Sercan Akyalçin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Sercan Akyalçin

Research paper thumbnail of Surface analysis of study models generated from OrthoCAD and cone-beam computed tomography imaging

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the accuracy of digital models genera... more Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the accuracy of digital models generated by conebeam computed tomography and compare it with that of OrthoCAD models (Cadent, Carlstadt, NJ) for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning by using surface area analysis. Materials: Two sets of maxillary and mandibular digital models of 30 subjects were obtained. The models were made from impressions scanned with OrthoCAD and by conversion of related cone-beam computed tomography files. Each patient's matched pairs of maxillary and mandibular models were superimposed by using a software program and a best-fit algorithm; surface-to-surface analysis was then performed. The average linear differences between the 2 files at all points on the surfaces were measured, and tolerance levels of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mm were set to determine the surface correlation amounts between the 2 files. Additionally, 6 linear measurements from predetermined landmarks were also measured and analyzed. Results: The average maxillary model linear difference was 0.28 to 0.60 mm, whereas the average mandibular model linear difference ranged between 0.34 and 0.61 mm. Greater than a 90% surface correlation was obtained on average at 1.00 mm in the maxillary models and at 1.25 mm in the mandibular models. The mean differences obtained from the linear measurements of the maxillary and mandibular models were 0.071 and 0.018 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Surface-to-surface analysis of OrthoCAD and digital models generated by cone-beam computed tomography pointed to a fair overlap between the protocols. The accuracy of digital models generated by cone-beam computed tomography is adequate for initial diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:686-93)

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of repeated sterilization cycles on primary stability of orthodontic mini-screws

The Angle Orthodontist, 2012

Objective: To determine if repeated sterilization has deleterious effects on the clinical stabili... more Objective: To determine if repeated sterilization has deleterious effects on the clinical stability of mini-screws.

Research paper thumbnail of A cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of buccal bone thickness following maxillary expansion

Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment effects of the Carrière distalizer using lingual arch and full fixed appliances

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists, 2014

Background: This study evaluated the treatment effects of the Carrière Distalizer used with eithe... more Background: This study evaluated the treatment effects of the Carrière Distalizer used with either full fixed appliances (FA group) or lower lingual arches (LLA group). Methods: Cephalometric radiographs from 41 orthodontic patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion before and after use of the Carrière Distalizer were investigated. Eligible individuals possessed a normal maxilla, retrognathic mandible, normal growth pattern, permanent dentition, minimal crowding with well-aligned dental arches, and at least an end-on Class II molar relationship bilaterally. Two matched groups were formed according to sagittal and vertical skeletal characteristics. Full fixed appliances and a lower lingual arch supported Class II elastic use in the FA (n ¼ 19) and LLA (n ¼ 22) groups, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the treatment changes between the two groups. The differences between the study groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The maxillary molar was distalized between 1.6 and 2.5 mm, with the mean amount of molar tipping not exceeding 3.7 in the study sample. No significant differences were observed between the study groups with regard to molar distalization and tipping. Significant reductions in both the Wits and over-jet measurements were observed in both groups (all, P < 0.05 vs. baseline). Significant differences in over bite and mesial movement of both the mandibular molar and the incisors were observed between the two study groups (all, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Successful correction of Class II malocclusion was achieved with the Carrière Distalizer appliance in both groups, with minimal molar tipping. However, adverse effects common with Class II elastics accompanied the correction at variable rates in the groups.

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement of skin dose from cone-beam computed tomography imaging

Head & Face Medicine, 2013

Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner... more Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners using point-dosimeters.

