Seema Afroze - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Seema Afroze
Indian Journal of Nephrology, 2022
Background: Swellings of thyroid gland are common in most parts of the world, including countries... more Background: Swellings of thyroid gland are common in most parts of the world, including countries like India where iodine deficiency is endemic. Its prevalence ranges from 4% to 10% in the general adult population and from 0.2% to 1.2% in children, affecting females more commonly than males. Aim and objective: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions, to categorize thyroid lesions as per the Bethesda system, to correlate cytomorphology with histopathology, to determine the accuracy of FNAC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in comparison with histopathology in the diagnosis of a thyroid lesions. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study undertaken over a period of one and half years from. FNAC was performed with 26 gauge needle; smears were fixed in ether-95% alcohol solution and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Different types of excised thyroid specimens rece...
Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi ... more Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi which was once believed to be a sporozoan and then was included in phycomycetes, and now included under Mesomycetozoa. It is one of the common tropical diseases, most commonly affecting the mucosa of upper respiratory tract, chiefly the nose and nasopharynx. Other sites such as conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and subcutaneous tissue may also get infected. It presents as polypoidal mass. Aim and objective: To study incidence, age and gender distribution and clinicopathological features of Rhinosporidiosis. The resected tissue specimens were subjected to routine processing, cutting; staining and histopathological features were studied with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results: Nasal cavity was most commonly involved site, excepting in one case, where sub-glottis was involved. Males were predominantly affected i.e. 17 (85%) cases, whereas 3 (15%) cases were reported in females. Age range was b...
Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal ... more Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal tract, which is anatomically and embryologically distinct from the nasopharynx. Aim and objectives: To understand the variable clinical presentations of three unusual cases in the sinonasal tract, to study the histomorphology and analyze the pitfalls in their diagnosis, to study the differential diagnosis and review the literature. Materials and methods: Unusual presentations of three cases were encountered during the period from October 2016 to July 2017 in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. Excised specimens of all the three cases were received and subjected to routine processing, cutting, staining and histopathological features were analyzed. Special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were done for confirmation of final diagnosis. Results: Case 1 was Rosai Dorfman Disease, Case 2 was Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and Case 3 was Invasive Aspergillosis. Conclusion: Rosai Dorfman Disease has to be differentiated from lymphoproliferative and other histiocytic disorders while the benign inflammatory pattern of Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma is invariably mistaken for an inflammatory process. Aspergillosis mimics as a neoplastic lesion, by its expansile invasive nature. Thus an inflammatory lesion may be mistaken for neoplastic growth and vice versa which can lead to erroneous diagnosis, improper therapy and poor outcome.
Atypical teratoid/ rhabdoidtumour (ATRT) is a highly malignant neoplasm primarily affecting infan... more Atypical teratoid/ rhabdoidtumour (ATRT) is a highly malignant neoplasm primarily affecting infants and young children. The majority of tumoursin the Central nervous system(CNS), approximately two-third arise in the posterior fossa. The histologic spectrum of AT/RT overlaps significantly with other forms of CNS neoplasms. The term "malignant rhabdoid tumor" was first used in reference to rare pediatric renal tumors. Neoplasms with such rhabdoid features have subsequently been identified in other locations, including the CNS with specific immunohistochemical and ultra structural features and consequently it has been called ATRT. On diagnostic imaging the tumor is most often diagnosed as medulloblastoma. The most common differential diagnosis are PNET and malignant glioma. Treatment planning depends on correct pathological diagnosis on squash cytology. FNAC or frozen section which acts as a primary method of diagnosis during intraoperative procedurelater confirmed on histopa...
Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are very rare in children and adolescents. We reported here 1... more Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are very rare in children and adolescents. We reported here 11 cases of paediatric salivary gland tumors in a study conducted from July 2015 to June 2017 at Government ENT Hospital, Koti, Hyderabad, Telangana, a tertiary care center. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and histopathological features of salivary gland tumours in paediatric age group (children and adolescents). Materials and methods: A total of 11 cases of salivary gland tumors encountered in paediatric age group (0-18 years) were studied and analyzed for age, gender, site predilection and for histopathological types. Results: Parotid and submandibular glands were the main site of tumor occurrence (8/11 in parotid gland, 2/11 in submandibular gland and 1/11 arising in minor salivary glands of hard palate). 4 cases were benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma) and 7 were malignant tumors (constituted by 6 cases of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas and a single case ...
Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal ... more Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal tract, which is anatomically and embryologically distinct from the nasopharynx. Aim and objectives: To understand the variable clinical presentations of three unusual cases in the sinonasal tract, to study the histomorphology and analyze the pitfalls in their diagnosis, to study the differential diagnosis and review the literature. Materials and methods: Unusual presentations of three cases were encountered during the period from October 2016 to July 2017 in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. Excised specimens of all the three cases were received and subjected to routine processing, cutting, staining and histopathological features were analyzed. Special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were done for confirmation of final diagnosis. Results: Case 1 was Rosai Dorfman Disease, Case 2 was Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and Case 3 was Invasive As...
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (PNET) are extremely rare compared to their exocrine counterpar... more Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (PNET) are extremely rare compared to their exocrine counterparts accounting for approximately 1% of all primary pancreatic tumours. They may be functional or non-functional depending upon the secretion of hormones. The diagnostic grading and prognostic criteria for PNET's have been controversial in surgical pathology and clinical medicine. Most PNET's are sporadic however some of them may occur as part of familial tumors (inherited), such as multiple endocrine neoplasms Type 1 (MEN 1 syndrome) , von hippel-lindau syndrome (VHL), neurofibromatosis Type I (nf-I) and tuberous sclerosis. We present a case of 65yr old male who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. CT revealed a mass in the uncinate process of pancreas. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed with a clinical diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm. Histopathological diagnosis of PNET was made. The PNET presents usually with non specific symptoms and has a low incidence,...
Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi ... more Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi which was once believed to be a sporozoan and then was included in phycomycetes, and now included under Mesomycetozoa. It is one of the common tropical diseases, most commonly affecting the mucosa of upper respiratory tract, chiefly the nose and nasopharynx. Other sites such as conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and subcutaneous tissue may also get infected. It presents as polypoidal mass. Aim and objective: To study incidence, age and gender distribution and clinicopathological features of Rhinosporidiosis. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 20 cases was undertaken over a period of 5 years (July 2012 to June 2017) in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. The resected tissue specimens were subjected to routine processing, cutting; staining and histopathological features were studied with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results: Nasal cavity was most commonl...
Indian Journal of Nephrology, 2022
Background: Swellings of thyroid gland are common in most parts of the world, including countries... more Background: Swellings of thyroid gland are common in most parts of the world, including countries like India where iodine deficiency is endemic. Its prevalence ranges from 4% to 10% in the general adult population and from 0.2% to 1.2% in children, affecting females more commonly than males. Aim and objective: To evaluate diagnostic accuracy of Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesions, to categorize thyroid lesions as per the Bethesda system, to correlate cytomorphology with histopathology, to determine the accuracy of FNAC in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value in comparison with histopathology in the diagnosis of a thyroid lesions. Materials and methods: It was a retrospective study undertaken over a period of one and half years from. FNAC was performed with 26 gauge needle; smears were fixed in ether-95% alcohol solution and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Different types of excised thyroid specimens rece...
Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi ... more Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi which was once believed to be a sporozoan and then was included in phycomycetes, and now included under Mesomycetozoa. It is one of the common tropical diseases, most commonly affecting the mucosa of upper respiratory tract, chiefly the nose and nasopharynx. Other sites such as conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and subcutaneous tissue may also get infected. It presents as polypoidal mass. Aim and objective: To study incidence, age and gender distribution and clinicopathological features of Rhinosporidiosis. The resected tissue specimens were subjected to routine processing, cutting; staining and histopathological features were studied with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results: Nasal cavity was most commonly involved site, excepting in one case, where sub-glottis was involved. Males were predominantly affected i.e. 17 (85%) cases, whereas 3 (15%) cases were reported in females. Age range was b...
Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal ... more Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal tract, which is anatomically and embryologically distinct from the nasopharynx. Aim and objectives: To understand the variable clinical presentations of three unusual cases in the sinonasal tract, to study the histomorphology and analyze the pitfalls in their diagnosis, to study the differential diagnosis and review the literature. Materials and methods: Unusual presentations of three cases were encountered during the period from October 2016 to July 2017 in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. Excised specimens of all the three cases were received and subjected to routine processing, cutting, staining and histopathological features were analyzed. Special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were done for confirmation of final diagnosis. Results: Case 1 was Rosai Dorfman Disease, Case 2 was Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and Case 3 was Invasive Aspergillosis. Conclusion: Rosai Dorfman Disease has to be differentiated from lymphoproliferative and other histiocytic disorders while the benign inflammatory pattern of Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma is invariably mistaken for an inflammatory process. Aspergillosis mimics as a neoplastic lesion, by its expansile invasive nature. Thus an inflammatory lesion may be mistaken for neoplastic growth and vice versa which can lead to erroneous diagnosis, improper therapy and poor outcome.
