Faleh Setia Budi - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Faleh Setia Budi
TEKNIK, Oct 9, 2009
During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillatio... more During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillation process. It is predicted that this waste still contain oleoresin. Oleoresin is the mixture fixed oil (3-4 %), essential oil (1-3 %), resin etc. This research aims to find the most affecting variable and the optimum operation condition in the extraction processing oleoresin from ginger oil distillation waste. The research is planned to use the factorial design method 2 levels and 3 independent variables i.e.: temperature (30-60 o C), time (2-6 hours) and solvent volume (300/150-700/150) ml/gr the weight of ginger waste. The experiment quantities which must be carried out are 8 runs. The observed parameters are weight, density and refraction index. The three independent variables give positive effect/ increase the product and time is the most influential variables. Then the optimization process is carried out to get the optimum operation condition by varying the extraction time. The optimum operation condition of oleoresin extraction is 5.5 hours, temperature 60 o C and solvent volume 700ml/150 gr the weight of ginger waste. The number of oleoresin which can be obtained volume 4.1 ml, weight oleoresin 2.7 grams, density 0.67 grams/ml, and refraction index 1.4744. GCMS analysis shows that the zingeberence content is 14.91%.
Reaktor, Dec 3, 2009
Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antisepti... more Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antiseptis, pewangi/peningkatan cita rasa untuk menyegarkan bau sabun, deterjen, lotion, parfum, dan cream. Pengambilan minyak atsiri kayu manis pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi dengan pelarut n-heksana teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konstanta kesetimbangan ekstraksi kulit kayu manis serta mempelajari pengaruh diameter pengaduk dan kecepatan putar pengaduk terhadap nilai koefisien transfer massa dan juga nilai difusivitas efektifnya. Setiap 40 gram kayu manis yang telah dihaluskan dan diayak dengan ukuran tertentu diekstraksi dengan 200 ml n-heksana teknis pada labu leher tiga dengan pengaduk magnetik selama 150 menit pada suhu 55°C. Setiap 25 menit diambil cuplikan untuk dianalisa kadar minyaknya dengan cara penimbangan. Data-data konsentrasi solut dalam solven dari penelitian diolah lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan nilai K c dan D e dengan menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial parsial menggunakan metode Finite Difference Approximation cara implisit dan optimasi 2 peubah menggunakan minimasi Hooke-Jeeves. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah harga K c naik sebanding dengan kenaikan kecepatan putar pengaduk dan diameter pengaduk, sedangkan harga D e yang diperoleh relatif tetap, sehingga dapat diperoleh hubungan persamaan kelompok tak berdimensi Sh = 4,8136 x 10-3. R e 0,6716 dengan kesalahan relatif rara-rata 2,620%.
Food Research, Mar 21, 2021
Resistant starch has been well known to have beneficial health effects, mainly for digestive trac... more Resistant starch has been well known to have beneficial health effects, mainly for digestive tracts. Starch isolated from cassava showed characteristics required to produce resistant starch type 5 (RS5). In this study, we modified tapioca starch through the gelatinization process with the addition of palm oil, coconut oil, stearic acid and lauric acid with 3 treatments, i.e. concentration (1) 10%, (2) 20% and (3) 30%. The result of study showed that modification of starch can decrease starch digestibility, increase levels of resistant starch and lower amylose levels. The analysis using X-Ray diffraction, strearic acid 30% had the peak at 7.5°, 22° and 24°. Peak 7.5° was a amylose-lipid complex as RS5. The profile of starch gelatinization using Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) showed that the addition of fatty acid can decrease the value of breakdown, setback, and peak viscosity. These results indicates modification of tapioca starch with fatty acid (stearic acid or lauric acid) can form amylose-lipid complex (RS5).
Reaktor, Jun 12, 2017
Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia graduall... more Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia gradually increases and reaches 8.2 million tones. About two third of it is used to meet the domestic demand and the other is exported in crude. The value of it is low. If it is exported in crude, Indonesia will receive little income. Therefore, it must be converted into the other product, which has the high value. The main component of it is glyceride composed of glycerol and fatty acid. The glyceride can be converted into polyol (polyalcohol) which is the material in manufacturing polyurethane, cosmetic, lubricant etc. The process of converting of CPO into polyol is called the hydroxylation. This research aims to study the hydroxylation process of CPO into polyol and to optimize the variable which really affects the hydroxyl number of product. Based on the experiment, the optimum condition of hydroxylation of CPO with the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and the formic acid (HCOOH) into polyol is got as follows: temperature 50 o C, composition of reactant 40 %, and time 2 hours. The Polyol produced has the hydroxyl number 148.
