Shah Jehan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shah Jehan

This study investigated the aggregate suitability and geo-chemical characteristics of limestone (... more This study investigated the aggregate suitability and geo-chemical characteristics of limestone (LS) for construction industries. The results of aggregate parameters for different applications revealed that specific gravity (SG = 2.6), water absorption (WA = 0.47%), bulk density (BD = 1.58 g/cm3), flakiness index (FI = 16.8%), elongation index (EI = 16.39%), soundness (S = 1.6%), aggregate impact value (AIV = 14%), Los Angles Abrasion value (LAAV = 23.51%), clay lumps (CL = 0.35%), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS = 86.7 MPa), point load test (PLT = 5.18 MPa), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV = 5290 m/s) and Schmidt hammer rebound test (SHRT = 49 N) are in accordance with ASTM, ISRM and BSI. Petrographically, the LS is dominantly composed of ooids, peloids, bioclasts and calcite (CaCO3) with trace concentration of the dolomite. Geochemical results (n = 18) indicated that the LS is dominantly made up of calcite (95.81%); while on average it is composed of 52.08 wt.% CaO, 1.13 wt. % S...

Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 2003

It has been observed that old numerical techniques do not give good results when applied to solve... more It has been observed that old numerical techniques do not give good results when applied to solve singularly perturbed initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. In this study we introduce exponentially fitted Runge - Kutta methods to over come drawbacks of old methods .

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2010

Osteochondral fracture of lateral femoral condyle can result from support and other twisting inju... more Osteochondral fracture of lateral femoral condyle can result from support and other twisting injuries of the knee. Arthroscopy is a better diagnostic and therapeutic tool as standard radiographs can mislead regarding the size and location of the fragment. If fragment is large and displaced, arthrotomy may become necessary. We present a case of large osteochondral fracture of lateral femoral condyle involving the entire articular surface in a 12 year old male. This was treated with open reduction and internal fixation using biodegradable screws. MRI at six weeks after surgery showed satisfactory results. After the surgery full weight bearing was allowed at three months.

International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2009

A set of 22 experimental wheat lines along with four check cultivars were evaluated in irrigated ... more A set of 22 experimental wheat lines along with four check cultivars were evaluated in irrigated and unirrigated environments with objectives to determine genetic and phenotypic variation and heritability estimates for yield and its traits. The two environments were statistically at par for physiological maturity, plant height, spikes m, spikelets spike, and 1000-grain weight. Highly significant genetic variability existed among wheat lines (P ≤ 0.01) in the combined analysis across two test environments for traits except 1000grain weight. Genotypes x environment interactions were non-significant for traits indicating consistent performance of lines in two test environments. However lines and check cultivars were two to five days early in maturity under unirrigated environment. Plant height, spikes m and 1000-grain weight also reduced under unirrigated environments. Genetic variances were greater than environmental variances for most of traits. Heritability estimates were of higher ...

Background Distal radius fractures are very common injuries. Majority of these fractures are tran... more Background Distal radius fractures are very common injuries. Majority of these fractures are transverse or oblique in nature. Isolated vertical fractures of the distal radius in the sagittal plane are rare injuries. The management of these vertical fractures is therefore different from the usual transverse or oblique fractures of the distal radius. We report on a 53-year-old right-handed gentleman who fell from his bicycle and sustained a vertical fracture of the distal radius. His distal radius fracture was fixed surgically using two interfragmentary screws. A direct lateral approach of the distal radius was used to expose the distal radius. The rationale for using direct lateral approach and interfragmentary screws for this type of fracture is discussed.

Large glenoid fractures are relatively uncommon with shoulder dislocation. Simultaneous glenoid a... more Large glenoid fractures are relatively uncommon with shoulder dislocation. Simultaneous glenoid and greater tuberosity fractures with anterior shoulder dislocation are very rare. We report on a 48-year right-handed male who sustained a fall during skiing. He had anterior shoulder dislocation combined with large glenoid fracture and greater tuberosity fracture. He was treated surgically with fixation of the glenoid and greater tuberosity fractures, using two different approaches. The deltopectoral approach with coracoid osteotomy and subscapularis split was used for glenoid fixation. McKenzie's approach was used for greater tuberosity fixation.