Atypical teratoid/ rhabdoidtumour (ATRT) is a highly malignant neoplasm primarily affecting infan... more Atypical teratoid/ rhabdoidtumour (ATRT) is a highly malignant neoplasm primarily affecting infants and young children. The majority of tumoursin the Central nervous system(CNS), approximately two-third arise in the posterior fossa. The histologic spectrum of AT/RT overlaps significantly with other forms of CNS neoplasms. The term "malignant rhabdoid tumor" was first used in reference to rare pediatric renal tumors. Neoplasms with such rhabdoid features have subsequently been identified in other locations, including the CNS with specific immunohistochemical and ultra structural features and consequently it has been called ATRT. On diagnostic imaging the tumor is most often diagnosed as medulloblastoma. The most common differential diagnosis are PNET and malignant glioma. Treatment planning depends on correct pathological diagnosis on squash cytology. FNAC or frozen section which acts as a primary method of diagnosis during intraoperative procedurelater confirmed on histopa...
Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are very rare in children and adolescents. We reported here 1... more Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are very rare in children and adolescents. We reported here 11 cases of paediatric salivary gland tumors in a study conducted from July 2015 to June 2017 at Government ENT Hospital, Koti, Hyderabad, Telangana, a tertiary care center. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical and histopathological features of salivary gland tumours in paediatric age group (children and adolescents). Materials and methods: A total of 11 cases of salivary gland tumors encountered in paediatric age group (0-18 years) were studied and analyzed for age, gender, site predilection and for histopathological types. Results: Parotid and submandibular glands were the main site of tumor occurrence (8/11 in parotid gland, 2/11 in submandibular gland and 1/11 arising in minor salivary glands of hard palate). 4 cases were benign tumors (pleomorphic adenoma) and 7 were malignant tumors (constituted by 6 cases of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas and a single case ...
Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal ... more Background: The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are collectively referred to as the sinonasal tract, which is anatomically and embryologically distinct from the nasopharynx. Aim and objectives: To understand the variable clinical presentations of three unusual cases in the sinonasal tract, to study the histomorphology and analyze the pitfalls in their diagnosis, to study the differential diagnosis and review the literature. Materials and methods: Unusual presentations of three cases were encountered during the period from October 2016 to July 2017 in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. Excised specimens of all the three cases were received and subjected to routine processing, cutting, staining and histopathological features were analyzed. Special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains were done for confirmation of final diagnosis. Results: Case 1 was Rosai Dorfman Disease, Case 2 was Botryoid Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and Case 3 was Invasive As...
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (PNET) are extremely rare compared to their exocrine counterpar... more Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (PNET) are extremely rare compared to their exocrine counterparts accounting for approximately 1% of all primary pancreatic tumours. They may be functional or non-functional depending upon the secretion of hormones. The diagnostic grading and prognostic criteria for PNET's have been controversial in surgical pathology and clinical medicine. Most PNET's are sporadic however some of them may occur as part of familial tumors (inherited), such as multiple endocrine neoplasms Type 1 (MEN 1 syndrome) , von hippel-lindau syndrome (VHL), neurofibromatosis Type I (nf-I) and tuberous sclerosis. We present a case of 65yr old male who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss. CT revealed a mass in the uncinate process of pancreas. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed with a clinical diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm. Histopathological diagnosis of PNET was made. The PNET presents usually with non specific symptoms and has a low incidence,...
Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi ... more Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi which was once believed to be a sporozoan and then was included in phycomycetes, and now included under Mesomycetozoa. It is one of the common tropical diseases, most commonly affecting the mucosa of upper respiratory tract, chiefly the nose and nasopharynx. Other sites such as conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and subcutaneous tissue may also get infected. It presents as polypoidal mass. Aim and objective: To study incidence, age and gender distribution and clinicopathological features of Rhinosporidiosis. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 20 cases was undertaken over a period of 5 years (July 2012 to June 2017) in the Department of Pathology, Government ENT Hospital, Hyderabad. The resected tissue specimens were subjected to routine processing, cutting; staining and histopathological features were studied with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Results: Nasal cavity was most commonl...