The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the... more The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the material of polyurethane. Previously, it had to be converted into the polyol and then it was reacted with the Diphenyl Methane Diisocyanate (MDI). This research aimed to know the effect of MDI/polyol ratio and the quantity of the ethylene glycol on the compressive strength of polyurethane. The research was design by the Central Composite Design and the data was processed by the Response Surface Method. The calculation of data used the statistic 6. The choose variables as the independent variable were MDI/Polyol ratio (1, 2, and 3) and the quantity of ethylene glycol (10, 20, and 30 ml). The others were the fixed variable such as temperature (ambient), the quantity of catalyst (1 %) etc. The number of experiment which had to be done was 10 run. Based on the result of the data processing, the variable of MDI/Polyol ratio mostly affected the compressive strength of polyurethane. The optimal operation condition was achieved at MDI/Polyol ratio 1.82 and the quantity of ethylene glycol 25.177 ml. The produced polyurethane had the compressive strength 1,051.1 N/m 2 .
Sains Malaysiana, Mar 31, 2023
Different spices have been reported containing antimicrobial compounds that can prevent or reduce... more Different spices have been reported containing antimicrobial compounds that can prevent or reduce the microbiological spoilage or pathogenic bacteria in meat or poultry products with various results. This study evaluated the effect of essential oils and extracts of spices in reducing bacteria in meat/poultry products using a meta-analysis approach by comparing the Hedges'd effect size (standardized mean difference, SMD, and 95% confidence interval, CI). A total of 240 data, extracted from 10 articles that were selected by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) from 121 full-text articles, were analyzed using Meta Essential tools. The results showed that essential oils had a better cumulative significant effect in reducing bacterial loads of meat/poultry products (SMD=-4.37, 95%CI=-5.63 to-3.10) in comparison to the extracts (SMD=-3.66, 95%Cl=-4.56 to-2.76). As essential oils, cassia (SMD=-58.17, 95%CI=-109.88 to-6.47) showed the best effect size, whereas as extract, ganghwayassuk (SMD=-4.19, 95%CI=-6.22 to-2.16) was the most significant. Furthermore, the total plate count was significantly affected by cassia (SMD=-58.17, 95%CI=-109.88 to-6.47), Enterobacteriaceae by sage (SMD=-5.93, 95%CI=-8.32 to-3.54), and coliform also by sage (SMD=-3.79, 95%CI=-6.76 to-0.82). In general, Salmonella spp. was found as pathogenic bacterium that was the most affected (SMD=-19.68 and 95%CI=-39.01 to-0.35). In the form of essential oils, dipping was the best way in reducing microorganisms, while as extracts, adding them in the products was the best method. This study provided reliable data in selecting spices for applications to improve the quality and safety of meat and poultry products.
Pengaruh Blansir dan Tween 80 pada Pengeringan Busa terhadap Karakteristik Serbuk Seledri
Jurnal Mutu Pangan Indonesia : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality, Apr 14, 2023
Jurnal penelitian & Pengembangan Pertanian, Nov 14, 2022
Rancang bangun alat pemurni minyak jelantah dengan proses adsorbsi
Minyak goreng berfungsi sebagai media penggoreng dan kebutuhannya dari tahun ke tahun semakin men... more Minyak goreng berfungsi sebagai media penggoreng dan kebutuhannya dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Seiring dengan kenaikan harga minyak goreng di pasaran, industri makanan pengguna minyak goreng merasakan dampaknya terhadap biaya produksi. Selain itu, penggunaan minyak goreng berulang kali akan berpengaruh terhadap rasa dan performa produk makanan. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan upaya pengolahan kembali minyak jelantah dengan adsorben alam: bleaching earth dan zeolit alam aktif . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang alat pemurni minyak jelantah sebagai upaya penghematan pembelian minyak goreng baru bagi industri makanan. Adapun manfaat penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan nilai guna bahan alam di Indonesia, pemanfaatan kembali minyak jelantah sesuai kualitas SNI, menghasilkan alat pemurni minyak jelantah yang kompatible sehingga masyarakat dapat merancang dan menggunakannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode tiga tahap, yaitu tahap analisa situasi industri makanan di daerah K...
