Seyed Mazhari - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Seyed Mazhari
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2016
2011 Ieee Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Jul 1, 2011
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Feb 1, 2009
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2012
This paper presents a new solution approach for optimal substation expansion planning (SEP) withi... more This paper presents a new solution approach for optimal substation expansion planning (SEP) within electric power distribution networks. A modified fuzzy membership matrix as well as a memorable cost index vector is introduced to find the optimal substation service areas. Besides these, a Learning Automata-based algorithm is introduced for simultaneous determination of optimal service areas and capacities of the distribution substations. Electrical constraints such as voltage drops, power flow, radial flow constraints, as well as all prevalent cost indices are taken into consideration. The developed method is conducted to solve the distribution substation allocation problem for an actual distribution network with about 200 000 customers, and obtained results are compared to those of other methods. Detailed numerical results and comparisons presented in the paper show that the proposed solution approach could noticeably improve the quality of problem solutions with low computational burden and can be used as an effective tool for SEP in large distribution networks.
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, May 15, 2007
Computational Intelligence in Electrical Engineering, Jun 15, 2012
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008
The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium to high ... more The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium to high potassium calc-alkaline intrusive rocks composed of mafic and felsic rocks. Six samples were selected as representative of different units of these plutons for estimation of pressure and temperature of magmatic crystallisation. Al-in-hornblende barometry and crosstie contents of amphiboles suggest <4.5 kbar (1.6-4.5 kbar) pressure for emplacement depth of intrusives. Different thermometer methods indicate various stages of magmatic evolution from near liquidus to sub-solidus temperatures. The highest temperature resulted from orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene solvus thermometry which is more than 1100°C, reflecting initial crystallisation of pyroxene from dioritic magma. Hornblende-clinopyroxene thermometry show another hyper-solidus crystallisation phase during magmatic cooling. The temperature come from hornblende-plagioclase thermometer (695-760°C) probably refer to late stage crystallisation of the magma near solidus condition. Calculated temperature of feldspar thermometry show scatter results (281-1086°C) implies sub-solidus re-equilibration of the feldspar during magmatic and post-magmatic evolution.
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2014
ABSTRACT This paper presents a new solution approach to determine the optimal number and location... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a new solution approach to determine the optimal number and locations of both manual and automatic switches, with respect to probabilities of all feasible control sequences under contingencies. Furthermore, both transformer and bus failure rates are incorporated in the proposed problem formulation to reach more practical results. An artificial bee colony based algorithm is also introduced to solve the optimization problem. Besides, prevalent cost function formulation of switch placement problem is extended by incorporating operation probabilities of switches and the affiliated infrastructures. Bus number four of the Roy Billinton test system is employed to illustrate the effects of the proposed approach on distribution networks reliability. Moreover, performance of the developed algorithm is studied in several scenarios, and the obtained results are compared with those of previous methods. Detailed numerical results and comparisons presented in the paper show that the proposed solution approach could noticeably improve the obtained results with low computational burden; thus, it can be used as an effective tool for joint automatic and manual switch placement within practical distribution networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new multi-objective framework for primary distribution system plan... more ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new multi-objective framework for primary distribution system planning (DSP). Further consideration is devoted to early DSP formulations in order to assess the risk imposed by probabilistic customer choices on reliability (CCOR). The CCOR is a buy/sell strategy that permits customers to pay the electricity price equiponderant to the reliability level provided by the distribution utility over the contract period. A Monte Carlo-based simulation is carried out to examine the effects of the probability of a customer's interest in adopting the CCOR on profit-at-risk. Furthermore, the DSP was conducted to simultaneously minimize both total planning cost and profit-at-risk. The resultant optimization problem is solved through the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) accompanied by a fuzzy decision making method to select the best result among the obtained Pareto optimal set of solutions. The developed method is applied to an actual large-scale distribution system with about 140$thinspace$000 customers, followed by a discussion on results.