This paper deals with the problem of obtaining numerical approximation to solutions of a system o... more This paper deals with the problem of obtaining numerical approximation to solutions of a system of partial differential equations by backward constraints using successive relaxation. We have shown that the backward constraints method is stable and highly accurate for a method of lines solution of model linear partial differential equations.

Experimental plot was conducted to test the variation with correlation of one hundred bread wheat... more Experimental plot was conducted to test the variation with correlation of one hundred bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasms under the area of Plant Breeding and Genetics department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, in the year 2006. All the germplasms were evaluated for the traits, spike length (cm), number of spikelets spike -1 , grain yield plant -1 (gm), 1000-grain weight (gm) and grain yield (Kg ha -1 ). Genetic diversity was statistically found for all the traits. Two germplasm [PARC/JICA 004275 (01)] had maximum spike length (cm) i.e., 22.4 (cm). Maximum variations were observed among the accessions for spike length (cm) with coefficient of variation 17.89%. The accession [PARC/JICA 004280 (01)] has maximum 31.8 number of spikelets spike -1 with coefficient of variation 18.45%. The entry [PARC/JICA 003845 (01)], [PARC/JICA 004279 (05)], [PARC/JICA 004274 (01)] and [PARC/JICA 004266 (04)] having greatest 1000-grain weight (g) i.e. (46.2, 46.1,...

Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail may find indications for a variety of ... more Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail may find indications for a variety of conditions of the hindfoot. We performed a systematic review of the literature primarily to find out the union rates and complications of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail. We included 33 studies for this review. These studies included 631 patients who had 659 procedures. Eighteen cases were excluded and 641 joints (613 patients) were available for the final analysis. We analysed the indications, union rates, complications and re-operation rates. The union rate was 86.7% with an average union time of 4.5 months. The complication rate was 55.7%. Metalwork related complications made a significant proportion of all the complications. The re-operation rate was 22%. Revision arthrodesis was done in 3% and amputation in 1.5% the cases. The review indicates that tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail has a relatively good union rate but a high rate o...

Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 2020

We performed a systematic review to find out the safety and efficacy of various procedures for is... more We performed a systematic review to find out the safety and efficacy of various procedures for isolated scaphotrapeziotrapezoid osteoarthritis. Eleven articles were included. The most common procedure was arthroplasty with pyrocarbon implant (28%), followed by resection of distal pole of scaphoid with proximal trapezium and trapezoid resection (18%). The other procedures included trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) (14%), arthroscopic resection of distal scaphoid (11%), trapezium and trapezoid resection with LRTI (10%) and arthrodesis (10%). Complications were noted in 18 (15%) patients. The most common complication (7.5%) was asymptomatic dorsal intercalated segmental instability (DISI) followed by dislocation of the pyrocarbon implant (3%). Fusion resulted in decreased range of motion and grip strength. The distal scaphoid resection was related to high rate of DISI. Although the pyrocarbon implant has a higher dislocation rate which requires ...

The present study was conducted during 2004 to develop mathematical models for individual paramet... more The present study was conducted during 2004 to develop mathematical models for individual parameter to enrich copper in concentrate from raw copper ore of North Waziristan (Pakistan). The study is based on the primary experimental data with seven important process parameters i.e type and dosage of collector (X1g/ton), pH (X2), depressant Sodium Cyanide (X3 g/ton), Sulfidizer sodium sulphide (X4g/ton), frother dosage (X5g/ton), pulp density (X6 % vol/wt) and conditioning time (X7 minute) and consists of 31 observations. Flotation process parameters were studied to concentrate the copper content i.e. chalcopyrite of North Waziristan copper ore. Mathematical models were developed by applying statistical and computational “Excel” Techniques. Forty mathematical models for the recovery of copper have been constructed.

