alcohol clamp can be used to evaluate several influences on alcohol elimination, including gender, ethnicity, genetic variations in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, and food consumption.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006
The understanding of drinking patterns leading to alcoholism has been hindered by an inability to... more The understanding of drinking patterns leading to alcoholism has been hindered by an inability to unobtrusively measure ethanol consumption over periods of weeks to months in the community environment. Signal processing for an implantable ethanol MEMS bio sensor under simultaneous development is described where the sensor-signal processing system will provide a novel approach to this need. For safety and user acceptability issues, the sensor will be implanted subcutaneously and therefore measure peripheral-tissue ethanol concentration. A statistical signal processing system based on detailed models of the physiology and using extended Kalman filtering and dynamic programming tools is described which determines ethanol consumption and kinetics in other compartments from the time course of peripheral-tissue ethanol concentration.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to describe the distribution a... more Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to describe the distribution and elimination characteristics of intravenous ethanol administration. Further, these models have been used to estimate the ethanol infusion profile required to prescribe a specific breath ethanol concentration time course in a specific human being, providing a platform upon which other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations are based. In these PBPK models, the equivalence of two different peripheral tissue models are shown and issues concerning the mass flow into the liver in comparison with ethanol metabolism in the liver are explained.
Journal of athletic training
Despite recent increases in the volume of research in professional rugby union, there is little c... more Despite recent increases in the volume of research in professional rugby union, there is little consensus on the epidemiology of injury in adolescent players. We undertook a systematic review to determine the incidence, severity, and nature of injury in adolescent rugby union players. In April 2009, we performed a computerized literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (via Ovid). Population-specific and patient-specific search terms were combined in the form of MEDLINE subject headings and key words (wound$ and injur$, rugby, adolescent$). These were supplemented with related-citation searches on PubMed and bibliographic tracking of primary and review articles. Prospective epidemiologic studies in adolescent rugby union players. A total of 15 studies were included, and the data were analyzed descriptively. Two independent reviewers extracted key study characteristics regarding the incidence, severity, and nature of injuries and the methodologic des...
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, 2013
This review focuses on 27 studies employing experimental alcohol self-administration (ASA) in hum... more This review focuses on 27 studies employing experimental alcohol self-administration (ASA) in humans which were published between 1989 and 2010. Twelve studies enrolling healthy, non-dependent social drinkers (HSD) were aimed at evaluating physiological and behavioral determinants of alcohol-induced reward or modeling situations of increased risk to develop alcohol use disorders. The remaining 15 studies tested the effect of medications such as naltrexone, nalmefene, nicotine, mecamylamine, varenicline, gabapentin, aripiprazole, and rimonabant on ASA. The participants were either HSD or non-treatment-seeking alcoholics (NTSA). In 25 of these studies, the subjects ingested alcohol orally and reached a mean peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) during baseline conditions between 43 and 47 mg% (0.043-0.047%). Two recent studies employed computer-assisted self-infusion of ethanol (CASE), where subjects press a button to request multiple sequential alcohol exposures intravenously instea...
![Research paper thumbnail of Genome-Wide Functional and Stress Response Profiling Reveals Toxic Mechanism and Genes Required for Tolerance to Benzo[a]pyrene in S. cerevisiae](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49769034/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Frontiers in genetics, 2012
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous, potent, and complete carcinogen resulting from incomplete o... more Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous, potent, and complete carcinogen resulting from incomplete organic combustion. BaP can form DNA adducts but other mechanisms may play a role in toxicity. We used a functional toxicology approach in S. cerevisiae to assess the genetic requirements for cellular resistance to BaP. In addition, we examined translational activities of key genes involved in various stress response pathways. We identified multiple genes and processes involved in modulating BaP toxicity in yeast which support DNA damage as a primary mechanism of toxicity, but also identify other potential toxicity pathways. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that DNA damage and repair as well as redox homeostasis and oxidative stress are key processes in cellular response to BaP suggesting a similar mode of action of BaP in yeast and mammals. Interestingly, toxicant export is also implicated as a potential novel modulator of cellular susceptibility. In particular, we identified ...