Peran Reologi Adonan Di Die Head Ekstruder, Derajat Gelatinisasi Dan Kristalinitas Beras Analog Pada Karakteristik Fisiknya
Reaktor, 2017
Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia graduall... more Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia gradually increases and reaches 8.2 million tones. About two third of it is used to meet the domestic will receive little income. Therefore, it must be converted into the other product, which has the high value. The main component of it is glyceride composed of glycerol and fatty acid. The glyceride can be converted into polyol (polyalcohol) which is the material in manufacturing polyurethane, cosmetic, lubricant etc. the process of converting of CPO into polyol is called the hydroxylation. This research aim to study the hydroxylation process of CPO into polyol and to optimize the variable which really affect the hydroxyl number of product. Based on the experiment, the optimum condition of hydroxylation of CPO with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the formic acid (HCOOH) into polyol is got as follows: temperature 50 0C, composition of reactan 40% and time 2 hours. The polyol produced has the h...
During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillatio... more During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillation process. It ispredicted that this waste still contain oleoresin. Oleoresin is the mixture fixed oil (3 – 4 %), essential oil (1 – 3%), resin etc. This research aims to find the most affecting variable and the optimum operation condition inthe extraction processing oleoresin from ginger oil distillation waste. The research is planned to use thefactorial design method 2 levels and 3 independent variables i.e.: temperature (30-60 oC), time (2-6 hours)and solvent volume (300/150- 700/150) ml/gr the weight of ginger waste. The experiment quantities whichmust be carried out are 8 runs. The observed parameters are weight, density and refraction index. The threeindependent variables give positive effect/ increase the product and time is the most influential variables. Thenthe optimization process is carried out to get the optimum operation condition by varying the extraction time.The optimum o...
The petroleum is the fuel derived from fossil which can not be renewable and the deposit in the e... more The petroleum is the fuel derived from fossil which can not be renewable and the deposit in the earth is not more now. In the middle 2008, the price of petroleum achieved US$ 147/Barrel because the supply of petroleum to world market was reduced. This situation forced the appearance of the alternative energy which can replace the fossil fuel in the future. Their result of combustion has low emission so that they can be reduced the pollution and were environment friendly. Biobriquette is the one alternative energy which expected to be able to replace the kerosene and LPG. This research aims to get the exactly composition and type in manufacturing of biobriquette from cashew nut shell and jatropa shell waste. The variables choose as the independence variable was the type of waste (cashew nut shell and jatropa shell) and the compositions (40, 60, 80 and 100%). The others are the fixed variable such as the size of briquette 4 cm and the total weight/biquette 25 g. The response or parame...
Saramaake, as one of the villages in Kao Bey of East Halmahera, is known as a fish-catch producti... more Saramaake, as one of the villages in Kao Bey of East Halmahera, is known as a fish-catch production area, with an anchovy (Stolephorus spp) as its main catch commodity. These training and mentoring on community empowerment activities were carried out from June 2017 to January 2018, aimed to improve knowledge and skills on lift-net fishery, fish quality, marketing of fish products, and institutional development (cooperative). The training and mentoring were carried out through presentations of theory, discussions and practicals for participants (n = 19 persons; consisting of 9 fishermen and 10 fish processors). Based on the activities conducted, the community has a better knowledge and skills of the lift-net fisheries and were able to process marine products better quality. The marine products are also marketable and distributed to a wider area. Through better knowledge and skills, the fishery activity in this area is greatly enhanced. Keywords: Training and Mentoring, Coastal Commun...
Jurnal Standardisasi, 2021
Bir pletok adalah minuman tradisional yang memiliki tingkat keasaman rendah. Setiap industri keci... more Bir pletok adalah minuman tradisional yang memiliki tingkat keasaman rendah. Setiap industri kecil menengah pangan (IKMP) bir pletok perlu mengendalikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keamanan serta umur simpan produk yang dihasilkannya, khususnya untuk menghindari proses termal yang tidak tepat yang dapat meningkatkan risiko keamanan produk. Selain itu, data validasi proses untuk memeriksa kecukupan panas di IKMP bir pletok juga belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil proses produksi bir pletok di IKMP yang menggunakan teknologi proses termal, serta mendapatkan data parameter proses termal dalam rangka pemenuhan persyaratan kecukupan panas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu: (1) pengumpulan data IKMP bir pletok di Kota Jakarta Selatan; 2) pengembangan dan validasi kuesioner; (3) pelaksanaan survei di IKMP bir pletok; (4) pengujian masa simpan sampel bir pletok terpilih; (5) pengolahan data; serta (6) penyusunan rekomendasi. Aplikasi proses...