2013 13th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2013
ABSTRACT In this paper, a conceptual framework for self-healing ability of Smart Grid is introduc... more ABSTRACT In this paper, a conceptual framework for self-healing ability of Smart Grid is introduced, which includes three main categories: system, component, and healer healing (or healer reinforcement). An effective healer healing approach to accelerate the fault location function of the FLISR process is realized by optimal placement of fault indicators (FIs). A multiple objective function is formulated, and solved using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), to simultaneously minimize indispensable economic and technical objectives. To such aim, a summation of total customers' interruption costs and the FIs installation costs are considered as the economic objective function; while, system interruption duration index (SAIDI) is assumed as technical objective function. Moreover, simulations are conducted considering uncertainties of automatic switching. The proposed healer reinforcement approach to improve overall Smart Grid reliability is examined on bus number four of the Roy Billinton test system (RBTS4). Subsequently, the results show that the algorithm can determine the set of optimal non-dominated solutions, which allows planners to select one of the non-dominated solutions based on their expertise. Also, a max-min approach is employed to select the best result among the obtained Pareto optimal set of solutions.
IEEE Systems Journal, 2000
This paper presents an enhanced evolutionary algorithm to solve the static distribution substatio... more This paper presents an enhanced evolutionary algorithm to solve the static distribution substation planning problem within large distribution networks. It is based on a deterministic heuristic algorithm to find the approximate substation service areas for each substation and an expert selection strategy that increases the convergence chance to a global optimal solution. The introduced algorithm takes different electrical constraints such as voltage drops, power flow, radial flow constraints, and all prevalent cost indices into consideration. In addition, effects of unreliability within network feeders and substations are investigated on the obtained layouts. The developed method is applied to four benchmark test systems and an actual large-scale distribution system with about 140 000 customers, followed by a discussion on results.
Natural Resources Research, 2012
The syenites of Piranshahr pluton form homogeneous mesoperthite-rich rocks which are exposed over... more The syenites of Piranshahr pluton form homogeneous mesoperthite-rich rocks which are exposed over a large area (>30 km 2 ). With >85% modal composition of feldspar and rare ferromagnesian minerals, the syenites are petrographically suitable for feldspar exploration. The chemical composition of the Piranshahr syenites (i.e., high Al 2 O 3 and (Na 2 O + K 2 O)) is also appropriate for potential feldspar mining. By means of an inexpensive concentration procedure that includes high-intensive magnetic separation and cation collector floatation, it is possible to achieve the needed feldspar composition (high Al 2 O 3 ($20%), (Na 2 O + K 2 O) >12.5% and low FeO tot <0.25) for a marketable product. These data confirm economic potential of Piranshahr syenites as a huge feldspar source from the geologic and beneficiation perspectives.
Journal of the Geological Society, 2009
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008
ABSTRACT The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium... more ABSTRACT The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium to high potassium calc-alkaline intrusive rocks composed of mafic and felsic rocks. Six samples were selected as representative of different units of these plutons for estimation of pressure and temperature of magmatic crystallisation. Al-in-hornblende barometry and crosstie contents of amphiboles suggest <4.5 kbar (1.6-4.5 kbar) pressure for emplacement depth of intrusives. Different thermometer methods indicate various stages of magmatic evolution from near liquidus to sub-solidus temperatures. The highest temperature resulted from orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene solvus thermometry which is more than 1100°C, reflecting initial crystallisation of pyroxene from dioritic magma. Hornblende-clinopyroxene thermometry show another hyper-solidus crystallisation phase during magmatic cooling. The temperature come from hornblende-plagioclase thermometer (695-760°C) probably refer to late stage crystallisation of the magma near solidus condition. Calculated temperature of feldspar thermometry show scatter results (281-1086°C) implies sub-solidus re-equilibration of the feldspar during magmatic and post-magmatic evolution.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000
This paper proposes a multi-objective phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement method in electri... more This paper proposes a multi-objective phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement method in electric transmission grids. Further consideration is devoted to the early PMU placement formulations, to simultaneously determine minimum number of PMUs, as well as maximum measurement redundancy. Moreover, a new methodology is presented for valuation of observability under contingencies, including line outages and loss of PMUs. Furthermore, a generalized observability function is introduced to allocate the PMUs in presence of conventional non-synchronous measurements. The resultant optimization problem is solved using Cellular Learning Automata (CLA), introducing new CLA local rules to improve the optimization process. The developed method is conducted on IEEE standard test systems as well as the Iranian 230-and 400-kV transmission grids, followed by a discussion on results.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a multi-objective fault indicator (FI) placement method in electri... more ABSTRACT This paper introduces a multi-objective fault indicator (FI) placement method in electric distribution systems. The prevalent FI placement problem formulation is extended by considering effects of existing protection and control devices on customers' restoration time. Moreover, the customers' average restoration time index (CARTI) is proposed, as a new technical objective function with respect to uncertainties of automatic switching. Furthermore, a multi-objective solution approach is developed to simultaneously minimize indispensable economic and technical objectives. The resultant optimization problem is solved through a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) based algorithm, accompanied by a fuzzy decision making method to select the best result among the obtained Pareto optimal set of solutions. Assuming SAIDI and CARTI as technical objectives, the proposed method is applied to bus number four of the Roy Billinton test system (RBTS4), as well as a real-life distribution network with about 5500 customers, followed by a discussion on results.