Paediatric anaesthesia, Jan 5, 2016
Propofol and remifentanil can be combined to deliver total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Propofo... more Propofol and remifentanil can be combined to deliver total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Propofol and remifentanil are sometimes mixed in the same syringe. Since remifentanil is a solution and propofol is an emulsion, we hypothesized that they would separate over time when mixed in the same syringe. Nine 60-ml polypropylene syringes were prepared as follows: Group A: 1.25 ml of remifentanil solution (1 mg·ml(-1) ) was added to 48.75 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml(-1) ) in three syringes. Group B: 2.5 ml of remifentanil (1 mg·ml(-1) ) was added to 47.5 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml(-1) ) in three syringes. Group C: 5 ml of remifentanil (1 mg·ml(-1) ) was added to 45 ml of propofol (10 mg·ml(-1) ) in three syringes. The remifentanil lyophilized powder was reconstituted with sterile water and added to the propofol by injection through the port on the bottom of the syringe. The syringe was then inverted five times in succession to mix the drugs. The syringes were mounted in an upright vertical po...
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2011
BackgroundOver the past 10 years the methodologies and technology of recording professional rugby... more BackgroundOver the past 10 years the methodologies and technology of recording professional rugby union game data has greatly improved with global positioning system (GPS) now the gold standard.ObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the physical demands of the game at an international rugby union level using a GPS and establish the potential of the system in providing
A typical water distribution system includes a network of steel and concrete pipelines. Concrete ... more A typical water distribution system includes a network of steel and concrete pipelines. Concrete segmental pipelines are particularly vulnerable to damage by ground rupture. Ground displacements may produce significant bending in the pipelines, in addition to shear and net tension or compression. A full-scale experiment was performed on a buried segmental concrete pipeline subjected to the ground rupture. The pipeline was buried under a layer of sand in a test tank with length of about 13.4 m. A dense array of sensors including potentiometers, strain gauges, load cells, acoustic emission sensors, magnetic sensors, and tape gauges were installed along the length of the pipeline to measure the pipeline response to ground displacements. Permanent displacement was induced by movement of one portion of the test basin. The test was static in nature, and it was to simulate the fault displacement rather than earthquake shaking. Deformation of the pipeline and damage were monitored during th...
Computing in Civil Engineering, 2013
BMC research notes, Jan 6, 2015
Assessing methodological quality of primary studies is an essential component of systematic revie... more Assessing methodological quality of primary studies is an essential component of systematic reviews. Following a systematic review which used a domain based system [United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF)] to assess methodological quality, a commonly used numerical rating scale (Downs and Black) was also used to evaluate the included studies and comparisons were made between quality ratings assigned using the two different methods. Both tools were used to assess the 20 randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials examining an exercise intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain which were included in the review. Inter-rater reliability and levels of agreement were determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Influence of quality on pooled effect size was examined by calculating the between group standardized mean difference (SMD). Inter-rater reliability indicated at least substantial levels of agreement for the USPSTF system (ICC 0.85; 95% CI 0...