Reaktor, May 5, 2008
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia. Lebih dari seteng... more Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia. Lebih dari setengah produksinya digunakan untuk kebutuhan dalam negeri dan sisanya diekspor. Produk turunan minyak sawit seperti Mono-Di Acyl Gliserol (MAG-DAG) mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tingg dan selama ini Indonesia masih mengimpornya. MAG-DAG dibuat dari senyawa gliserida yang banyak terdapat dalam bahan minyak atau lemak, seperti minyak kelapa sawit, dengan gliserol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Studi eksperimen produksi MAG-DAG dari minyak kelapa sawit pada suhu rendah (200 0 C) dengan reaktor batch skala laboratorium, dan mengetahui pengaruh variabel-variabel proses. Variabel berubah yang digunakan adalah suhu (70 o C, 90 o C, dan 110 o C), rasio gliserol/CPO (3, 4, dan 5), dan jumlah katalis (2% w, 3% w, dan 4% w). Sedangkan variabel tetapnya adalah berat total campuran reaksi 300 gram, kecepatan pengadukan 400 rpm, waktu 4 jam dan jumlah pelarut 20 ml/10 gram CPO. Dari hasil pengolahan data menggunakan program STATISTICA 6 diperoleh kondisi operasi optimum dicapai pada suhu sekitar 70-100 0 C, rasio gliserol/CPO sekitar 3,5-4,5 serta katalis pada kisaran 2,5-4% dengan konversi yang diperoleh sekitar 93-98%. Dengan adanya penambahan pelarut n-Butanol, reaksi dapat dijalankan pada suhu yang lebih rendah (di bawah 200 0 C) tanpa menurunkan konversi yang diperoleh.
Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Bekas dan Soda Q Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan Sabun Cair
The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the... more The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the material of polyurethane. Previously, it had to be converted into the polyol and then it was reacted with the Diphenyl Methane Diisocyanate (MDI). This research aimed to know the effect of MDI/polyol ratio and the quantity of the ethylene glycol on the compressive strength of polyurethane. The research was design by the Central Composite Design and the data was processed by the Response Surface Method. The calculation of data used the statistic 6. The choose variables as the independent variable were MDI/Polyol ratio (1, 2, and 3) and the quantity of ethylene glycol (10, 20, and 30 ml). The others were the fixed variable such as temperature (ambient), the quantity of catalyst (1 %) etc. The number of experiment which had to be done was 10 run. Based on the result of the data processing, the variable of MDI/Polyol ratio mostly affected the compressive strength of polyurethane. The optimal operation condition was achieved at MDI/Polyol ratio 1.82 and the quantity of ethylene glycol 25.177 ml. The produced polyurethane had the compressive strength 1,051.1 N/m 2 .
Reaktor, Dec 3, 2009
Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antisepti... more Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antiseptis, pewangi/peningkatan cita rasa untuk menyegarkan bau sabun, deterjen, lotion, parfum, dan cream. Pengambilan minyak atsiri kayu manis pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi dengan pelarut n-heksana teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konstanta kesetimbangan ekstraksi kulit kayu manis serta mempelajari pengaruh diameter pengaduk dan kecepatan putar pengaduk terhadap nilai koefisien transfer massa dan juga nilai difusivitas efektifnya. Setiap 40 gram kayu manis yang telah dihaluskan dan diayak dengan ukuran tertentu diekstraksi dengan 200 ml n-heksana teknis pada labu leher tiga dengan pengaduk magnetik selama 150 menit pada suhu 55°C. Setiap 25 menit diambil cuplikan untuk dianalisa kadar minyaknya dengan cara penimbangan. Data-data konsentrasi solut dalam solven dari penelitian diolah lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan nilai K c dan D e dengan menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial parsial menggunakan metode Finite Difference Approximation cara implisit dan optimasi 2 peubah menggunakan minimasi Hooke-Jeeves. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah harga K c naik sebanding dengan kenaikan kecepatan putar pengaduk dan diameter pengaduk, sedangkan harga D e yang diperoleh relatif tetap, sehingga dapat diperoleh hubungan persamaan kelompok tak berdimensi Sh = 4,8136 x 10-3. R e 0,6716 dengan kesalahan relatif rara-rata 2,620%.