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015

Background: FNAC is considered as a reliable and inexpensive test for diagnosing lymphadenopathy ... more Background: FNAC is considered as a reliable and inexpensive test for diagnosing lymphadenopathy cases with a high degree of accuracy. The objective of this study was to determine the cytomorphological pattern of superficial lymph node aspirates. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bannu Medical College, Bannu, Pakistan from October, 2012 to September, 2013. All patients with superficial lymphadenopathy were included in the study. Patients with a history of less than four weeks lymphadenopathy, having acute inflammatory process in the draining area or having lymphadenopathy due to known primary malignancy were excluded. The demographic variables were sex, age in years and age grouping. The research variables were site and cause of lymphadenopathy. Age grouping was; up to 15 years, 16-40 years and above 40 years. Results: Out of 235 cases, there were 110(46.80%) males and 125(53.20%) females. The mean age of the sample was 35.0...

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat

Background & Objective: The treatment of tuberculosis is cheap and highly effective, yet world wi... more Background & Objective: The treatment of tuberculosis is cheap and highly effective, yet world wide thedisease remains a serious cause of illness and death. That's why WHO has called for the universal adaptationof DOTS (Directly observe treatment short course). The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness ofDOTS in term of cure and treatment completion rates among pulmonary tuberculoses patients at DistrictSwat, after the implication of DOTS. Methods: 167 male and female pulmonary tuberculosis patients age more than 15 years were enrolled forthe third quarter of 2002 (July to September) and were assessed on the basis of history chest X-ray, sputumsmear microscopy and culture. Results: Out of 167 patients, 108(65%) were sputum smear positive by direct microscopy and 59(35%)were sputum smear negative patients confirmed on clinical grounds. The treatment outcome was calculated12-15 months later. The outcome was 53% cured, 34% completed, 1% died, 9% defaulted, 0% failed an...

International Journal of Sediment Research

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For th... more This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters including heavy metals (HM). The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and HM were within the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) except 34%, 60%, and 56% of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), respectively. Pollution sources were identified by various multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicating different origins both naturally and anthropogenically. Results of the water quality index (WQI) ranged from 13.58 to 209 with an average value of 77 suggesting poor water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. The poor water quality was mainly related to high sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards showing > 27% and 20% water samples have poor alkalinity and...

Journal of Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction

Background: The prevalence of fracture nonunion surgery is increasing in the general population w... more Background: The prevalence of fracture nonunion surgery is increasing in the general population with greater advancement in trauma surgery. Increasingly complex injuries involving the limbs are now amenable for limb preservation surgery, where in the past amputations would have been common place. Aims and Objectives: We carried out a literature review on the evidence available on the use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) for long bone nonunion surgery. Methods: This literature review was initially undertaken for a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, however due to lack of high-quality published literature, we present a narrative review instead. The abstracts of the articles obtained on Medline and Embase database were scrutinised according to the inclusion and exclusion criterions. The primary endpoint was union rates, and secondary end points were time to union, re-operation and post op infection rates. Results: A total of 240 titles were obtained, and after review, 3 articles were selected for final analysis. There were no statistically significant differences noted between the primary and secondary endpoints in the autologous bone graft (ABG) group when compared against the BMP-2 with allograft group. An additional review of the literature suggests that BMP-2 is cost neutral to the healthcare system. Conclusion: Although no firm conclusions can be drawn due to lack of power, the trend suggests no significant difference in union rates between autograft or BMP-2 with allograft, with comparable results to each other in all measurable end-points.