Earth and Space 2012, 2012
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2015
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are artificially engineered receptors that confer a desired spe... more Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are artificially engineered receptors that confer a desired specificity to immune effector T cells. As an HIV-1-specific CAR, CD4ζ CAR has been extensively tested in vitro as well as in clinical trials. T cells modified with this CAR mediated highly potent anti-HIV-1 activities in vitro and were well-tolerated in vivo, but exerted limited effects on viral load and reservoir size due to poor survival and/or functionality of the transduced cells in patients. We hypothesize that ectopic expression of CD4ζ on CD8(+) T cells renders them susceptible to HIV-1 infection, resulting in poor survival of those cells. To test this possibility, highly purified CD8(+) T cells were genetically modified with a CD4ζ-encoding lentiviral vector and infected with HIV-1. CD8(+) T cells were vulnerable to HIV-1 infection upon expression of CD4ζ as evidenced by elevated levels of p24(Gag) in cells and culture supernatants. Concurrently, the number of CD4ζ-modified CD8(+) T cells was reduced relative to control cells upon HIV-1 infection. To protect these cells from HIV-1 infection, we co-expressed two anti-HIV-1 shRNAs previously developed by our group together with CD4ζ. This combination vector was able to suppress HIV-1 infection without impairing HIV-1-dependent effector activities of CD4ζ. In addition, the number of CD4ζ-modified CD8(+) T cells maintained similar levels to that of the control even under HIV-1 infection. These results suggest that protecting CD4ζ-modified CD8(+) T cells from HIV-1 infection is required for prolonged HIV-1-specific immune surveillance.
Biological Psychiatry, 2015
The main neurobiological theories of the development of addiction, including tolerance, sensitiza... more The main neurobiological theories of the development of addiction, including tolerance, sensitization, incentive-sensitization, and allostasis, have not been tested in longitudinal human alcohol response research. To address this issue, we conducted the first controlled prospective investigation of subjective and neuroendocrine responses to alcohol measured over a 5-year interval in at-risk young adult heavy drinkers (HD) and light drinker control subjects. Participants were 156 individuals, 86 heavy drinkers and 70 light drinkers, undergoing an initial oral alcohol challenge testing (.8 g/kg alcohol versus placebo) and an identical re-examination testing 5 to 6 years later. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms and drinking behaviors were assessed in the interim follow-up period. At re-examination, HD continued to exhibit higher sensitivity on alcohol's stimulating and rewarding effects with lower sensitivity to sedative effects and cortisol reactivity, relative to light drinkers. In HD with high AUD symptom trajectories over follow-up, heightened alcohol stimulation and reward persisted at re-examination. HD with low AUD symptoms showed reduced alcohol stimulation over time and lower reward throughout compared with the HD with high and intermediate AUD symptoms. Results support the early stage phase of the allostasis model, with persistently heightened reward sensitivity and stimulation in heavy drinkers exhibiting AUD progression in early mid-adulthood. While there are multiple pathways to development of a disorder as complex as AUD, maintenance of alcohol stimulatory and rewarding effects may play an important role in the continuation and progression of alcohol addiction.
The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2004
ABSTRACT
Psychopharm Review, 2009
ABSTRACT An abstract is unavailable. This article is available as HTML full text and PDF.
Pipelines 2011, 2011
This paper describes a simple soil-structure interaction model of a buried segmented concrete pip... more This paper describes a simple soil-structure interaction model of a buried segmented concrete pipeline that can be used for indirect health monitoring during Permanent Ground Deformation (PGD). Buried pipelines are difficult to inspect visually, and thus accurate health monitoring systems can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of repair efforts immediately following an earthquake. A Winkler pipeline model is developed for indirect health monitoring that incorporates the two primary modes of failure observed in pipeline experiments, namely telescoping and rotation at the joints. Very approximate estimates of the model parameters are made, and the model results are compared to experimental results. In general the model captures both the magnitude and patterns of joint deformation. However, the model yields axial forces that are two orders of magnitude higher than the measured values. This suggests that the first order approximation of the joint as an elastic beam is inaccurate. Structural 766 Pipelines 2011: A Sound Conduit for Sharing Solutions © ASCE 2011
Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2006
Researchers studying alcohol absorption and metabolism in humans have been aided by the alcohol c... more Researchers studying alcohol absorption and metabolism in humans have been aided by the alcohol clamp method, in which alcohol is administered intravenously, allowing study participants to achieve and maintain a target breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) for an extended period of time. This tool minimizes the variability in BrACs that occurs after alcohol consumption by administering alcohol at a dose and rate that is computed for each person individually. The alcohol clamp can be used to evaluate several influences on alcohol elimination, including gender, ethnicity, genetic variations in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, and food consumption.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006
