Shahab Khan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shahab Khan
Nature Physics
Stars are giant thermonuclear plasma furnaces that slowly fuse the lighter elements in the univer... more Stars are giant thermonuclear plasma furnaces that slowly fuse the lighter elements in the universe into heavier elements, releasing energy, and generating the pressure required to prevent collapse. To understand stars, we must rely on nuclear reaction rate data obtained, up to now, under conditions very di erent from those of stellar cores. Here we show thermonuclear measurements of the 2 H(d,n) 3 He and 3 H(t,2n) 4 He S-factors at a range of densities (1.2-16 g cm −3) and temperatures (2.1-5.4 keV) that allow us to test the conditions of the hydrogen-burning phase of main-sequence stars. The relevant conditions are created using inertial-confinement fusion implosions at the National Ignition Facility. Our data agree within uncertainty with previous accelerator-based measurements and establish this approach for future experiments to measure other reactions and to test plasma-nuclear e ects present in stellar interiors, such as plasma electron screening, directly in the environments where they occur.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Cureus
Mesenteric panniculitis is an idiopathic, localized inflammation involving the adipose tissue of ... more Mesenteric panniculitis is an idiopathic, localized inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the small bowel mesentery. The association of mesenteric panniculitis with malignancy, predominantly lymphomas, has been widely reported in the medical literature. In this review article, we will discuss the clinical guidelines in the diagnosis and management of mesenteric panniculitis and the clinical association between mesenteric panniculitis and malignancies.
Cureus
Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis E, though rare, are being increasingly reported in the m... more Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis E, though rare, are being increasingly reported in the medical literature. In this review article, we will discuss the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, pancreatitis, and cryoglobulinemia, their clinical association with hepatitis E, and their management.
Cureus
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection is associated with higher mortality in liver cirrh... more Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection is associated with higher mortality in liver cirrhosis. This literature review discusses the risk factors associated with increased mortality in patients with C. difficile infection in liver cirrhosis. This literature review also highlights the importance of selecting antibiotics wisely, carefully selecting patients who are candidates for antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis and avoiding unnecessary proton pump inhibitors in liver cirrhosis.
Physics of Plasmas
A new hohlraum geometry or "Frustraum" is proposed that may enable 2-3× higher capsule absorbed x... more A new hohlraum geometry or "Frustraum" is proposed that may enable 2-3× higher capsule absorbed x-ray energy than for nominally-sized capsules in standard cylinders. The Frustraum geometry comprises two truncated conical halves (or "frusta") joined at the waist. An associated larger waist volume above the capsule allows fielding ~50% larger capsules than the nominal 1 mm scale. A key feature of the Frustraum is that the outer laser cones strike the Frustraum ends at a higher glancing angle (by ~23°) compared with a cylinder and generate more specular reflection. A scenario for boosted symmetry control from the outer cones reflecting off a glancing angle hohlraum wall depends on the choice of electron flux limit in the simulations. Recent data from the National Ignition Facility using oversized aluminum shells in rugby-shaped hohlraums [Ping et al., Nature Phys. (
BMJ Case Reports
A 57-year-old man who was hypotensive at induction of anaesthesia was having intermittent episode... more A 57-year-old man who was hypotensive at induction of anaesthesia was having intermittent episodes of hypotension after an uncomplicated and relatively bloodless open inguinal hernia repair of a large left-sided hernia . His hypotension was responsive to small fluid boluses. He did not show any tachycardia, had no abdominal pain, no signs of bruising or bleeding in his abdomen, flanks, or scrotum. Remained clinically well and alert throughout until being transferred to a tertiary centre. Eventually became haemodynamically unstable approximately 6 hours postoperatively. CT angiogram showed a large haemoperitoneum with active bleeding. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed an actively bleeding inferior epigastric artery which was stopped. The patient received 2 units of red blood cells and made a full recovery.
AME case reports, 2018
Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to true sporadic synchronous parathyroid cancer (PTCa) and ... more Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to true sporadic synchronous parathyroid cancer (PTCa) and adenoma (PTa) is rare. This is a case of an 80-year-old female admitted with symptomatic hypercalcaemia, raised serum calcium (Ca) of 3.39 mmol/L and raised parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 44.3 pmol/L. Ultrasonic evaluation of the neck revealed a mass posterior to the right thyroid lobe. Imaging of the left neck was unremarkable. Subsequent sesta-MIBI and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) scanning highlighted conspicuous activity over the right lower neck consistent with the neck ultrasound scan findings. Pre-operatively, PTa was suspected. Intra-operatively, malignancy was suspected due to infiltration of the parathyroid tumour into the thyroid. The right inferior parathyroid and right thyroid gland were resected. Histology confirmed PTCa. Despite surgical treatment, she was found to have persistently high Ca and PTH levels. Further investigation wit...