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural compound extracted from the black seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. be... more Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural compound extracted from the black seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. TQ exhibits anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities against various cancers. Many therapeutics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatments, such as doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP), exhibit considerable side effects on patients. We investigated cytotoxic effects of TQ, alone or in combination with DDP and DOX to HCC cells. TQ exhibited selective killing to HCC HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, but relatively low toxicity to normal liver HL-7702 cells. Importantly, when used with DOX or DDP, TQ showed synergistic inhibition of HCC cells, but not HL-7702 cells. We also discovered that Hep3B cells with a p53 null status were more sensitive to TQ than HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells harboring wild type p53. Consistently, shRNA-mediated p53 silencing in HepG2 cells dramatically enhanced TQ-induced apoptosis, measured by caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. Furthermore, TQ-stimulated increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in p53-depleted cells was more pronounced than that in cells with intact p53. In summary, we discovered that TQ synergistically improves the anti-cancer activity of DOX and DDP, and loss of p53 sensitizes HCC cells to TQ-induced apoptosis.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This study aimed to investigate the contamination of drinking water sources with potentially toxi... more This study aimed to investigate the contamination of drinking water sources with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) together with some hydrochemical characteristics in the highly populated industrial zone of Pakistan. For this purpose, drinking ( n = 40) and surface ( n = 20) water samples were collected and analyzed for PTM using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS, PerkinElmer-700, USA). The metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), showed significantly ( p = 0.05) higher concentrations than their respective limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011 ) in drinking water. The chronic daily intake (CDI) and human hazard quotient (HQ) were also evaluated. The highest daily intake through drinking water consumption was found for Ni (4.3 μg/kg/day), while lowest for Cd (0.25 μg/kg/day). The highest hazard quotient values were found for Cd (0.33) and Ni (0.29) that could be attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. Higher CDI and HQ values of Ni and Cd may cause chronic human health problems. According to the Chadha Piper diagram, the hydrochemical facies distribution indicated that water trend in the study area followed an order such as follows: Ca–Mg–Cl < Na–Cl < Ca–HCO 3 < Na–HCO 3 . Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the elevated levels of PTM were attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. This study provides baseline information for policy makers and the effective management of water in populated industrialized zone.

This study investigated the aggregate suitability and geo-chemical characteristics of limestone (... more This study investigated the aggregate suitability and geo-chemical characteristics of limestone (LS) for construction industries. The results of aggregate parameters for different applications revealed that specific gravity (SG = 2.6), water absorption (WA = 0.47%), bulk density (BD = 1.58 g/cm3), flakiness index (FI = 16.8%), elongation index (EI = 16.39%), soundness (S = 1.6%), aggregate impact value (AIV = 14%), Los Angles Abrasion value (LAAV = 23.51%), clay lumps (CL = 0.35%), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS = 86.7 MPa), point load test (PLT = 5.18 MPa), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV = 5290 m/s) and Schmidt hammer rebound test (SHRT = 49 N) are in accordance with ASTM, ISRM and BSI. Petrographically, the LS is dominantly composed of ooids, peloids, bioclasts and calcite (CaCO3) with trace concentration of the dolomite. Geochemical results (n = 18) indicated that the LS is dominantly made up of calcite (95.81%); while on average it is composed of 52.08 wt.% CaO, 1.13 wt. % S...

Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 2003

It has been observed that old numerical techniques do not give good results when applied to solve... more It has been observed that old numerical techniques do not give good results when applied to solve singularly perturbed initial value problems in ordinary differential equations. In this study we introduce exponentially fitted Runge - Kutta methods to over come drawbacks of old methods .

JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2010

Osteochondral fracture of lateral femoral condyle can result from support and other twisting inju... more Osteochondral fracture of lateral femoral condyle can result from support and other twisting injuries of the knee. Arthroscopy is a better diagnostic and therapeutic tool as standard radiographs can mislead regarding the size and location of the fragment. If fragment is large and displaced, arthrotomy may become necessary. We present a case of large osteochondral fracture of lateral femoral condyle involving the entire articular surface in a 12 year old male. This was treated with open reduction and internal fixation using biodegradable screws. MRI at six weeks after surgery showed satisfactory results. After the surgery full weight bearing was allowed at three months.

International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 2009

A set of 22 experimental wheat lines along with four check cultivars were evaluated in irrigated ... more A set of 22 experimental wheat lines along with four check cultivars were evaluated in irrigated and unirrigated environments with objectives to determine genetic and phenotypic variation and heritability estimates for yield and its traits. The two environments were statistically at par for physiological maturity, plant height, spikes m, spikelets spike, and 1000-grain weight. Highly significant genetic variability existed among wheat lines (P ≤ 0.01) in the combined analysis across two test environments for traits except 1000grain weight. Genotypes x environment interactions were non-significant for traits indicating consistent performance of lines in two test environments. However lines and check cultivars were two to five days early in maturity under unirrigated environment. Plant height, spikes m and 1000-grain weight also reduced under unirrigated environments. Genetic variances were greater than environmental variances for most of traits. Heritability estimates were of higher ...