Research paper thumbnail of Does hyrax expansion therapy affect maxillary sinus volume? A cone-beam computed tomography report

Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of Cone-beam CT Generated Cephalometric Radiographs for ABO Analysis

Objective: To determine the accuracy of cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT images for ... more Objective: To determine the accuracy of cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT images for submission to the American Board of Orthodontics examination. Methods: Sixty human skulls were used for data collection. Each skull was exposed to four separate full field images taken on the Kodak 9300 cone-beam CT (CBCT) unit. CBCT images were taken on three different settings, 90 kVp/4 mA, 90 kVp/10 mA, and 60 kVp/4 mA, followed by a standard one second cephalometric radiograph on the same unit. Cephalometric radiographs were then generated from the CBCT images and all the cephalograms were subsequently traced using ABO measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated with two-way random effect model for all the components of ABO analysis between the standard cephalometric and CBCT-generated cephalometric radiographs. Result: Cephalometric radiographs generated from the CBCT scans taken on the default setting (90 kVp/4 mA) and lowest radiation setting (60 kVp/4...

Research paper thumbnail of Smile esthetics: analysis of American Board of Orthodontics cases

Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in treated ca... more Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in treated cases, which were successful upon the submission to American Board Orthodontics (ABO) clinical examination. Method: A total of 462 successful ABO cases were examined. 90 subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized digital smile photographs of the subjects were rated by 30 panel members including orthodontists, general dentists and parents of orthodontic patients using a numeric version of the visual analog scale (VAS). Three groups were formed using the mean esthetic score ± SD range: unattractive (n = 21), average (n = 47), and attractive (n = 22) smiles. Eleven smile characteristics were digitally measured on the photographs and were compared between the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Additionally, regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the smile characteristics with the esthetic score. Resul...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic Accuracy of Various 3D Digital Model Systems

Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) digital models should offer high accuracy when compared to ston... more Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) digital models should offer high accuracy when compared to stone models. However, differences in the generation of digital study models and the related proprietary algorithms may account for some variability. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D digital models generated by various protocols as compared to physical stone models that have long been the gold standard in orthodontic treatment planning. Method: Three sets of maxillary and mandibular digital models were obtained from 26 individuals in permanent dentition with emodel system (GeoDigm Corporation, Chanhassen, MN), by scanning their stone models with a 3D laser scanner (Motionview Software, LLC, Hixson, TN), and by converting their CBCT files with Anatomage InvivoTM software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA) to produce digital dental models in STL file format. Bolton and Tooth-size arch-length analyses were performed using the digital and stone models. Oneway ANO...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Sterilization on Stability of Anodized and Non-Anodized Mini-Screws

Objective: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the clinical st... more Objective: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the clinical stability of anodized versus non-anodized mini-screws. Method: Thirty anodized and thirty non-anodized Aarhus System mini-screws (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI) were divided into six test groups of ten units each. One group of ten anodized mini-screws and one group of ten non-anodized mini-screws were sterilized once using a steam autoclave to serve as the control group. The first test group of ten anodized and ten non-anodized mini-screws were cycled five times in the autoclave. The second test group of similar makeup was sterilized ten times. All sixty mini-screws were inserted at a 90° angle into custom-designed synthetic blocks that simulated the average mandible of a healthy adult. The maximum insertion torque and the lateral displacement at 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mm were recorded for each sample and subjected to statistical testing. A two-way ANOVA, and a three-w...

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement Of Skin Dose From CBCT Scans For Orthodontic Imaging

Objective: To directly measure skin dose using point-dosimeters from three dental cone-beam CT (C... more Objective: To directly measure skin dose using point-dosimeters from three dental cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanners, and to compare the results with those from a conventional panoramic and cephalometric x-ray imaging system. Method: A head anthropomorphic phantom was used with nanoDOT optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters (Landauer Corp., Glenwood, IL) attached to various anatomic landmarks of selected radiosensitive tissues of interest. The phantom was scanned under various modes of operation and scan protocols for typical orthodontic exams on three dental CBCT systems plus a conventional dental x-ray imaging system. The nanoDOT dosimeters were calibrated for each of the head phantom scan protocols, and specifically for each of the imaging systems. Peak skin dose and surface doses at the eye lens, thyroid, submandibular and parotid gland levels were measured. Result: The measured skin doses ranged from 0.09 to 4.62 mGy depending on dosimeter positions and imaging systems. T...