TEKNIK, Oct 9, 2009
During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillatio... more During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillation process. It is predicted that this waste still contain oleoresin. Oleoresin is the mixture fixed oil (3-4 %), essential oil (1-3 %), resin etc. This research aims to find the most affecting variable and the optimum operation condition in the extraction processing oleoresin from ginger oil distillation waste. The research is planned to use the factorial design method 2 levels and 3 independent variables i.e.: temperature (30-60 o C), time (2-6 hours) and solvent volume (300/150-700/150) ml/gr the weight of ginger waste. The experiment quantities which must be carried out are 8 runs. The observed parameters are weight, density and refraction index. The three independent variables give positive effect/ increase the product and time is the most influential variables. Then the optimization process is carried out to get the optimum operation condition by varying the extraction time. The optimum operation condition of oleoresin extraction is 5.5 hours, temperature 60 o C and solvent volume 700ml/150 gr the weight of ginger waste. The number of oleoresin which can be obtained volume 4.1 ml, weight oleoresin 2.7 grams, density 0.67 grams/ml, and refraction index 1.4744. GCMS analysis shows that the zingeberence content is 14.91%.
Reaktor, Dec 3, 2009
Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antisepti... more Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antiseptis, pewangi/peningkatan cita rasa untuk menyegarkan bau sabun, deterjen, lotion, parfum, dan cream. Pengambilan minyak atsiri kayu manis pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi dengan pelarut n-heksana teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konstanta kesetimbangan ekstraksi kulit kayu manis serta mempelajari pengaruh diameter pengaduk dan kecepatan putar pengaduk terhadap nilai koefisien transfer massa dan juga nilai difusivitas efektifnya. Setiap 40 gram kayu manis yang telah dihaluskan dan diayak dengan ukuran tertentu diekstraksi dengan 200 ml n-heksana teknis pada labu leher tiga dengan pengaduk magnetik selama 150 menit pada suhu 55°C. Setiap 25 menit diambil cuplikan untuk dianalisa kadar minyaknya dengan cara penimbangan. Data-data konsentrasi solut dalam solven dari penelitian diolah lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan nilai K c dan D e dengan menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial parsial menggunakan metode Finite Difference Approximation cara implisit dan optimasi 2 peubah menggunakan minimasi Hooke-Jeeves. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah harga K c naik sebanding dengan kenaikan kecepatan putar pengaduk dan diameter pengaduk, sedangkan harga D e yang diperoleh relatif tetap, sehingga dapat diperoleh hubungan persamaan kelompok tak berdimensi Sh = 4,8136 x 10-3. R e 0,6716 dengan kesalahan relatif rara-rata 2,620%.
Food Research, Mar 21, 2021
Resistant starch has been well known to have beneficial health effects, mainly for digestive trac... more Resistant starch has been well known to have beneficial health effects, mainly for digestive tracts. Starch isolated from cassava showed characteristics required to produce resistant starch type 5 (RS5). In this study, we modified tapioca starch through the gelatinization process with the addition of palm oil, coconut oil, stearic acid and lauric acid with 3 treatments, i.e. concentration (1) 10%, (2) 20% and (3) 30%. The result of study showed that modification of starch can decrease starch digestibility, increase levels of resistant starch and lower amylose levels. The analysis using X-Ray diffraction, strearic acid 30% had the peak at 7.5°, 22° and 24°. Peak 7.5° was a amylose-lipid complex as RS5. The profile of starch gelatinization using Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) showed that the addition of fatty acid can decrease the value of breakdown, setback, and peak viscosity. These results indicates modification of tapioca starch with fatty acid (stearic acid or lauric acid) can form amylose-lipid complex (RS5).
Reaktor, Jun 12, 2017
Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia graduall... more Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia gradually increases and reaches 8.2 million tones. About two third of it is used to meet the domestic demand and the other is exported in crude. The value of it is low. If it is exported in crude, Indonesia will receive little income. Therefore, it must be converted into the other product, which has the high value. The main component of it is glyceride composed of glycerol and fatty acid. The glyceride can be converted into polyol (polyalcohol) which is the material in manufacturing polyurethane, cosmetic, lubricant etc. The process of converting of CPO into polyol is called the hydroxylation. This research aims to study the hydroxylation process of CPO into polyol and to optimize the variable which really affects the hydroxyl number of product. Based on the experiment, the optimum condition of hydroxylation of CPO with the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and the formic acid (HCOOH) into polyol is got as follows: temperature 50 o C, composition of reactant 40 %, and time 2 hours. The Polyol produced has the hydroxyl number 148.
