Shah Khan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shah Khan

Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2007

Here is reported a 14-year-old boy with spinal tuberculosis. The imaging features were suggestive... more Here is reported a 14-year-old boy with spinal tuberculosis. The imaging features were suggestive of non hodgkin’s lymphoma with sparing of intervertebral disc. The atypical imaging features of spinal tuberculosis is discussed.

Fertility and Sterility, 2000

To investigate the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in luteinized granulos... more To investigate the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in luteinized granulosa cells works through Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and that depletion of Raf-1 by geldanamycin will inhibit the signaling pathway and cause apoptosis. Design: Laboratory study. Setting: University of Minnesota. Patient(s): Human luteinized granulosa cells from IVF patients. Intervention(s): The cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO), 0.5 M of geldanamycin, 10 ng/mL of EGF, and geldanamycin ϩ EGF. Main Outcome Measure(s): Radiochemical MAP kinase assay, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Result(s): Geldanamycin treatment depleted Raf-1 and lowered MAP kinase activity in luteinized granulosa cells. EGF treatment increased MAP kinase phosphorylation and translocation of the phosphorylated MAP kinase to the nucleus. Geldanamycin blocked this effect. Cleavage of caspase-3, the executioner protein in apoptosis, into an active 17 kD fragment was observed by Western blotting in geldanamycin-treated cells.

Growth factors may be involved in the control of ovarian cell fate and could contribute to regula... more Growth factors may be involved in the control of ovarian cell fate and could contribute to regulation of ovarian cell apoptosis. Our objective is to test the hypothesis that, in human luteinized granulosa cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) works through the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibition of EGF receptor by a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin 51, will inhibit the activation of MAPK and induce apoptosis. Luteinized granulosa cells from human in vitro fertilization aspirates were treated as follows: 1) vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide:ethanol), 2) EGF, 3) tyrphostin 51, and 4) tyrphostin 51 plus EGF. Blockage of EGF receptor by tyrphostin 51 reduced the MAPK activity and inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of activated MAPK. Blockage of EGF receptor also induced apoptosis as demonstrated by the activation of caspase-3, an executioner protease of the apoptotic pathway, and by an increased percentage of subdiploid apoptotic nuclei. These results support the hypothesis that in human luteinized granulosa cells, EGF works through the MAPK signaling pathway and that its inhibition by tyrphostin 51 inhibits MAPK phosphorylation and induces apoptotic nuclear changes. Our data thus provide additional information regarding regulation of apoptosis in luteinized granulosa cells.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1999

Our objective is to test the hypothesis that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase... more Our objective is to test the hypothesis that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) with PD98059 in human luteinized granulosa cells will block epidermal growth (EGF)-stimulated MAP kinase activity and induce apoptosis. Luteinized granulosa cells from human in vitro fertilization aspirates were cultured and treated with the following: (1) vehicle; (2) PD98059; (3) EGF; (4) PD98059 ؉ EGF. Treatment with PD98059 suppressed MAP kinase activity, inhibited MAP kinase phosphorylation by Western blot analysis, blocked nuclear translocation of phosphorylated MAP kinase by confocal microscopy, and increased percentages of subdiploid apoptotic nuclei by flow cytometry. Our data are the first evidence that a relationship may exist between the MAP kinase pathway and control of apoptosis in human luteinized granulosa cells. These results support the hypothesis that suppression of the MAP kinase pathway may lead to apoptosis in these cells.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2000

Apoptosis occurs as a physiologic process in the ovarian life cycle. Staurosporine, a protein kin... more Apoptosis occurs as a physiologic process in the ovarian life cycle. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, is reported to induce apoptosis. Here, we hypothesize that staurosporine will induce apoptosis in human luteinized granulosa cells and that mitochondria and the caspase cascade participate in this process. Luteinized granulosa cells isolated from in vitro fertilization patients were treated with staurosporine. Microscopy revealed that staurosporine treatment resulted in cells exhibiting evidence of apoptosis, including cell detachment, loss of cell processes, membrane shrinkage, and formation of apoptotic bodies. In the staurosporine-treated cells, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed a decrease in the mitochondrial cardiolipin levels. Western analysis showed cleavage of caspase-9, an initiator caspase, of caspase-3, an executioner caspase, and of a caspase substrate, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) in staurosporine-treated cells. These data support our hypothesis and that this is the first demonstration of the involvement of mitochondria and of cleavage of caspases in human luteinized granulosa cell apoptosis. This may serve as a useful model to delineate the mechanism of apoptosis in the ovary, such as corpus luteum regression.