Research paper thumbnail of Shear bond strengths of a selenium containing and a conventional light cured adhesive for orthodontic bonding

Texas dental journal, 2011

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the debonding strength and mode of failure of a sel... more The objectives of this study were to evaluate the debonding strength and mode of failure of a selenium containing adhesive compared to an established orthodontic adhesive. One hundred sixty bovine mandibular incisors were allocated to eight groups: steel and clear brackets were bonded with either selenium containing adhesive (Group 1: SeLect Defense) or a conventional light-cured adhesive (Group 2:Transbond XT) to measure debond strength and the adhesive remnant index was used to assess the location of bond failure. Data was evaluated using a three-way analysis of variance and Fisher's PLSD multiple comparisons test for mean debond strengths. Group 2 debond strengths were greater than that of Group 1 with the steel and clear brackets. Group 1 debond strengths were greater with clear than with steel brackets at both time points. Both adhesives demonstrated increased debond strengths from zero to 24 hours and the clear brackets exhibited a greater ARI than steel after debonding. C...

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of smile esthetics in American Board of Orthodontic patients

The Angle Orthodontist, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Is there a difference between the primary stability of anodized and non-anodized mini-screws subjected to repeated cycles of autoclave sterilization?

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 2014

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the c... more ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the clinical stability of anodized versus non-anodized mini-screws. Materials and Methods: Thirty anodized and thirty non-anodized Aarhus System mini-screws (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI) were utilized. Each group was divided into three test groups. In each group, miniscrews that were sterilized once using a steam autoclave (Statim 5000, SciCan USA, Canonsburg, Pa) served as the control group (n=10). The other two test groups involved mini-screws that were subjected to a repeated cycles of sterilization for five (n=10) and ten (n=10) times. All sixty mini-screws were inserted at a 90° angle into custom-designed synthetic blocks that simulated the average mandible of a healthy adult. The maximum insertion torque and the lateral displacement at 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mm were recorded for each sample and subjected to statistical testing. A two-way ANOVA, and a three-way mixed ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: Maximum insertion torque values displayed significant differences between the anodized and nonanodized groups (p&lt;0.001) as well as the sterilization cycles (p&lt;0.001). No significant group and cycle interaction was observed. No significant differences were found between the groups and sterilization cycles in the evaluation of the lateral displacement test. However, there was a significant group/cycle/displacement interaction (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Surface treatment of mini-screws with anodization produced differences when compared to standard surface mini-screws following autoclave sterilization. The differences between the two types of miniscrews did not indicate a potential stability concern.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of 3-dimensional dental models from different sources: Diagnostic accuracy and surface registration analysis

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and surface matching characteristics ... more The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and surface matching characteristics of 3-dimensional digital dental models obtained from various sources. Three sets of maxillary and mandibular digital models of 30 subjects were included in this study. Three-dimensional stereolithography model files were obtained from a 3-dimensional laser desktop scanner (Ortho-Insight 3D; Motionview Software, Hixson, Tenn), the emodel system (GeoDigm, Chanhassen, Minn), and cone-beam computerized tomography. Arch-length discrepancy measurements were made on the 3-dimensional digital models and compared with direct caliper measurements. Additionally, stereolithography files from the 3 digital model systems were paired and superimposed using a best-fit algorithm. Average linear differences between the stereolithography shells were computed together with surface correlation amounts at various tolerance levels. Data were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients and the Tukey mean difference test. Although all 3 digital model groups displayed good correlation with caliper measurements, the virtual scan models had the highest correlation with the manual method (ICC &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.95). The Tukey mean difference test showed no consistent bias of one approach vs the others compared with caliper measurements; random errors were detected in all the comparisons. For the estimation of arch-length discrepancy, the mean bias of the scanned virtual models in comparison with caliper measurements (0.24 ± 0.67 mm) was smaller than the mean biases of the emodels and the models generated from cone-beam computed tomography. Additionally, the best surface overlap correlation was observed between the virtual scanned models and the emodels. The mean linear distances between the stereolithography shells of these 2 model systems were 0.14 and 0.13 mm for the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. All 3 digital model systems can provide diagnostic information similar to caliper measurements, with varying degrees of agreement limits. The scanned virtual models had the least mean bias. A strong surface match correlation was observed between the virtual scanned models and the emodels, indicating that these could be used interchangeably.