Electric Power Systems Research, 2014
This short communication is a discussion of the paper entitled "Minimizing the number of PMUs and... more This short communication is a discussion of the paper entitled "Minimizing the number of PMUs and their optimal placement in power systems" in 83 (2012) 66-72 introduced a new model for phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement in electric smart grids. The model incorporated some constraints which result a reduction in the number of PMUs with respect to the topological observability constraint. The authors stated that "The results show that the number of PMUs is equal to or less than the corresponding results of recently published papers, while the system topological observability is complete, and measurement redundancy is increased". However, this conclusion cannot be deduced from the results given by the authors because proposed results of the IEEE 118-Bus test system are infeasible. This note mention an incompleteness in constraints presented in 83 (2012) 66-72 besides proposing a new observability function to resolve the aforesaid weakness.
Electric Power Systems Research, 2013
ABSTRACT This paper presents a new method to solve the dynamic sub-transmission substation expans... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a new method to solve the dynamic sub-transmission substation expansion planning (SSEP) in electric power distribution networks. The method employs a new algorithm based on learning automata for optimization process. The developed algorithm includes different electrical constraints such as voltage drops, thermal limits, power flow and radial flow constraints. Moreover, prevalent cost indices are taken into consideration. The proposed method is used to solve the dynamic SSEP for Birjand city, center of South-Khorasan province of Iran, up to the year 2024. In addition, effects of the dynamic and pseudo-dynamic planning models are investigated at the study region and the obtained results are compared to those of genetic algorithm. Detailed numerical results and comparisons presented in the paper show that the proposed approach leads to proper solutions and can be used as an effective tool for the dynamic sub-transmission substation expansion planning in an actual large scale distribution network.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2011
The Naqadeh mafic plutonic rocks are located on a plutonic assemblage and include different grani... more The Naqadeh mafic plutonic rocks are located on a plutonic assemblage and include different granitoid rocks related to ∼40 Ma. U-Pb SHRIMP data shows different ages of 96±2.3 Ma for mafic rocks. Naqadeh mafic plutonic rocks consist of diorite to diorite-gabbros with relatively high contents of incompatible elements, low Na2O, and
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2011
The granitic unit is a component of the Naqadeh plutonic complex, NW of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (NW ... more The granitic unit is a component of the Naqadeh plutonic complex, NW of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (NW Iran). This unit is composed of high-K calc-alkaline, slightly peraluminous (ASI=1.12-1.17) evolved monzogranites. These monzogranites have 41.85±0.81 Ma (zircon U-Pb sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) age) with two inherited zircon ages of 98.5±1.7 and 586.6± 13.1 Ma, respectively. The only enclave type consists of quartz-amphibolite enclaves indicating residual parental rocks. Chemical and isotopic ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 40Ma =0.708638; εNd 40Ma =−4.26) characteristics of monzogranites suggest that they could be derived by partial melting of crustal mafic rocks followed by some assimilation of metasedimentary rocks. With regards to inherited zircon age and quartz-amphibolite composition of Naqadeh granite, the old mafic rocks of this complex (Naqadeh dioritic rocks with 100 Ma) can be considered as parental rocks, and their partial melting under high water content, and assimilation of produced melt by metasedimentary rocks, would lead to the generation of a Naqadeh granitic unit.