Gynecologic Oncology, 2000

The cell surface complement regulatory (CReg) proteins CD46, CD55 and CD59 are widely distributed... more The cell surface complement regulatory (CReg) proteins CD46, CD55 and CD59 are widely distributed on human leucocytes and protect against complement-mediated damage. To investigate heterogeneity in CReg protein expression by human natural killer (NK) cells, levels were assessed on resting and activated NK cell subsets identified phenotypically on the basis of expression of CD56 and CD158 markers. Levels of all three CReg proteins on CD56 + cells were lower than on T cells (p < 0.05). Freshly isolated CD56 bright cells expressed higher levels of CD55 than CD56 dim cells (p < 0.05). CD158a + cells expressed significantly lower levels of both CD46 and CD59, and CD158e + cells expressed significantly lower levels of CD46, than CD158a − CD158e − cells, respectively (both p < 0.05). Stimulation with PHA did not significantly alter NK cell surface CReg protein levels whereas, following culture with IL-2, CD46 and CD59 were decreased on both CD56 bright and CD56 dim subsets (p < 0.05). In the case of CD59, this was independent of T cells. Only CD46 was significantly downregulated on CD158b + (GL183 + ) and CD158e (NKB1 + ) subsets (p < 0.05). However, culture in IL-15 significantly increased levels of all three CReg proteins. These observations that CReg proteins are downregulated on certain NK cell subsets following activation with IL-2 are opposite to previous findings for other leucocyte subpopulations. Activated NK cells may instead use other strategies for protection against complement-mediated damage in a local inflammatory response.

Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat The Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. (peace be u... more Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat The Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. (peace be upon him) said: "If anyone travels on a road in search of knowledge, God will cause him to travel on one of the roads of Paradise. The angels will lower their wings in their great pleasure with one who seeks knowledge. The inhabitants of the heavens and the Earth and (even) the fish in the deep waters will ask forgiveness for the learned man. The superiority of the learned over the devout is like that of the moon, on the night when it is full, over the rest of the stars. The learned are the heirs of the Prophets, and the Prophets leave (no monetary inheritance), they leave only knowledge, and he who takes it takes an abundant portion. -From Abu-Dawood, Hadith 1631 Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat O'SWAT By Dr. Farrukh saleem O'swat, you have it all;virgin beauty,crystal river,green meadows.High mountains,valley bowls, alpine lakes and much more.Footprints of boddha,alexanders soldiers and jahangiri kings. O' swat, fourteen hundred stupas and monasteries.six thousand gold buddhas.cradle of buddhism;mahayana,hinayana and tantrayana. Then mahmud of ghazni,baber of ferghana and akber the great. O'swat your orchards fruit laden. Your landscapes flowers-decked. Your pashtuns hospitality,kohistanis tolerent and gujars friendly. O'swat, your walnut heights hotel, snow-capped peaks all around,you have hostory,culture and religion.himalayas,hindukush and karakrum. 11 11 DEDICATION Dedicated To my adorable parents They fed me when I was hungry, Gave me strength when weak, Protected me in danger, Taught me to walk on feet, Nursed me when hurt, Encouraged me when dejected And Helped me to live honourable In this world Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the most merciful and most compassionate, whose innumerable blessings enabled me to complete this task. All my tributes are to the holy prophet Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H) for enlighten our conscience, whose love is the only real achievement of my life. The credit of my research work really goes to my honorable supervisor.my Mr. Mohammad Alam, Lecturer Department of Tourism and Hospitality Hazara University, who guided and encouraged me in all the phases of report. I am also thankful to the faculty Mr Asad Raza, Mr Asif khan and Ms. Syeda Fizza and all my teachers from whom a got the knowledge and inspirations. I am also thankful to my parents and my relatives for their moral, financial support, who assisted me during my field report. Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat 2 PREFACE Department of Tourism& Hospitality, Hazara University is pioneer in Tourism & Hospitality higher education in the country. The department is offering The BA (Hons) & master's degree, Tourism and Hospitality course are requires to prepared and work in the Tourism and Hospitality related establishment for the given period of time, and to prepare an internship report based on the experience and skill getting, during the internship periods.I have selected to work as research on the field of tourism in swat Pakistan, in given topic (effect of terrorism on tourism in swat) to get the knowledge and skills required in the field.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2007

Here is reported a 14-year-old boy with spinal tuberculosis. The imaging features were suggestive... more Here is reported a 14-year-old boy with spinal tuberculosis. The imaging features were suggestive of non hodgkin’s lymphoma with sparing of intervertebral disc. The atypical imaging features of spinal tuberculosis is discussed.