Research paper thumbnail of Assesment of Image Quality in Maxillofacial CBCT Imaging

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic accuracy of impression-free digital models

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2013

Impression-free techniques might eliminate the potential shortcomings of digital dental models. C... more Impression-free techniques might eliminate the potential shortcomings of digital dental models. Chairside scanners offer the advantage of obtaining digital dental models directly from the patient without the need for dental impressions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3-dimensional digital models acquired from a chairside intraoral scanner compared with both manual and cone-beam computed tomography measurements of the same dental anatomy. The study sample comprised 60 dry skulls. Each skull had the maxillary and mandibular arches scanned with a Cadent iTero scanner (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif) and had a cone-beam computed tomography scan taken with a CS 9300 unit (Carestream Health, Atlanta, Ga). Linear measurements in all 3 dimensions of the space in each dental arch together with tooth-size arch-length analysis for both the maxillary and mandibular arches were carried out manually on the dry skulls with calipers and digitally on the scanned 3-dimensional models and cone-beam computed tomography images. Intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis was performed for all variables tested in the study groups, with the manual measurements on the dry skulls as the gold standard. The Bland-Altman analysis was also applied to the data to graphically display the agreement of the diagnostic measurements obtained from these methods. Measurements from the iTero models demonstrated near-perfect agreement (ICC, 0.91-0.99) with the caliper measurements. Cone-beam computed tomography measurements had moderate to high levels of agreement (ICC, 0.65-0.99) compared with the caliper measurements. Direct digital acquisition of the dental arches with a chairside scanner provided almost 1-to-1 diagnostic information of the investigated anatomy and was superior to the cone-beam computed tomography measurements.

Research paper thumbnail of SU-E-I-06: Measurement of Skin Dose from Dental Cone-Beam CT Scans

Medical Physics, 2012

Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner... more Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners using point-dosimeters.

Research paper thumbnail of Surface analysis of study models generated from OrthoCAD and cone-beam computed tomography imaging

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2012

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the accuracy of digital models genera... more Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the accuracy of digital models generated by conebeam computed tomography and compare it with that of OrthoCAD models (Cadent, Carlstadt, NJ) for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning by using surface area analysis. Materials: Two sets of maxillary and mandibular digital models of 30 subjects were obtained. The models were made from impressions scanned with OrthoCAD and by conversion of related cone-beam computed tomography files. Each patient's matched pairs of maxillary and mandibular models were superimposed by using a software program and a best-fit algorithm; surface-to-surface analysis was then performed. The average linear differences between the 2 files at all points on the surfaces were measured, and tolerance levels of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mm were set to determine the surface correlation amounts between the 2 files. Additionally, 6 linear measurements from predetermined landmarks were also measured and analyzed. Results: The average maxillary model linear difference was 0.28 to 0.60 mm, whereas the average mandibular model linear difference ranged between 0.34 and 0.61 mm. Greater than a 90% surface correlation was obtained on average at 1.00 mm in the maxillary models and at 1.25 mm in the mandibular models. The mean differences obtained from the linear measurements of the maxillary and mandibular models were 0.071 and 0.018 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Surface-to-surface analysis of OrthoCAD and digital models generated by cone-beam computed tomography pointed to a fair overlap between the protocols. The accuracy of digital models generated by cone-beam computed tomography is adequate for initial diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:686-93)

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of repeated sterilization cycles on primary stability of orthodontic mini-screws

The Angle Orthodontist, 2012

Objective: To determine if repeated sterilization has deleterious effects on the clinical stabili... more Objective: To determine if repeated sterilization has deleterious effects on the clinical stability of mini-screws.