International journal of circumpolar health, Dec 1, 2018
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of new cases of blindness and is pandemic among Abo... more Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of new cases of blindness and is pandemic among Aboriginal people around the world. To reduce health inequities, accessible vision screening among these high-risk populations is essential. To assess cardio-metabolic co-morbidities associated with type 2 diabetes and the use of a portable fundus camera as a novel approach for convenient, earlier and more accessible vision screening for Aboriginal peoples living with type 2 diabetes in northern and remote Canadian communities. This quantitative pilot study screened participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for commonly associated cardio-metabolic co-morbidities using anthropometrical measurements, blood pressure and a A1c (HbA1c) blood glucose test, followed by vision exams conducted first by a trained nurse and then by an ophthalmologist to screen for signs of retinopathy using fundus photography. Large numbers of the participants presented with overweight/obese (84.8%), pre-hypertensio...
Chinese Business Review
The Impacts of External Debt on Economic Growth in Transition Economies * One of the economic pro... more The Impacts of External Debt on Economic Growth in Transition Economies * One of the economic problems in developing countries is the debt problem. It is clear that, the remainder of revenue after consumption is named as savings and these residuals are canalized to the investment. Consequently, more revenues and employments are created by canalizing more savings to the investments. On the other hand, because of insufficient domestic economic resources and less tendency of saving, countries have difficulties to finance economic development especially in the less developed and developing countries. Hence, investments not provided by domestic sources sufficiently are necessary to accelerate economic growth in developing countries. The more need of investment is quite increasing the need for external debts also (Bilginoglu & Aysu, 2008, p. 2). Even domestic saving rates are high enough, requirement of foreign exchange is still inevitable because of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
International journal of surgery (London, England), Mar 3, 2017
Traditionally few students have had the opportunity to contribute to high-quality clinical resear... more Traditionally few students have had the opportunity to contribute to high-quality clinical research. Over the last five years, collaborative networks have empowered students and trainees to participate in high-impact multicentre studies that have potential to change clinical practice and improve patient care. The UK Foundation Programme Application System (FPAS) should recognise the significant contributions of students participating in collaborative studies when ranking final year medical students applying for the Foundation Programme, encouraging a culture of positive engagement with audit and research. Postgraduate research collaboratives are regional and national networks of trainees who work together to run prospective multicentre research which identify and address areas of practice where there is a need for research for patient benefit [1]. For example, the National Sepsis Audit investigated the care of emergency general surgery patients, finding that whilst sepsis is a common presentation, adherence to severe sepsis guidelines is incomplete in the majority of patients [2]. Similarly, the National Appendicectomy Audit found wide variation in the care and outcomes of patients undergoing appendicectomy, challenging surgeons to evaluate their outcomes more closely [3]. Trainee collaboratives have also run randomised controlled trials, such as Reinforcement of Closure of Stoma Site, a trial testing a novel surgical intervention; prophylactic biological mesh to prevent incisional hernia following stoma closure [4]. Inspired by the well-established postgraduate trainee research collaborative model, Student Audit and Research in Surgery (STARSurg; www.starsurg.org) is a student-driven, national research network across the UK and Ireland. Founded in 2013, it aims to engage students in multicentre research studies early in their career, embedding clinical research as a fundamental part of their future evidence-based medical practice.
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2015
48 Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of poorly permeable chemothe... more 48 Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of poorly permeable chemotherapeutic agents with electroporation. It has been shown to be effective when compared with other treatments. This study assessed how breast cancer patients were benefited and identified potential problems at a designated treatment centre. This was a single centre prospective study of patients with cutaneous metastases from breast cancer. Patients who fulfilled NICE UK (National Institute Of Clinical Excellence) and local guidelines were treated. Gabapentin was given prior to general anaesthesia. Intravenous Bleomycin 15,000IU/m2 was given as a bolus. Treatment was commenced 8 minutes later with Cliniporator. Electrical pulses were delivered via an electrode inserted through the skin surface. Treatment response, disease progression free duration, post-operative pain and length of in-patient stay (LOS) were recorded. Patients recorded a symptom diary post treatment. 20 treatments were perf...