Fertility and Sterility, 2000

To investigate the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in luteinized granulos... more To investigate the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in luteinized granulosa cells works through Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and that depletion of Raf-1 by geldanamycin will inhibit the signaling pathway and cause apoptosis. Design: Laboratory study. Setting: University of Minnesota. Patient(s): Human luteinized granulosa cells from IVF patients. Intervention(s): The cells were treated with vehicle (DMSO), 0.5 M of geldanamycin, 10 ng/mL of EGF, and geldanamycin ϩ EGF. Main Outcome Measure(s): Radiochemical MAP kinase assay, Western blotting, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry. Result(s): Geldanamycin treatment depleted Raf-1 and lowered MAP kinase activity in luteinized granulosa cells. EGF treatment increased MAP kinase phosphorylation and translocation of the phosphorylated MAP kinase to the nucleus. Geldanamycin blocked this effect. Cleavage of caspase-3, the executioner protein in apoptosis, into an active 17 kD fragment was observed by Western blotting in geldanamycin-treated cells.

Growth factors may be involved in the control of ovarian cell fate and could contribute to regula... more Growth factors may be involved in the control of ovarian cell fate and could contribute to regulation of ovarian cell apoptosis. Our objective is to test the hypothesis that, in human luteinized granulosa cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) works through the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibition of EGF receptor by a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin 51, will inhibit the activation of MAPK and induce apoptosis. Luteinized granulosa cells from human in vitro fertilization aspirates were treated as follows: 1) vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide:ethanol), 2) EGF, 3) tyrphostin 51, and 4) tyrphostin 51 plus EGF. Blockage of EGF receptor by tyrphostin 51 reduced the MAPK activity and inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of activated MAPK. Blockage of EGF receptor also induced apoptosis as demonstrated by the activation of caspase-3, an executioner protease of the apoptotic pathway, and by an increased percentage of subdiploid apoptotic nuclei. These results support the hypothesis that in human luteinized granulosa cells, EGF works through the MAPK signaling pathway and that its inhibition by tyrphostin 51 inhibits MAPK phosphorylation and induces apoptotic nuclear changes. Our data thus provide additional information regarding regulation of apoptosis in luteinized granulosa cells.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1999

Our objective is to test the hypothesis that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase... more Our objective is to test the hypothesis that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) with PD98059 in human luteinized granulosa cells will block epidermal growth (EGF)-stimulated MAP kinase activity and induce apoptosis. Luteinized granulosa cells from human in vitro fertilization aspirates were cultured and treated with the following: (1) vehicle; (2) PD98059; (3) EGF; (4) PD98059 ؉ EGF. Treatment with PD98059 suppressed MAP kinase activity, inhibited MAP kinase phosphorylation by Western blot analysis, blocked nuclear translocation of phosphorylated MAP kinase by confocal microscopy, and increased percentages of subdiploid apoptotic nuclei by flow cytometry. Our data are the first evidence that a relationship may exist between the MAP kinase pathway and control of apoptosis in human luteinized granulosa cells. These results support the hypothesis that suppression of the MAP kinase pathway may lead to apoptosis in these cells.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2000

Apoptosis occurs as a physiologic process in the ovarian life cycle. Staurosporine, a protein kin... more Apoptosis occurs as a physiologic process in the ovarian life cycle. Staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor, is reported to induce apoptosis. Here, we hypothesize that staurosporine will induce apoptosis in human luteinized granulosa cells and that mitochondria and the caspase cascade participate in this process. Luteinized granulosa cells isolated from in vitro fertilization patients were treated with staurosporine. Microscopy revealed that staurosporine treatment resulted in cells exhibiting evidence of apoptosis, including cell detachment, loss of cell processes, membrane shrinkage, and formation of apoptotic bodies. In the staurosporine-treated cells, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed a decrease in the mitochondrial cardiolipin levels. Western analysis showed cleavage of caspase-9, an initiator caspase, of caspase-3, an executioner caspase, and of a caspase substrate, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) in staurosporine-treated cells. These data support our hypothesis and that this is the first demonstration of the involvement of mitochondria and of cleavage of caspases in human luteinized granulosa cell apoptosis. This may serve as a useful model to delineate the mechanism of apoptosis in the ovary, such as corpus luteum regression.