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2016
2011 Ieee Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Jul 1, 2011
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, Feb 1, 2009
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2012
This paper presents a new solution approach for optimal substation expansion planning (SEP) withi... more This paper presents a new solution approach for optimal substation expansion planning (SEP) within electric power distribution networks. A modified fuzzy membership matrix as well as a memorable cost index vector is introduced to find the optimal substation service areas. Besides these, a Learning Automata-based algorithm is introduced for simultaneous determination of optimal service areas and capacities of the distribution substations. Electrical constraints such as voltage drops, power flow, radial flow constraints, as well as all prevalent cost indices are taken into consideration. The developed method is conducted to solve the distribution substation allocation problem for an actual distribution network with about 200 000 customers, and obtained results are compared to those of other methods. Detailed numerical results and comparisons presented in the paper show that the proposed solution approach could noticeably improve the quality of problem solutions with low computational burden and can be used as an effective tool for SEP in large distribution networks.
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, May 15, 2007
Computational Intelligence in Electrical Engineering, Jun 15, 2012
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008
The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium to high ... more The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium to high potassium calc-alkaline intrusive rocks composed of mafic and felsic rocks. Six samples were selected as representative of different units of these plutons for estimation of pressure and temperature of magmatic crystallisation. Al-in-hornblende barometry and crosstie contents of amphiboles suggest <4.5 kbar (1.6-4.5 kbar) pressure for emplacement depth of intrusives. Different thermometer methods indicate various stages of magmatic evolution from near liquidus to sub-solidus temperatures. The highest temperature resulted from orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene solvus thermometry which is more than 1100°C, reflecting initial crystallisation of pyroxene from dioritic magma. Hornblende-clinopyroxene thermometry show another hyper-solidus crystallisation phase during magmatic cooling. The temperature come from hornblende-plagioclase thermometer (695-760°C) probably refer to late stage crystallisation of the magma near solidus condition. Calculated temperature of feldspar thermometry show scatter results (281-1086°C) implies sub-solidus re-equilibration of the feldspar during magmatic and post-magmatic evolution.
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2014
ABSTRACT This paper presents a new solution approach to determine the optimal number and location... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a new solution approach to determine the optimal number and locations of both manual and automatic switches, with respect to probabilities of all feasible control sequences under contingencies. Furthermore, both transformer and bus failure rates are incorporated in the proposed problem formulation to reach more practical results. An artificial bee colony based algorithm is also introduced to solve the optimization problem. Besides, prevalent cost function formulation of switch placement problem is extended by incorporating operation probabilities of switches and the affiliated infrastructures. Bus number four of the Roy Billinton test system is employed to illustrate the effects of the proposed approach on distribution networks reliability. Moreover, performance of the developed algorithm is studied in several scenarios, and the obtained results are compared with those of previous methods. Detailed numerical results and comparisons presented in the paper show that the proposed solution approach could noticeably improve the obtained results with low computational burden; thus, it can be used as an effective tool for joint automatic and manual switch placement within practical distribution networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015
ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new multi-objective framework for primary distribution system plan... more ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new multi-objective framework for primary distribution system planning (DSP). Further consideration is devoted to early DSP formulations in order to assess the risk imposed by probabilistic customer choices on reliability (CCOR). The CCOR is a buy/sell strategy that permits customers to pay the electricity price equiponderant to the reliability level provided by the distribution utility over the contract period. A Monte Carlo-based simulation is carried out to examine the effects of the probability of a customer's interest in adopting the CCOR on profit-at-risk. Furthermore, the DSP was conducted to simultaneously minimize both total planning cost and profit-at-risk. The resultant optimization problem is solved through the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) accompanied by a fuzzy decision making method to select the best result among the obtained Pareto optimal set of solutions. The developed method is applied to an actual large-scale distribution system with about 140$thinspace$000 customers, followed by a discussion on results.