The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the... more The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the material of polyurethane. Previously, it had to be converted into the polyol and then it was reacted with the Diphenyl Methane Diisocyanate (MDI). This research aimed to know the effect of MDI/polyol ratio and the quantity of the ethylene glycol on the compressive strength of polyurethane. The research was design by the Central Composite Design and the data was processed by the Response Surface Method. The calculation of data used the statistic 6. The choose variables as the independent variable were MDI/Polyol ratio (1, 2, and 3) and the quantity of ethylene glycol (10, 20, and 30 ml). The others were the fixed variable such as temperature (ambient), the quantity of catalyst (1 %) etc. The number of experiment which had to be done was 10 run. Based on the result of the data processing, the variable of MDI/Polyol ratio mostly affected the compressive strength of polyurethane. The optimal operation condition was achieved at MDI/Polyol ratio 1.82 and the quantity of ethylene glycol 25.177 ml. The produced polyurethane had the compressive strength 1,051.1 N/m 2 .
Sains Malaysiana, Mar 31, 2023
Different spices have been reported containing antimicrobial compounds that can prevent or reduce... more Different spices have been reported containing antimicrobial compounds that can prevent or reduce the microbiological spoilage or pathogenic bacteria in meat or poultry products with various results. This study evaluated the effect of essential oils and extracts of spices in reducing bacteria in meat/poultry products using a meta-analysis approach by comparing the Hedges'd effect size (standardized mean difference, SMD, and 95% confidence interval, CI). A total of 240 data, extracted from 10 articles that were selected by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) from 121 full-text articles, were analyzed using Meta Essential tools. The results showed that essential oils had a better cumulative significant effect in reducing bacterial loads of meat/poultry products (SMD=-4.37, 95%CI=-5.63 to-3.10) in comparison to the extracts (SMD=-3.66, 95%Cl=-4.56 to-2.76). As essential oils, cassia (SMD=-58.17, 95%CI=-109.88 to-6.47) showed the best effect size, whereas as extract, ganghwayassuk (SMD=-4.19, 95%CI=-6.22 to-2.16) was the most significant. Furthermore, the total plate count was significantly affected by cassia (SMD=-58.17, 95%CI=-109.88 to-6.47), Enterobacteriaceae by sage (SMD=-5.93, 95%CI=-8.32 to-3.54), and coliform also by sage (SMD=-3.79, 95%CI=-6.76 to-0.82). In general, Salmonella spp. was found as pathogenic bacterium that was the most affected (SMD=-19.68 and 95%CI=-39.01 to-0.35). In the form of essential oils, dipping was the best way in reducing microorganisms, while as extracts, adding them in the products was the best method. This study provided reliable data in selecting spices for applications to improve the quality and safety of meat and poultry products.
Pengaruh Blansir dan Tween 80 pada Pengeringan Busa terhadap Karakteristik Serbuk Seledri
Jurnal Mutu Pangan Indonesia : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality, Apr 14, 2023
Jurnal penelitian & Pengembangan Pertanian, Nov 14, 2022
Rancang bangun alat pemurni minyak jelantah dengan proses adsorbsi
Minyak goreng berfungsi sebagai media penggoreng dan kebutuhannya dari tahun ke tahun semakin men... more Minyak goreng berfungsi sebagai media penggoreng dan kebutuhannya dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Seiring dengan kenaikan harga minyak goreng di pasaran, industri makanan pengguna minyak goreng merasakan dampaknya terhadap biaya produksi. Selain itu, penggunaan minyak goreng berulang kali akan berpengaruh terhadap rasa dan performa produk makanan. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan upaya pengolahan kembali minyak jelantah dengan adsorben alam: bleaching earth dan zeolit alam aktif . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang alat pemurni minyak jelantah sebagai upaya penghematan pembelian minyak goreng baru bagi industri makanan. Adapun manfaat penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan nilai guna bahan alam di Indonesia, pemanfaatan kembali minyak jelantah sesuai kualitas SNI, menghasilkan alat pemurni minyak jelantah yang kompatible sehingga masyarakat dapat merancang dan menggunakannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode tiga tahap, yaitu tahap analisa situasi industri makanan di daerah K...