Gynecologic Oncology, 2000

The cell surface complement regulatory (CReg) proteins CD46, CD55 and CD59 are widely distributed... more The cell surface complement regulatory (CReg) proteins CD46, CD55 and CD59 are widely distributed on human leucocytes and protect against complement-mediated damage. To investigate heterogeneity in CReg protein expression by human natural killer (NK) cells, levels were assessed on resting and activated NK cell subsets identified phenotypically on the basis of expression of CD56 and CD158 markers. Levels of all three CReg proteins on CD56 + cells were lower than on T cells (p < 0.05). Freshly isolated CD56 bright cells expressed higher levels of CD55 than CD56 dim cells (p < 0.05). CD158a + cells expressed significantly lower levels of both CD46 and CD59, and CD158e + cells expressed significantly lower levels of CD46, than CD158a − CD158e − cells, respectively (both p < 0.05). Stimulation with PHA did not significantly alter NK cell surface CReg protein levels whereas, following culture with IL-2, CD46 and CD59 were decreased on both CD56 bright and CD56 dim subsets (p < 0.05). In the case of CD59, this was independent of T cells. Only CD46 was significantly downregulated on CD158b + (GL183 + ) and CD158e (NKB1 + ) subsets (p < 0.05). However, culture in IL-15 significantly increased levels of all three CReg proteins. These observations that CReg proteins are downregulated on certain NK cell subsets following activation with IL-2 are opposite to previous findings for other leucocyte subpopulations. Activated NK cells may instead use other strategies for protection against complement-mediated damage in a local inflammatory response.

Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat The Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. (peace be u... more Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat The Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. (peace be upon him) said: "If anyone travels on a road in search of knowledge, God will cause him to travel on one of the roads of Paradise. The angels will lower their wings in their great pleasure with one who seeks knowledge. The inhabitants of the heavens and the Earth and (even) the fish in the deep waters will ask forgiveness for the learned man. The superiority of the learned over the devout is like that of the moon, on the night when it is full, over the rest of the stars. The learned are the heirs of the Prophets, and the Prophets leave (no monetary inheritance), they leave only knowledge, and he who takes it takes an abundant portion. -From Abu-Dawood, Hadith 1631 Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat O'SWAT By Dr. Farrukh saleem O'swat, you have it all;virgin beauty,crystal river,green meadows.High mountains,valley bowls, alpine lakes and much more.Footprints of boddha,alexanders soldiers and jahangiri kings. O' swat, fourteen hundred stupas and monasteries.six thousand gold buddhas.cradle of buddhism;mahayana,hinayana and tantrayana. Then mahmud of ghazni,baber of ferghana and akber the great. O'swat your orchards fruit laden. Your landscapes flowers-decked. Your pashtuns hospitality,kohistanis tolerent and gujars friendly. O'swat, your walnut heights hotel, snow-capped peaks all around,you have hostory,culture and religion.himalayas,hindukush and karakrum. 11 11 DEDICATION Dedicated To my adorable parents They fed me when I was hungry, Gave me strength when weak, Protected me in danger, Taught me to walk on feet, Nursed me when hurt, Encouraged me when dejected And Helped me to live honourable In this world Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the most merciful and most compassionate, whose innumerable blessings enabled me to complete this task. All my tributes are to the holy prophet Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H) for enlighten our conscience, whose love is the only real achievement of my life. The credit of my research work really goes to my honorable supervisor.my Mr. Mohammad Alam, Lecturer Department of Tourism and Hospitality Hazara University, who guided and encouraged me in all the phases of report. I am also thankful to the faculty Mr Asad Raza, Mr Asif khan and Ms. Syeda Fizza and all my teachers from whom a got the knowledge and inspirations. I am also thankful to my parents and my relatives for their moral, financial support, who assisted me during my field report. Research report on effect of terrorism on tourism in swat 2 PREFACE Department of Tourism& Hospitality, Hazara University is pioneer in Tourism & Hospitality higher education in the country. The department is offering The BA (Hons) & master's degree, Tourism and Hospitality course are requires to prepared and work in the Tourism and Hospitality related establishment for the given period of time, and to prepare an internship report based on the experience and skill getting, during the internship periods.I have selected to work as research on the field of tourism in swat Pakistan, in given topic (effect of terrorism on tourism in swat) to get the knowledge and skills required in the field.