2013 13th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2013
ABSTRACT In this paper, a conceptual framework for self-healing ability of Smart Grid is introduc... more ABSTRACT In this paper, a conceptual framework for self-healing ability of Smart Grid is introduced, which includes three main categories: system, component, and healer healing (or healer reinforcement). An effective healer healing approach to accelerate the fault location function of the FLISR process is realized by optimal placement of fault indicators (FIs). A multiple objective function is formulated, and solved using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO), to simultaneously minimize indispensable economic and technical objectives. To such aim, a summation of total customers' interruption costs and the FIs installation costs are considered as the economic objective function; while, system interruption duration index (SAIDI) is assumed as technical objective function. Moreover, simulations are conducted considering uncertainties of automatic switching. The proposed healer reinforcement approach to improve overall Smart Grid reliability is examined on bus number four of the Roy Billinton test system (RBTS4). Subsequently, the results show that the algorithm can determine the set of optimal non-dominated solutions, which allows planners to select one of the non-dominated solutions based on their expertise. Also, a max-min approach is employed to select the best result among the obtained Pareto optimal set of solutions.
IEEE Systems Journal, 2000
This paper presents an enhanced evolutionary algorithm to solve the static distribution substatio... more This paper presents an enhanced evolutionary algorithm to solve the static distribution substation planning problem within large distribution networks. It is based on a deterministic heuristic algorithm to find the approximate substation service areas for each substation and an expert selection strategy that increases the convergence chance to a global optimal solution. The introduced algorithm takes different electrical constraints such as voltage drops, power flow, radial flow constraints, and all prevalent cost indices into consideration. In addition, effects of unreliability within network feeders and substations are investigated on the obtained layouts. The developed method is applied to four benchmark test systems and an actual large-scale distribution system with about 140 000 customers, followed by a discussion on results.
Natural Resources Research, 2012
The syenites of Piranshahr pluton form homogeneous mesoperthite-rich rocks which are exposed over... more The syenites of Piranshahr pluton form homogeneous mesoperthite-rich rocks which are exposed over a large area (>30 km 2 ). With >85% modal composition of feldspar and rare ferromagnesian minerals, the syenites are petrographically suitable for feldspar exploration. The chemical composition of the Piranshahr syenites (i.e., high Al 2 O 3 and (Na 2 O + K 2 O)) is also appropriate for potential feldspar mining. By means of an inexpensive concentration procedure that includes high-intensive magnetic separation and cation collector floatation, it is possible to achieve the needed feldspar composition (high Al 2 O 3 ($20%), (Na 2 O + K 2 O) >12.5% and low FeO tot <0.25) for a marketable product. These data confirm economic potential of Piranshahr syenites as a huge feldspar source from the geologic and beneficiation perspectives.
Journal of the Geological Society, 2009
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2008
ABSTRACT The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium... more ABSTRACT The Naqadeh, Pasveh and Delkeh plutons of North Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran, are medium to high potassium calc-alkaline intrusive rocks composed of mafic and felsic rocks. Six samples were selected as representative of different units of these plutons for estimation of pressure and temperature of magmatic crystallisation. Al-in-hornblende barometry and crosstie contents of amphiboles suggest <4.5 kbar (1.6-4.5 kbar) pressure for emplacement depth of intrusives. Different thermometer methods indicate various stages of magmatic evolution from near liquidus to sub-solidus temperatures. The highest temperature resulted from orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene solvus thermometry which is more than 1100°C, reflecting initial crystallisation of pyroxene from dioritic magma. Hornblende-clinopyroxene thermometry show another hyper-solidus crystallisation phase during magmatic cooling. The temperature come from hornblende-plagioclase thermometer (695-760°C) probably refer to late stage crystallisation of the magma near solidus condition. Calculated temperature of feldspar thermometry show scatter results (281-1086°C) implies sub-solidus re-equilibration of the feldspar during magmatic and post-magmatic evolution.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000
This paper proposes a multi-objective phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement method in electri... more This paper proposes a multi-objective phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement method in electric transmission grids. Further consideration is devoted to the early PMU placement formulations, to simultaneously determine minimum number of PMUs, as well as maximum measurement redundancy. Moreover, a new methodology is presented for valuation of observability under contingencies, including line outages and loss of PMUs. Furthermore, a generalized observability function is introduced to allocate the PMUs in presence of conventional non-synchronous measurements. The resultant optimization problem is solved using Cellular Learning Automata (CLA), introducing new CLA local rules to improve the optimization process. The developed method is conducted on IEEE standard test systems as well as the Iranian 230-and 400-kV transmission grids, followed by a discussion on results.