Peran Reologi Adonan Di Die Head Ekstruder, Derajat Gelatinisasi Dan Kristalinitas Beras Analog Pada Karakteristik Fisiknya
Reaktor, 2017
Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia graduall... more Indonesia is the second big CPO producer after Malaysia. The CPO production of Indonesia gradually increases and reaches 8.2 million tones. About two third of it is used to meet the domestic will receive little income. Therefore, it must be converted into the other product, which has the high value. The main component of it is glyceride composed of glycerol and fatty acid. The glyceride can be converted into polyol (polyalcohol) which is the material in manufacturing polyurethane, cosmetic, lubricant etc. the process of converting of CPO into polyol is called the hydroxylation. This research aim to study the hydroxylation process of CPO into polyol and to optimize the variable which really affect the hydroxyl number of product. Based on the experiment, the optimum condition of hydroxylation of CPO with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the formic acid (HCOOH) into polyol is got as follows: temperature 50 0C, composition of reactan 40% and time 2 hours. The polyol produced has the h...
During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillatio... more During this time the ginger oil distillation waste are only used as fire wood for the distillation process. It ispredicted that this waste still contain oleoresin. Oleoresin is the mixture fixed oil (3 – 4 %), essential oil (1 – 3%), resin etc. This research aims to find the most affecting variable and the optimum operation condition inthe extraction processing oleoresin from ginger oil distillation waste. The research is planned to use thefactorial design method 2 levels and 3 independent variables i.e.: temperature (30-60 oC), time (2-6 hours)and solvent volume (300/150- 700/150) ml/gr the weight of ginger waste. The experiment quantities whichmust be carried out are 8 runs. The observed parameters are weight, density and refraction index. The threeindependent variables give positive effect/ increase the product and time is the most influential variables. Thenthe optimization process is carried out to get the optimum operation condition by varying the extraction time.The optimum o...
The petroleum is the fuel derived from fossil which can not be renewable and the deposit in the e... more The petroleum is the fuel derived from fossil which can not be renewable and the deposit in the earth is not more now. In the middle 2008, the price of petroleum achieved US$ 147/Barrel because the supply of petroleum to world market was reduced. This situation forced the appearance of the alternative energy which can replace the fossil fuel in the future. Their result of combustion has low emission so that they can be reduced the pollution and were environment friendly. Biobriquette is the one alternative energy which expected to be able to replace the kerosene and LPG. This research aims to get the exactly composition and type in manufacturing of biobriquette from cashew nut shell and jatropa shell waste. The variables choose as the independence variable was the type of waste (cashew nut shell and jatropa shell) and the compositions (40, 60, 80 and 100%). The others are the fixed variable such as the size of briquette 4 cm and the total weight/biquette 25 g. The response or parame...
Saramaake, as one of the villages in Kao Bey of East Halmahera, is known as a fish-catch producti... more Saramaake, as one of the villages in Kao Bey of East Halmahera, is known as a fish-catch production area, with an anchovy (Stolephorus spp) as its main catch commodity. These training and mentoring on community empowerment activities were carried out from June 2017 to January 2018, aimed to improve knowledge and skills on lift-net fishery, fish quality, marketing of fish products, and institutional development (cooperative). The training and mentoring were carried out through presentations of theory, discussions and practicals for participants (n = 19 persons; consisting of 9 fishermen and 10 fish processors). Based on the activities conducted, the community has a better knowledge and skills of the lift-net fisheries and were able to process marine products better quality. The marine products are also marketable and distributed to a wider area. Through better knowledge and skills, the fishery activity in this area is greatly enhanced. Keywords: Training and Mentoring, Coastal Commun...
Jurnal Standardisasi, 2021
Bir pletok adalah minuman tradisional yang memiliki tingkat keasaman rendah. Setiap industri keci... more Bir pletok adalah minuman tradisional yang memiliki tingkat keasaman rendah. Setiap industri kecil menengah pangan (IKMP) bir pletok perlu mengendalikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keamanan serta umur simpan produk yang dihasilkannya, khususnya untuk menghindari proses termal yang tidak tepat yang dapat meningkatkan risiko keamanan produk. Selain itu, data validasi proses untuk memeriksa kecukupan panas di IKMP bir pletok juga belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh profil proses produksi bir pletok di IKMP yang menggunakan teknologi proses termal, serta mendapatkan data parameter proses termal dalam rangka pemenuhan persyaratan kecukupan panas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu: (1) pengumpulan data IKMP bir pletok di Kota Jakarta Selatan; 2) pengembangan dan validasi kuesioner; (3) pelaksanaan survei di IKMP bir pletok; (4) pengujian masa simpan sampel bir pletok terpilih; (5) pengolahan data; serta (6) penyusunan rekomendasi. Aplikasi proses...