Background Distal radius fractures are very common injuries. Majority of these fractures are tran... more Background Distal radius fractures are very common injuries. Majority of these fractures are transverse or oblique in nature. Isolated vertical fractures of the distal radius in the sagittal plane are rare injuries. The management of these vertical fractures is therefore different from the usual transverse or oblique fractures of the distal radius. We report on a 53-year-old right-handed gentleman who fell from his bicycle and sustained a vertical fracture of the distal radius. His distal radius fracture was fixed surgically using two interfragmentary screws. A direct lateral approach of the distal radius was used to expose the distal radius. The rationale for using direct lateral approach and interfragmentary screws for this type of fracture is discussed.

Large glenoid fractures are relatively uncommon with shoulder dislocation. Simultaneous glenoid a... more Large glenoid fractures are relatively uncommon with shoulder dislocation. Simultaneous glenoid and greater tuberosity fractures with anterior shoulder dislocation are very rare. We report on a 48-year right-handed male who sustained a fall during skiing. He had anterior shoulder dislocation combined with large glenoid fracture and greater tuberosity fracture. He was treated surgically with fixation of the glenoid and greater tuberosity fractures, using two different approaches. The deltopectoral approach with coracoid osteotomy and subscapularis split was used for glenoid fixation. McKenzie's approach was used for greater tuberosity fixation.

This paper deals with the problem of obtaining numerical approximation to solutions of a system o... more This paper deals with the problem of obtaining numerical approximation to solutions of a system of partial differential equations by backward constraints using successive relaxation. We have shown that the backward constraints method is stable and highly accurate for a method of lines solution of model linear partial differential equations.

Experimental plot was conducted to test the variation with correlation of one hundred bread wheat... more Experimental plot was conducted to test the variation with correlation of one hundred bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasms under the area of Plant Breeding and Genetics department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, in the year 2006. All the germplasms were evaluated for the traits, spike length (cm), number of spikelets spike -1 , grain yield plant -1 (gm), 1000-grain weight (gm) and grain yield (Kg ha -1 ). Genetic diversity was statistically found for all the traits. Two germplasm [PARC/JICA 004275 (01)] had maximum spike length (cm) i.e., 22.4 (cm). Maximum variations were observed among the accessions for spike length (cm) with coefficient of variation 17.89%. The accession [PARC/JICA 004280 (01)] has maximum 31.8 number of spikelets spike -1 with coefficient of variation 18.45%. The entry [PARC/JICA 003845 (01)], [PARC/JICA 004279 (05)], [PARC/JICA 004274 (01)] and [PARC/JICA 004266 (04)] having greatest 1000-grain weight (g) i.e. (46.2, 46.1,...

Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail may find indications for a variety of ... more Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail may find indications for a variety of conditions of the hindfoot. We performed a systematic review of the literature primarily to find out the union rates and complications of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail. We included 33 studies for this review. These studies included 631 patients who had 659 procedures. Eighteen cases were excluded and 641 joints (613 patients) were available for the final analysis. We analysed the indications, union rates, complications and re-operation rates. The union rate was 86.7% with an average union time of 4.5 months. The complication rate was 55.7%. Metalwork related complications made a significant proportion of all the complications. The re-operation rate was 22%. Revision arthrodesis was done in 3% and amputation in 1.5% the cases. The review indicates that tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail has a relatively good union rate but a high rate o...

Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 2020

We performed a systematic review to find out the safety and efficacy of various procedures for is... more We performed a systematic review to find out the safety and efficacy of various procedures for isolated scaphotrapeziotrapezoid osteoarthritis. Eleven articles were included. The most common procedure was arthroplasty with pyrocarbon implant (28%), followed by resection of distal pole of scaphoid with proximal trapezium and trapezoid resection (18%). The other procedures included trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) (14%), arthroscopic resection of distal scaphoid (11%), trapezium and trapezoid resection with LRTI (10%) and arthrodesis (10%). Complications were noted in 18 (15%) patients. The most common complication (7.5%) was asymptomatic dorsal intercalated segmental instability (DISI) followed by dislocation of the pyrocarbon implant (3%). Fusion resulted in decreased range of motion and grip strength. The distal scaphoid resection was related to high rate of DISI. Although the pyrocarbon implant has a higher dislocation rate which requires ...

