Eugenia Serova - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Eugenia Serova

Russian Peasant Studies

случайно, и случаю этому премного благодарна. Ведь я из сугубо городской семьи, москвичка в четве... more случайно, и случаю этому премного благодарна. Ведь я из сугубо городской семьи, москвичка в четвертом поколении, окончила экономический факультет МГУ по специальности «экономическая кибернетика». После физматшколы поступила на кибернетику, потому что математику всегда любила, а физику не очень, а это как раз математика без физики. Мое первое знакомство с аграрной тематикой случилось, когда писала кандидатскую, я занималась планированием инфраструктуры на примере картофельного комплекса Чувашии. Но даже тогда все это очень было простенько, никакое сельское хозяйстве в будущем не маячило. А. М. НИКУЛИН: Чему была посвящена Ваша кандидатская? Е. В. СЕРОВА: Инфраструктура, инфраструктурные региональные программы и так далее. В основе была прежде всего математическая идея, которую я еще на 4-м курсе в курсовой работе нащупала, потом в дипломе развивала. Тема там все-таки была методологическая. Момент окончания аспирантуры попал на один из тех несчастных годов, когда у нас шло сокращение кадров ИТР. Советский Союз-страна «победившего пролетариата», а когда пролетариа

Vestnik Sel'skokhozyaĭstvennoĭ Nauki (Moskva), 1990

Voprosy Economiki, 1998

ABSTRACT Agricultural credit has always been a topic of special attention for the state. However,... more ABSTRACT Agricultural credit has always been a topic of special attention for the state. However, the situation becomes even more complex in transitional economies. In countries with primarily agrarian economic structures, the problem of credit in the first stages of reform effectively does not come up: agricultural producers buy an insignificant quantity of means of production, while the sale of their own products is oriented mainly toward local markets. Under these conditions, the need for lending for production turnover is not very great. Moreover, in the context of the centralized, planned economy, agriculture was indirectly taxed for the development of the industrial sector, and with the transition to a market economy, this tax, as a rule, is ceasing to be in effect. The resources that are left in the agrarian sector become an additional source of investments.

Экономика сельского хозяйства России, 2017

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imp... more The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO.

At the modern stage of the agrarian reforms the establishing of the appropriate institutes seems ... more At the modern stage of the agrarian reforms the establishing of the appropriate institutes seems to be the most important task in Russia. In order to describe the level of market institutes development in agriculture the sampled survey in three regions of Russia were implemented. In survey two groups of transactions on the farm level were addressed: transactions of production factors (land, labour, capital, purchased inputs) and transactions of farm output. Also the needs of farms in services and institutions were studied. The paper is devoted to the results of this study, which showed that market institutes development is lagging behind the farm restructuring and privatisation. The macroeconomic instability and governmental programmes impede the emerging of necessary institutes. After the rouble devaluation in 1998 the certain recovery in agro-food sector has become apparent; this also generated the acceleration of institutional changes in agriculture.

Over fifteen years have elapsed since the process of transition from the socialist system started... more Over fifteen years have elapsed since the process of transition from the socialist system started in the early 1990s. During this time, Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia have undergone profound structural change with wide variation in the amount of transformation in rural areas. In retrospect, it can be seen that the countries that chose to transform their socialized agriculture into a private-ownership and market-based system experienced the most positive economic performance. These countries in 2004 became members of the European Union, and left the classical stages of transition behind. Looking at the developments of the past one and a half decade, it is clear, however, that the initial expectations for the transformation in the bulk of the region were overly optimistic and the transition process in agriculture is far more complex than originally envisaged. It is widely recognized, for instance, that the importance of functioning institutions was underestimated at the o...

The Contemporary Russian Economy

Russian Journal of Economics, Mar 25, 2022

Agrarian reforms were an important constituent element of general economic reforms in all the pos... more Agrarian reforms were an important constituent element of general economic reforms in all the post-socialist countries. The major objective of agrarian change was the creation of a market-oriented sector. In the USSR and most Central and East European countries there was an additional wish to reduce the burden of state subsidies to the agri-food sector. In the process of reform, countries in transition have to undertake three tasks: to implement institutional changes in agriculture, to promote the emergence of market institutions and infrastructure, and to frame new agri-food policies to match those of a more pervasive market economy. The issues of land reform and farm restructuring can be taken first, with discussion of emerging markets following at a later stage. The processes of reform have been strongly dependent on whether the economic structure was predominantly agrarian or industrial (Wedekin, 1991; Zhou, 1996). Agrarian countries are characterized by a high share of agriculture in gross domestic product (GDP) and of rural population in total population, low levels of technology in agriculture, relatively low per capita food consumption and a correspondingly high share of food spending in the total incomes of households. Table 1 illustrates some of these features. The high level of taxation of agriculture in favour of industrialization has also been an important feature of the transition economies. In our sample, Albania, Romania and China represent the 'agrarian' economies, though there are others in transition within the broad group (including Vietnam) for whom comparable information is not available. Within the agrarian countries simple land distribution to households provided rapid growth both in output and in per capita consumption (for output growth, see Table 2). Indeed, low-level technologies in the collectivized farms did not allow much gain to be made from scale economies, but did create losses from weak labour motivation. Distribution of land to households normally did not harm technology, but markedly increased work incentives, leading to growth in output fairly soon after land distribution. China had growing gross