Reaktor, May 5, 2008
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia. Lebih dari seteng... more Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia. Lebih dari setengah produksinya digunakan untuk kebutuhan dalam negeri dan sisanya diekspor. Produk turunan minyak sawit seperti Mono-Di Acyl Gliserol (MAG-DAG) mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tingg dan selama ini Indonesia masih mengimpornya. MAG-DAG dibuat dari senyawa gliserida yang banyak terdapat dalam bahan minyak atau lemak, seperti minyak kelapa sawit, dengan gliserol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Studi eksperimen produksi MAG-DAG dari minyak kelapa sawit pada suhu rendah (200 0 C) dengan reaktor batch skala laboratorium, dan mengetahui pengaruh variabel-variabel proses. Variabel berubah yang digunakan adalah suhu (70 o C, 90 o C, dan 110 o C), rasio gliserol/CPO (3, 4, dan 5), dan jumlah katalis (2% w, 3% w, dan 4% w). Sedangkan variabel tetapnya adalah berat total campuran reaksi 300 gram, kecepatan pengadukan 400 rpm, waktu 4 jam dan jumlah pelarut 20 ml/10 gram CPO. Dari hasil pengolahan data menggunakan program STATISTICA 6 diperoleh kondisi operasi optimum dicapai pada suhu sekitar 70-100 0 C, rasio gliserol/CPO sekitar 3,5-4,5 serta katalis pada kisaran 2,5-4% dengan konversi yang diperoleh sekitar 93-98%. Dengan adanya penambahan pelarut n-Butanol, reaksi dapat dijalankan pada suhu yang lebih rendah (di bawah 200 0 C) tanpa menurunkan konversi yang diperoleh.
Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Bekas dan Soda Q Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan Sabun Cair
The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the... more The used frying oil which was usually threw out and to be the waste had potency to be used as the material of polyurethane. Previously, it had to be converted into the polyol and then it was reacted with the Diphenyl Methane Diisocyanate (MDI). This research aimed to know the effect of MDI/polyol ratio and the quantity of the ethylene glycol on the compressive strength of polyurethane. The research was design by the Central Composite Design and the data was processed by the Response Surface Method. The calculation of data used the statistic 6. The choose variables as the independent variable were MDI/Polyol ratio (1, 2, and 3) and the quantity of ethylene glycol (10, 20, and 30 ml). The others were the fixed variable such as temperature (ambient), the quantity of catalyst (1 %) etc. The number of experiment which had to be done was 10 run. Based on the result of the data processing, the variable of MDI/Polyol ratio mostly affected the compressive strength of polyurethane. The optimal operation condition was achieved at MDI/Polyol ratio 1.82 and the quantity of ethylene glycol 25.177 ml. The produced polyurethane had the compressive strength 1,051.1 N/m 2 .
Reaktor, Dec 3, 2009
Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antisepti... more Tanaman kayu manis mengandung minyak atsiri yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti bahan antiseptis, pewangi/peningkatan cita rasa untuk menyegarkan bau sabun, deterjen, lotion, parfum, dan cream. Pengambilan minyak atsiri kayu manis pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi dengan pelarut n-heksana teknis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konstanta kesetimbangan ekstraksi kulit kayu manis serta mempelajari pengaruh diameter pengaduk dan kecepatan putar pengaduk terhadap nilai koefisien transfer massa dan juga nilai difusivitas efektifnya. Setiap 40 gram kayu manis yang telah dihaluskan dan diayak dengan ukuran tertentu diekstraksi dengan 200 ml n-heksana teknis pada labu leher tiga dengan pengaduk magnetik selama 150 menit pada suhu 55°C. Setiap 25 menit diambil cuplikan untuk dianalisa kadar minyaknya dengan cara penimbangan. Data-data konsentrasi solut dalam solven dari penelitian diolah lebih lanjut untuk mendapatkan nilai K c dan D e dengan menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial parsial menggunakan metode Finite Difference Approximation cara implisit dan optimasi 2 peubah menggunakan minimasi Hooke-Jeeves. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah harga K c naik sebanding dengan kenaikan kecepatan putar pengaduk dan diameter pengaduk, sedangkan harga D e yang diperoleh relatif tetap, sehingga dapat diperoleh hubungan persamaan kelompok tak berdimensi Sh = 4,8136 x 10-3. R e 0,6716 dengan kesalahan relatif rara-rata 2,620%.