The present study was conducted during 2004 to develop mathematical models for individual paramet... more The present study was conducted during 2004 to develop mathematical models for individual parameter to enrich copper in concentrate from raw copper ore of North Waziristan (Pakistan). The study is based on the primary experimental data with seven important process parameters i.e type and dosage of collector (X1g/ton), pH (X2), depressant Sodium Cyanide (X3 g/ton), Sulfidizer sodium sulphide (X4g/ton), frother dosage (X5g/ton), pulp density (X6 % vol/wt) and conditioning time (X7 minute) and consists of 31 observations. Flotation process parameters were studied to concentrate the copper content i.e. chalcopyrite of North Waziristan copper ore. Mathematical models were developed by applying statistical and computational “Excel” Techniques. Forty mathematical models for the recovery of copper have been constructed.

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015

Background: FNAC is considered as a reliable and inexpensive test for diagnosing lymphadenopathy ... more Background: FNAC is considered as a reliable and inexpensive test for diagnosing lymphadenopathy cases with a high degree of accuracy. The objective of this study was to determine the cytomorphological pattern of superficial lymph node aspirates. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bannu Medical College, Bannu, Pakistan from October, 2012 to September, 2013. All patients with superficial lymphadenopathy were included in the study. Patients with a history of less than four weeks lymphadenopathy, having acute inflammatory process in the draining area or having lymphadenopathy due to known primary malignancy were excluded. The demographic variables were sex, age in years and age grouping. The research variables were site and cause of lymphadenopathy. Age grouping was; up to 15 years, 16-40 years and above 40 years. Results: Out of 235 cases, there were 110(46.80%) males and 125(53.20%) females. The mean age of the sample was 35.0...

Environmental Technology & Innovation

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat

Background & Objective: The treatment of tuberculosis is cheap and highly effective, yet world wi... more Background & Objective: The treatment of tuberculosis is cheap and highly effective, yet world wide thedisease remains a serious cause of illness and death. That's why WHO has called for the universal adaptationof DOTS (Directly observe treatment short course). The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness ofDOTS in term of cure and treatment completion rates among pulmonary tuberculoses patients at DistrictSwat, after the implication of DOTS. Methods: 167 male and female pulmonary tuberculosis patients age more than 15 years were enrolled forthe third quarter of 2002 (July to September) and were assessed on the basis of history chest X-ray, sputumsmear microscopy and culture. Results: Out of 167 patients, 108(65%) were sputum smear positive by direct microscopy and 59(35%)were sputum smear negative patients confirmed on clinical grounds. The treatment outcome was calculated12-15 months later. The outcome was 53% cured, 34% completed, 1% died, 9% defaulted, 0% failed an...

International Journal of Sediment Research

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For th... more This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters including heavy metals (HM). The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and HM were within the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) except 34%, 60%, and 56% of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), respectively. Pollution sources were identified by various multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicating different origins both naturally and anthropogenically. Results of the water quality index (WQI) ranged from 13.58 to 209 with an average value of 77 suggesting poor water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. The poor water quality was mainly related to high sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards showing > 27% and 20% water samples have poor alkalinity and...

Journal of Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction

Background: The prevalence of fracture nonunion surgery is increasing in the general population w... more Background: The prevalence of fracture nonunion surgery is increasing in the general population with greater advancement in trauma surgery. Increasingly complex injuries involving the limbs are now amenable for limb preservation surgery, where in the past amputations would have been common place. Aims and Objectives: We carried out a literature review on the evidence available on the use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) for long bone nonunion surgery. Methods: This literature review was initially undertaken for a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines, however due to lack of high-quality published literature, we present a narrative review instead. The abstracts of the articles obtained on Medline and Embase database were scrutinised according to the inclusion and exclusion criterions. The primary endpoint was union rates, and secondary end points were time to union, re-operation and post op infection rates. Results: A total of 240 titles were obtained, and after review, 3 articles were selected for final analysis. There were no statistically significant differences noted between the primary and secondary endpoints in the autologous bone graft (ABG) group when compared against the BMP-2 with allograft group. An additional review of the literature suggests that BMP-2 is cost neutral to the healthcare system. Conclusion: Although no firm conclusions can be drawn due to lack of power, the trend suggests no significant difference in union rates between autograft or BMP-2 with allograft, with comparable results to each other in all measurable end-points.