Research paper thumbnail of A cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of buccal bone thickness following maxillary expansion

Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Treatment effects of the Carrière distalizer using lingual arch and full fixed appliances

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists, 2014

Background: This study evaluated the treatment effects of the Carrière Distalizer used with eithe... more Background: This study evaluated the treatment effects of the Carrière Distalizer used with either full fixed appliances (FA group) or lower lingual arches (LLA group). Methods: Cephalometric radiographs from 41 orthodontic patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion before and after use of the Carrière Distalizer were investigated. Eligible individuals possessed a normal maxilla, retrognathic mandible, normal growth pattern, permanent dentition, minimal crowding with well-aligned dental arches, and at least an end-on Class II molar relationship bilaterally. Two matched groups were formed according to sagittal and vertical skeletal characteristics. Full fixed appliances and a lower lingual arch supported Class II elastic use in the FA (n ¼ 19) and LLA (n ¼ 22) groups, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the treatment changes between the two groups. The differences between the study groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The maxillary molar was distalized between 1.6 and 2.5 mm, with the mean amount of molar tipping not exceeding 3.7 in the study sample. No significant differences were observed between the study groups with regard to molar distalization and tipping. Significant reductions in both the Wits and over-jet measurements were observed in both groups (all, P < 0.05 vs. baseline). Significant differences in over bite and mesial movement of both the mandibular molar and the incisors were observed between the two study groups (all, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Successful correction of Class II malocclusion was achieved with the Carrière Distalizer appliance in both groups, with minimal molar tipping. However, adverse effects common with Class II elastics accompanied the correction at variable rates in the groups.

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement of skin dose from cone-beam computed tomography imaging

Head & Face Medicine, 2013

Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner... more Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners using point-dosimeters.

Research paper thumbnail of Does hyrax expansion therapy affect maxillary sinus volume? A cone-beam computed tomography report

Imaging Science in Dentistry, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of Cone-beam CT Generated Cephalometric Radiographs for ABO Analysis

Objective: To determine the accuracy of cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT images for ... more Objective: To determine the accuracy of cephalometric radiographs generated from CBCT images for submission to the American Board of Orthodontics examination. Methods: Sixty human skulls were used for data collection. Each skull was exposed to four separate full field images taken on the Kodak 9300 cone-beam CT (CBCT) unit. CBCT images were taken on three different settings, 90 kVp/4 mA, 90 kVp/10 mA, and 60 kVp/4 mA, followed by a standard one second cephalometric radiograph on the same unit. Cephalometric radiographs were then generated from the CBCT images and all the cephalograms were subsequently traced using ABO measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated with two-way random effect model for all the components of ABO analysis between the standard cephalometric and CBCT-generated cephalometric radiographs. Result: Cephalometric radiographs generated from the CBCT scans taken on the default setting (90 kVp/4 mA) and lowest radiation setting (60 kVp/4...

Research paper thumbnail of Smile esthetics: analysis of American Board of Orthodontics cases

Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in treated ca... more Objective: To investigate the common denominators of an esthetically pleasing smile in treated cases, which were successful upon the submission to American Board Orthodontics (ABO) clinical examination. Method: A total of 462 successful ABO cases were examined. 90 subjects that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized digital smile photographs of the subjects were rated by 30 panel members including orthodontists, general dentists and parents of orthodontic patients using a numeric version of the visual analog scale (VAS). Three groups were formed using the mean esthetic score ± SD range: unattractive (n = 21), average (n = 47), and attractive (n = 22) smiles. Eleven smile characteristics were digitally measured on the photographs and were compared between the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Additionally, regression analyses were used to investigate the association of the smile characteristics with the esthetic score. Resul...

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic Accuracy of Various 3D Digital Model Systems

Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) digital models should offer high accuracy when compared to ston... more Objective: Three-dimensional (3D) digital models should offer high accuracy when compared to stone models. However, differences in the generation of digital study models and the related proprietary algorithms may account for some variability. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D digital models generated by various protocols as compared to physical stone models that have long been the gold standard in orthodontic treatment planning. Method: Three sets of maxillary and mandibular digital models were obtained from 26 individuals in permanent dentition with emodel system (GeoDigm Corporation, Chanhassen, MN), by scanning their stone models with a 3D laser scanner (Motionview Software, LLC, Hixson, TN), and by converting their CBCT files with Anatomage InvivoTM software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA) to produce digital dental models in STL file format. Bolton and Tooth-size arch-length analyses were performed using the digital and stone models. Oneway ANO...