The understanding of drinking patterns leading to alcoholism has been hindered by an inability to... more The understanding of drinking patterns leading to alcoholism has been hindered by an inability to unobtrusively measure ethanol consumption over periods of weeks to months in the community environment. Signal processing for an implantable ethanol MEMS bio sensor under simultaneous development is described where the sensor-signal processing system will provide a novel approach to this need. For safety and user acceptability issues, the sensor will be implanted subcutaneously and therefore measure peripheral-tissue ethanol concentration. A statistical signal processing system based on detailed models of the physiology and using extended Kalman filtering and dynamic programming tools is described which determines ethanol consumption and kinetics in other compartments from the time course of peripheral-tissue ethanol concentration.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to describe the distribution a... more Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been used to describe the distribution and elimination characteristics of intravenous ethanol administration. Further, these models have been used to estimate the ethanol infusion profile required to prescribe a specific breath ethanol concentration time course in a specific human being, providing a platform upon which other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations are based. In these PBPK models, the equivalence of two different peripheral tissue models are shown and issues concerning the mass flow into the liver in comparison with ethanol metabolism in the liver are explained.
Journal of athletic training
Despite recent increases in the volume of research in professional rugby union, there is little c... more Despite recent increases in the volume of research in professional rugby union, there is little consensus on the epidemiology of injury in adolescent players. We undertook a systematic review to determine the incidence, severity, and nature of injury in adolescent rugby union players. In April 2009, we performed a computerized literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (via Ovid). Population-specific and patient-specific search terms were combined in the form of MEDLINE subject headings and key words (wound$ and injur$, rugby, adolescent$). These were supplemented with related-citation searches on PubMed and bibliographic tracking of primary and review articles. Prospective epidemiologic studies in adolescent rugby union players. A total of 15 studies were included, and the data were analyzed descriptively. Two independent reviewers extracted key study characteristics regarding the incidence, severity, and nature of injuries and the methodologic des...
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences, 2013
This review focuses on 27 studies employing experimental alcohol self-administration (ASA) in hum... more This review focuses on 27 studies employing experimental alcohol self-administration (ASA) in humans which were published between 1989 and 2010. Twelve studies enrolling healthy, non-dependent social drinkers (HSD) were aimed at evaluating physiological and behavioral determinants of alcohol-induced reward or modeling situations of increased risk to develop alcohol use disorders. The remaining 15 studies tested the effect of medications such as naltrexone, nalmefene, nicotine, mecamylamine, varenicline, gabapentin, aripiprazole, and rimonabant on ASA. The participants were either HSD or non-treatment-seeking alcoholics (NTSA). In 25 of these studies, the subjects ingested alcohol orally and reached a mean peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) during baseline conditions between 43 and 47 mg% (0.043-0.047%). Two recent studies employed computer-assisted self-infusion of ethanol (CASE), where subjects press a button to request multiple sequential alcohol exposures intravenously instea...
Frontiers in genetics, 2012
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous, potent, and complete carcinogen resulting from incomplete o... more Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous, potent, and complete carcinogen resulting from incomplete organic combustion. BaP can form DNA adducts but other mechanisms may play a role in toxicity. We used a functional toxicology approach in S. cerevisiae to assess the genetic requirements for cellular resistance to BaP. In addition, we examined translational activities of key genes involved in various stress response pathways. We identified multiple genes and processes involved in modulating BaP toxicity in yeast which support DNA damage as a primary mechanism of toxicity, but also identify other potential toxicity pathways. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that DNA damage and repair as well as redox homeostasis and oxidative stress are key processes in cellular response to BaP suggesting a similar mode of action of BaP in yeast and mammals. Interestingly, toxicant export is also implicated as a potential novel modulator of cellular susceptibility. In particular, we identified ...