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a multi-objective fault indicator (FI) placement method in electri... more ABSTRACT This paper introduces a multi-objective fault indicator (FI) placement method in electric distribution systems. The prevalent FI placement problem formulation is extended by considering effects of existing protection and control devices on customers' restoration time. Moreover, the customers' average restoration time index (CARTI) is proposed, as a new technical objective function with respect to uncertainties of automatic switching. Furthermore, a multi-objective solution approach is developed to simultaneously minimize indispensable economic and technical objectives. The resultant optimization problem is solved through a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) based algorithm, accompanied by a fuzzy decision making method to select the best result among the obtained Pareto optimal set of solutions. Assuming SAIDI and CARTI as technical objectives, the proposed method is applied to bus number four of the Roy Billinton test system (RBTS4), as well as a real-life distribution network with about 5500 customers, followed by a discussion on results.
Electric Power Systems Research, 2014
This short communication is a discussion of the paper entitled "Minimizing the number of PMUs and... more This short communication is a discussion of the paper entitled "Minimizing the number of PMUs and their optimal placement in power systems" in 83 (2012) 66-72 introduced a new model for phasor measurement units (PMUs) placement in electric smart grids. The model incorporated some constraints which result a reduction in the number of PMUs with respect to the topological observability constraint. The authors stated that "The results show that the number of PMUs is equal to or less than the corresponding results of recently published papers, while the system topological observability is complete, and measurement redundancy is increased". However, this conclusion cannot be deduced from the results given by the authors because proposed results of the IEEE 118-Bus test system are infeasible. This note mention an incompleteness in constraints presented in 83 (2012) 66-72 besides proposing a new observability function to resolve the aforesaid weakness.
Electric Power Systems Research, 2013
ABSTRACT This paper presents a new method to solve the dynamic sub-transmission substation expans... more ABSTRACT This paper presents a new method to solve the dynamic sub-transmission substation expansion planning (SSEP) in electric power distribution networks. The method employs a new algorithm based on learning automata for optimization process. The developed algorithm includes different electrical constraints such as voltage drops, thermal limits, power flow and radial flow constraints. Moreover, prevalent cost indices are taken into consideration. The proposed method is used to solve the dynamic SSEP for Birjand city, center of South-Khorasan province of Iran, up to the year 2024. In addition, effects of the dynamic and pseudo-dynamic planning models are investigated at the study region and the obtained results are compared to those of genetic algorithm. Detailed numerical results and comparisons presented in the paper show that the proposed approach leads to proper solutions and can be used as an effective tool for the dynamic sub-transmission substation expansion planning in an actual large scale distribution network.
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2011
The Naqadeh mafic plutonic rocks are located on a plutonic assemblage and include different grani... more The Naqadeh mafic plutonic rocks are located on a plutonic assemblage and include different granitoid rocks related to ∼40 Ma. U-Pb SHRIMP data shows different ages of 96±2.3 Ma for mafic rocks. Naqadeh mafic plutonic rocks consist of diorite to diorite-gabbros with relatively high contents of incompatible elements, low Na2O, and
Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2011
The granitic unit is a component of the Naqadeh plutonic complex, NW of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (NW ... more The granitic unit is a component of the Naqadeh plutonic complex, NW of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (NW Iran). This unit is composed of high-K calc-alkaline, slightly peraluminous (ASI=1.12-1.17) evolved monzogranites. These monzogranites have 41.85±0.81 Ma (zircon U-Pb sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) age) with two inherited zircon ages of 98.5±1.7 and 586.6± 13.1 Ma, respectively. The only enclave type consists of quartz-amphibolite enclaves indicating residual parental rocks. Chemical and isotopic ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 40Ma =0.708638; εNd 40Ma =−4.26) characteristics of monzogranites suggest that they could be derived by partial melting of crustal mafic rocks followed by some assimilation of metasedimentary rocks. With regards to inherited zircon age and quartz-amphibolite composition of Naqadeh granite, the old mafic rocks of this complex (Naqadeh dioritic rocks with 100 Ma) can be considered as parental rocks, and their partial melting under high water content, and assimilation of produced melt by metasedimentary rocks, would lead to the generation of a Naqadeh granitic unit.