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of Sterilization on Stability of Anodized and Non-Anodized Mini-Screws

Objective: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the clinical st... more Objective: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the clinical stability of anodized versus non-anodized mini-screws. Method: Thirty anodized and thirty non-anodized Aarhus System mini-screws (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI) were divided into six test groups of ten units each. One group of ten anodized mini-screws and one group of ten non-anodized mini-screws were sterilized once using a steam autoclave to serve as the control group. The first test group of ten anodized and ten non-anodized mini-screws were cycled five times in the autoclave. The second test group of similar makeup was sterilized ten times. All sixty mini-screws were inserted at a 90° angle into custom-designed synthetic blocks that simulated the average mandible of a healthy adult. The maximum insertion torque and the lateral displacement at 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mm were recorded for each sample and subjected to statistical testing. A two-way ANOVA, and a three-w...

Research paper thumbnail of Measurement Of Skin Dose From CBCT Scans For Orthodontic Imaging

Objective: To directly measure skin dose using point-dosimeters from three dental cone-beam CT (C... more Objective: To directly measure skin dose using point-dosimeters from three dental cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanners, and to compare the results with those from a conventional panoramic and cephalometric x-ray imaging system. Method: A head anthropomorphic phantom was used with nanoDOT optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters (Landauer Corp., Glenwood, IL) attached to various anatomic landmarks of selected radiosensitive tissues of interest. The phantom was scanned under various modes of operation and scan protocols for typical orthodontic exams on three dental CBCT systems plus a conventional dental x-ray imaging system. The nanoDOT dosimeters were calibrated for each of the head phantom scan protocols, and specifically for each of the imaging systems. Peak skin dose and surface doses at the eye lens, thyroid, submandibular and parotid gland levels were measured. Result: The measured skin doses ranged from 0.09 to 4.62 mGy depending on dosimeter positions and imaging systems. T...

Research paper thumbnail of Shear bond strengths of a selenium containing and a conventional light cured adhesive for orthodontic bonding

Texas dental journal, 2011

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the debonding strength and mode of failure of a sel... more The objectives of this study were to evaluate the debonding strength and mode of failure of a selenium containing adhesive compared to an established orthodontic adhesive. One hundred sixty bovine mandibular incisors were allocated to eight groups: steel and clear brackets were bonded with either selenium containing adhesive (Group 1: SeLect Defense) or a conventional light-cured adhesive (Group 2:Transbond XT) to measure debond strength and the adhesive remnant index was used to assess the location of bond failure. Data was evaluated using a three-way analysis of variance and Fisher's PLSD multiple comparisons test for mean debond strengths. Group 2 debond strengths were greater than that of Group 1 with the steel and clear brackets. Group 1 debond strengths were greater with clear than with steel brackets at both time points. Both adhesives demonstrated increased debond strengths from zero to 24 hours and the clear brackets exhibited a greater ARI than steel after debonding. C...

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of smile esthetics in American Board of Orthodontic patients

The Angle Orthodontist, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Is there a difference between the primary stability of anodized and non-anodized mini-screws subjected to repeated cycles of autoclave sterilization?

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 2014

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the c... more ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine if autoclave sterilization has any deleterious effects on the clinical stability of anodized versus non-anodized mini-screws. Materials and Methods: Thirty anodized and thirty non-anodized Aarhus System mini-screws (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, WI) were utilized. Each group was divided into three test groups. In each group, miniscrews that were sterilized once using a steam autoclave (Statim 5000, SciCan USA, Canonsburg, Pa) served as the control group (n=10). The other two test groups involved mini-screws that were subjected to a repeated cycles of sterilization for five (n=10) and ten (n=10) times. All sixty mini-screws were inserted at a 90° angle into custom-designed synthetic blocks that simulated the average mandible of a healthy adult. The maximum insertion torque and the lateral displacement at 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mm were recorded for each sample and subjected to statistical testing. A two-way ANOVA, and a three-way mixed ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: Maximum insertion torque values displayed significant differences between the anodized and nonanodized groups (p&lt;0.001) as well as the sterilization cycles (p&lt;0.001). No significant group and cycle interaction was observed. No significant differences were found between the groups and sterilization cycles in the evaluation of the lateral displacement test. However, there was a significant group/cycle/displacement interaction (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Surface treatment of mini-screws with anodization produced differences when compared to standard surface mini-screws following autoclave sterilization. The differences between the two types of miniscrews did not indicate a potential stability concern.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of 3-dimensional dental models from different sources: Diagnostic accuracy and surface registration analysis