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural compound extracted from the black seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. be... more Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural compound extracted from the black seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. TQ exhibits anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities against various cancers. Many therapeutics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatments, such as doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (DDP), exhibit considerable side effects on patients. We investigated cytotoxic effects of TQ, alone or in combination with DDP and DOX to HCC cells. TQ exhibited selective killing to HCC HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells, but relatively low toxicity to normal liver HL-7702 cells. Importantly, when used with DOX or DDP, TQ showed synergistic inhibition of HCC cells, but not HL-7702 cells. We also discovered that Hep3B cells with a p53 null status were more sensitive to TQ than HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells harboring wild type p53. Consistently, shRNA-mediated p53 silencing in HepG2 cells dramatically enhanced TQ-induced apoptosis, measured by caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. Furthermore, TQ-stimulated increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in p53-depleted cells was more pronounced than that in cells with intact p53. In summary, we discovered that TQ synergistically improves the anti-cancer activity of DOX and DDP, and loss of p53 sensitizes HCC cells to TQ-induced apoptosis.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This study aimed to investigate the contamination of drinking water sources with potentially toxi... more This study aimed to investigate the contamination of drinking water sources with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) together with some hydrochemical characteristics in the highly populated industrial zone of Pakistan. For this purpose, drinking ( n = 40) and surface ( n = 20) water samples were collected and analyzed for PTM using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS, PerkinElmer-700, USA). The metals, including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn), showed significantly ( p = 0.05) higher concentrations than their respective limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011 ) in drinking water. The chronic daily intake (CDI) and human hazard quotient (HQ) were also evaluated. The highest daily intake through drinking water consumption was found for Ni (4.3 μg/kg/day), while lowest for Cd (0.25 μg/kg/day). The highest hazard quotient values were found for Cd (0.33) and Ni (0.29) that could be attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. Higher CDI and HQ values of Ni and Cd may cause chronic human health problems. According to the Chadha Piper diagram, the hydrochemical facies distribution indicated that water trend in the study area followed an order such as follows: Ca–Mg–Cl < Na–Cl < Ca–HCO 3 < Na–HCO 3 . Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the elevated levels of PTM were attributed to industrial wastewater discharge. This study provides baseline information for policy makers and the effective management of water in populated industrialized zone.

Fluoride prevalence in groundwater around a fluorite mining area in the flood plain of the River Swat, Pakistan, 2018

This study investigated the fluoride (F −) concentrations and physicochemical parameters of the g... more This study investigated the fluoride (F −) concentrations and physicochemical parameters of the groundwater in a fluorite mining area of the flood plain region of the River Swat, with particular emphasis on the fate and distribution of F − and the hydrogeochemistry. To better understand the groundwater hydrochemical profile and F − enrichment, groundwater samples (n = 53) were collected from shallow (24-40 m), mid-depth (48-65 m) and deep (85-120 m) aquifers, and then analysed using an ion-selective electrode. The lowest F − concentration (0.7 mg/L) was recorded in the deep-aquifer groundwater, while the highest (6.4 mg/L) was recorded in shallow groundwater. Most groundwater samples (62.2%) exceeded the guideline (1.5 mg/L) set by the World Health Organization (WHO); while for individual sources, 73% of shallow-groundwater samples (F − concentration up to 6.4 mg/L), 42% of mid-depth-groundwater samples, and 17% of deep-groundwater samples had F − concentrations that exceeded this permissible limit. Assessment of the overall quality of the groundwater revealed influences of the weathering of granite and gneisses rocks, along with silicate minerals and ion exchange processes.