Nature Physics
Stars are giant thermonuclear plasma furnaces that slowly fuse the lighter elements in the univer... more Stars are giant thermonuclear plasma furnaces that slowly fuse the lighter elements in the universe into heavier elements, releasing energy, and generating the pressure required to prevent collapse. To understand stars, we must rely on nuclear reaction rate data obtained, up to now, under conditions very di erent from those of stellar cores. Here we show thermonuclear measurements of the 2 H(d,n) 3 He and 3 H(t,2n) 4 He S-factors at a range of densities (1.2-16 g cm −3) and temperatures (2.1-5.4 keV) that allow us to test the conditions of the hydrogen-burning phase of main-sequence stars. The relevant conditions are created using inertial-confinement fusion implosions at the National Ignition Facility. Our data agree within uncertainty with previous accelerator-based measurements and establish this approach for future experiments to measure other reactions and to test plasma-nuclear e ects present in stellar interiors, such as plasma electron screening, directly in the environments where they occur.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
Cureus
Mesenteric panniculitis is an idiopathic, localized inflammation involving the adipose tissue of ... more Mesenteric panniculitis is an idiopathic, localized inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the small bowel mesentery. The association of mesenteric panniculitis with malignancy, predominantly lymphomas, has been widely reported in the medical literature. In this review article, we will discuss the clinical guidelines in the diagnosis and management of mesenteric panniculitis and the clinical association between mesenteric panniculitis and malignancies.
Cureus
Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis E, though rare, are being increasingly reported in the m... more Extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis E, though rare, are being increasingly reported in the medical literature. In this review article, we will discuss the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, pancreatitis, and cryoglobulinemia, their clinical association with hepatitis E, and their management.
Cureus
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection is associated with higher mortality in liver cirrh... more Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection is associated with higher mortality in liver cirrhosis. This literature review discusses the risk factors associated with increased mortality in patients with C. difficile infection in liver cirrhosis. This literature review also highlights the importance of selecting antibiotics wisely, carefully selecting patients who are candidates for antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver cirrhosis and avoiding unnecessary proton pump inhibitors in liver cirrhosis.
Physics of Plasmas
A new hohlraum geometry or "Frustraum" is proposed that may enable 2-3× higher capsule absorbed x... more A new hohlraum geometry or "Frustraum" is proposed that may enable 2-3× higher capsule absorbed x-ray energy than for nominally-sized capsules in standard cylinders. The Frustraum geometry comprises two truncated conical halves (or "frusta") joined at the waist. An associated larger waist volume above the capsule allows fielding ~50% larger capsules than the nominal 1 mm scale. A key feature of the Frustraum is that the outer laser cones strike the Frustraum ends at a higher glancing angle (by ~23°) compared with a cylinder and generate more specular reflection. A scenario for boosted symmetry control from the outer cones reflecting off a glancing angle hohlraum wall depends on the choice of electron flux limit in the simulations. Recent data from the National Ignition Facility using oversized aluminum shells in rugby-shaped hohlraums [Ping et al., Nature Phys. (
BMJ Case Reports
A 57-year-old man who was hypotensive at induction of anaesthesia was having intermittent episode... more A 57-year-old man who was hypotensive at induction of anaesthesia was having intermittent episodes of hypotension after an uncomplicated and relatively bloodless open inguinal hernia repair of a large left-sided hernia . His hypotension was responsive to small fluid boluses. He did not show any tachycardia, had no abdominal pain, no signs of bruising or bleeding in his abdomen, flanks, or scrotum. Remained clinically well and alert throughout until being transferred to a tertiary centre. Eventually became haemodynamically unstable approximately 6 hours postoperatively. CT angiogram showed a large haemoperitoneum with active bleeding. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed an actively bleeding inferior epigastric artery which was stopped. The patient received 2 units of red blood cells and made a full recovery.
AME case reports, 2018
Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to true sporadic synchronous parathyroid cancer (PTCa) and ... more Primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to true sporadic synchronous parathyroid cancer (PTCa) and adenoma (PTa) is rare. This is a case of an 80-year-old female admitted with symptomatic hypercalcaemia, raised serum calcium (Ca) of 3.39 mmol/L and raised parathyroid hormone (PTH) of 44.3 pmol/L. Ultrasonic evaluation of the neck revealed a mass posterior to the right thyroid lobe. Imaging of the left neck was unremarkable. Subsequent sesta-MIBI and single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) scanning highlighted conspicuous activity over the right lower neck consistent with the neck ultrasound scan findings. Pre-operatively, PTa was suspected. Intra-operatively, malignancy was suspected due to infiltration of the parathyroid tumour into the thyroid. The right inferior parathyroid and right thyroid gland were resected. Histology confirmed PTCa. Despite surgical treatment, she was found to have persistently high Ca and PTH levels. Further investigation wit...