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and surface matching characteristics ... more The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and surface matching characteristics of 3-dimensional digital dental models obtained from various sources. Three sets of maxillary and mandibular digital models of 30 subjects were included in this study. Three-dimensional stereolithography model files were obtained from a 3-dimensional laser desktop scanner (Ortho-Insight 3D; Motionview Software, Hixson, Tenn), the emodel system (GeoDigm, Chanhassen, Minn), and cone-beam computerized tomography. Arch-length discrepancy measurements were made on the 3-dimensional digital models and compared with direct caliper measurements. Additionally, stereolithography files from the 3 digital model systems were paired and superimposed using a best-fit algorithm. Average linear differences between the stereolithography shells were computed together with surface correlation amounts at various tolerance levels. Data were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients and the Tukey mean difference test. Although all 3 digital model groups displayed good correlation with caliper measurements, the virtual scan models had the highest correlation with the manual method (ICC &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.95). The Tukey mean difference test showed no consistent bias of one approach vs the others compared with caliper measurements; random errors were detected in all the comparisons. For the estimation of arch-length discrepancy, the mean bias of the scanned virtual models in comparison with caliper measurements (0.24 ± 0.67 mm) was smaller than the mean biases of the emodels and the models generated from cone-beam computed tomography. Additionally, the best surface overlap correlation was observed between the virtual scanned models and the emodels. The mean linear distances between the stereolithography shells of these 2 model systems were 0.14 and 0.13 mm for the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. All 3 digital model systems can provide diagnostic information similar to caliper measurements, with varying degrees of agreement limits. The scanned virtual models had the least mean bias. A strong surface match correlation was observed between the virtual scanned models and the emodels, indicating that these could be used interchangeably.

Research paper thumbnail of Assesment of Image Quality in Maxillofacial CBCT Imaging

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostic accuracy of impression-free digital models

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2013

Impression-free techniques might eliminate the potential shortcomings of digital dental models. C... more Impression-free techniques might eliminate the potential shortcomings of digital dental models. Chairside scanners offer the advantage of obtaining digital dental models directly from the patient without the need for dental impressions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3-dimensional digital models acquired from a chairside intraoral scanner compared with both manual and cone-beam computed tomography measurements of the same dental anatomy. The study sample comprised 60 dry skulls. Each skull had the maxillary and mandibular arches scanned with a Cadent iTero scanner (Align Technology, San Jose, Calif) and had a cone-beam computed tomography scan taken with a CS 9300 unit (Carestream Health, Atlanta, Ga). Linear measurements in all 3 dimensions of the space in each dental arch together with tooth-size arch-length analysis for both the maxillary and mandibular arches were carried out manually on the dry skulls with calipers and digitally on the scanned 3-dimensional models and cone-beam computed tomography images. Intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis was performed for all variables tested in the study groups, with the manual measurements on the dry skulls as the gold standard. The Bland-Altman analysis was also applied to the data to graphically display the agreement of the diagnostic measurements obtained from these methods. Measurements from the iTero models demonstrated near-perfect agreement (ICC, 0.91-0.99) with the caliper measurements. Cone-beam computed tomography measurements had moderate to high levels of agreement (ICC, 0.65-0.99) compared with the caliper measurements. Direct digital acquisition of the dental arches with a chairside scanner provided almost 1-to-1 diagnostic information of the investigated anatomy and was superior to the cone-beam computed tomography measurements.

Research paper thumbnail of SU-E-I-06: Measurement of Skin Dose from Dental Cone-Beam CT Scans

Medical Physics, 2012

Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner... more Objective: To measure surface skin dose from various cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners using point-dosimeters.