International journal of circumpolar health, Dec 1, 2018
Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of new cases of blindness and is pandemic among Abo... more Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of new cases of blindness and is pandemic among Aboriginal people around the world. To reduce health inequities, accessible vision screening among these high-risk populations is essential. To assess cardio-metabolic co-morbidities associated with type 2 diabetes and the use of a portable fundus camera as a novel approach for convenient, earlier and more accessible vision screening for Aboriginal peoples living with type 2 diabetes in northern and remote Canadian communities. This quantitative pilot study screened participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for commonly associated cardio-metabolic co-morbidities using anthropometrical measurements, blood pressure and a A1c (HbA1c) blood glucose test, followed by vision exams conducted first by a trained nurse and then by an ophthalmologist to screen for signs of retinopathy using fundus photography. Large numbers of the participants presented with overweight/obese (84.8%), pre-hypertensio...
Chinese Business Review
The Impacts of External Debt on Economic Growth in Transition Economies * One of the economic pro... more The Impacts of External Debt on Economic Growth in Transition Economies * One of the economic problems in developing countries is the debt problem. It is clear that, the remainder of revenue after consumption is named as savings and these residuals are canalized to the investment. Consequently, more revenues and employments are created by canalizing more savings to the investments. On the other hand, because of insufficient domestic economic resources and less tendency of saving, countries have difficulties to finance economic development especially in the less developed and developing countries. Hence, investments not provided by domestic sources sufficiently are necessary to accelerate economic growth in developing countries. The more need of investment is quite increasing the need for external debts also (Bilginoglu & Aysu, 2008, p. 2). Even domestic saving rates are high enough, requirement of foreign exchange is still inevitable because of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
International journal of surgery (London, England), Mar 3, 2017
Traditionally few students have had the opportunity to contribute to high-quality clinical resear... more Traditionally few students have had the opportunity to contribute to high-quality clinical research. Over the last five years, collaborative networks have empowered students and trainees to participate in high-impact multicentre studies that have potential to change clinical practice and improve patient care. The UK Foundation Programme Application System (FPAS) should recognise the significant contributions of students participating in collaborative studies when ranking final year medical students applying for the Foundation Programme, encouraging a culture of positive engagement with audit and research. Postgraduate research collaboratives are regional and national networks of trainees who work together to run prospective multicentre research which identify and address areas of practice where there is a need for research for patient benefit [1]. For example, the National Sepsis Audit investigated the care of emergency general surgery patients, finding that whilst sepsis is a common presentation, adherence to severe sepsis guidelines is incomplete in the majority of patients [2]. Similarly, the National Appendicectomy Audit found wide variation in the care and outcomes of patients undergoing appendicectomy, challenging surgeons to evaluate their outcomes more closely [3]. Trainee collaboratives have also run randomised controlled trials, such as Reinforcement of Closure of Stoma Site, a trial testing a novel surgical intervention; prophylactic biological mesh to prevent incisional hernia following stoma closure [4]. Inspired by the well-established postgraduate trainee research collaborative model, Student Audit and Research in Surgery (STARSurg; www.starsurg.org) is a student-driven, national research network across the UK and Ireland. Founded in 2013, it aims to engage students in multicentre research studies early in their career, embedding clinical research as a fundamental part of their future evidence-based medical practice.
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2015
48 Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of poorly permeable chemothe... more 48 Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of poorly permeable chemotherapeutic agents with electroporation. It has been shown to be effective when compared with other treatments. This study assessed how breast cancer patients were benefited and identified potential problems at a designated treatment centre. This was a single centre prospective study of patients with cutaneous metastases from breast cancer. Patients who fulfilled NICE UK (National Institute Of Clinical Excellence) and local guidelines were treated. Gabapentin was given prior to general anaesthesia. Intravenous Bleomycin 15,000IU/m2 was given as a bolus. Treatment was commenced 8 minutes later with Cliniporator. Electrical pulses were delivered via an electrode inserted through the skin surface. Treatment response, disease progression free duration, post-operative pain and length of in-patient stay (LOS) were recorded. Patients recorded a symptom diary post treatment. 20 treatments were perf...