Shaheer Khalid - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shaheer Khalid

Research paper thumbnail of Protecting IMSI from Fake Base Stations Exploitation and Spoofers Impersonation in 5G and Beyond Cellular Networks

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 2022

WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-ba... more WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-based, and low-cost end-to-end 4G/5G networks along with providing consultations on helping companies reduce their networks CAPEX/OPEX cost and determine which solutions are best suited for their needs and use cases. The Matlab simulation codes used to generate the results in this paper can be found at https://researcherstore.com ABSTRACT Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks require authenticated and fully secured transmissions between user devices and 5G base stations (gNodeB). In the current 5G technology standard, mobile devices cannot distinguish between a real and a fake base station (BS) by following the standard 5G security protocols. This vulnerability is a dangerous security issue identified in 5G cellular networks worldwide, where hackers and spoofers can easily impersonate or hack the valuable information of mobile users. Although 5G security protocols are enhanced to prevent such kinds of attacks, fake BSs still threaten the security of wireless communication networks. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is currently no security method available in the literature that can enable users to identify who is sending the connection request response. Thus, this can allow an attacker to intercept the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) easily in the clear. Therefore, in this work, we propose a novel hack-proof framework that can perfectly secure IMSI resulting in prevention against spoofing attacks. The proposed algorithm includes a user equipment device (UE) and a BS that communicate in the clear to securely authenticate each other in a TDD fashion. For simulation purposes, an OFDM transmission scheme is considered over a multipath wireless fading channel. The obtained results show that our proposed method works successfully without affecting the reliability of the transmitted bits compared to plain data transmission methods. More specifically, the performance results are shown to be similar to normal OFDM-based data transmission schemes conducted over general multipath fading channels, where no further degradation is caused. This indicates that the proposed method can effectively secure the IMSI of mobile user devices against active and passive attackers by providing a safe network connection between the communicating parties (UE and BS).

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Correct Findings of Abdominal Ultrasonography Compared with CT Scan in Detection of Solid Intra-Abdominal Visceral Injurie

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation ... more Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation of patients with BAT is a challenge. This study aimed to compare the USG & CT with regards the frequency of correct findings in the detection of solid intra-abdominal injuries. Objectives: To determine the frequency of correct findings of abdominal ultrasonography compared with CT scan in the detection of solid intra-abdominal visceral injuries. Methods: The study was carried out at Radiology Department Nishtar Hospital, Multan & Children Hospital Multan, Pakistan, for a duration of six months with Eighty-eight patients selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.83±14.02 years. There were 75(85.2%) male and 13(14.8%) female in the present study, respectively. Ultrasonography detected abdominal injury in 49(55.7%) patients while it was detected in 59(67%) patients by computed tomography scan. Abdominal injury detected by both ultr...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Correct Findings of Abdominal Ultrasonography Compared with CT Scan in Detection of Solid Intra-Abdominal Visceral Injuries M

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation ... more Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation of patients with BAT is a challenge. This study aimed to compare the USG & CT with regards the frequency of correct findings in the detection of solid intra-abdominal injuries. Objectives: To determine the frequency of correct findings of abdominal ultrasonography compared with CT scan in the detection of solid intra-abdominal visceral injuries. Methods: The study was carried out at Radiology Department Nishtar Hospital, Multan & Children Hospital Multan, Pakistan, for a duration of six months with Eighty-eight patients selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.83±14.02 years. There were 75(85.2%) male and 13(14.8%) female in the present study, respectively. Ultrasonography detected abdominal injury in 49(55.7%) patients while it was detected in 59(67%) patients by computed tomography scan. Abdominal injury detected by both ultr...

Research paper thumbnail of A New Enhanced Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Transmission Design for Cancelling Inter-cell Interference for Cell-Edge Users Using Superimposed Supporting Signals

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 2021

WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-ba... more WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-based, and low-cost end-to-end 4G/5G networks along with providing consultations on helping companies reduce their networks CAPEX/OPEX cost and determine which solutions are best suited for their needs and use cases.

Research paper thumbnail of A New MIMO Technique Utilizing Superimposed Auxiliary Signals for Simultaneously Achieving Spatial Multiplexing and Diversity Gains in MIMO-Aided Communication Systems

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 2021

Future wireless communication systems demand superior spectral efficiency, enhanced system reliab... more Future wireless communication systems demand superior spectral efficiency, enhanced system reliability, improved SNR gain, and better employment of power resources than currently deployed systems. In this work, we propose a new MIMO communication technique that can simultaneously provide multiplexing gain and diversity gain as well as reduce complexity and processing at the receiver side. The proposed system transceiver structure utilizes superimposed auxiliary signals that are designed based on the wireless channel characteristics to eliminate inter antenna interference as well as completely remove the channel effects at the receiver while providing low reception complexity. The efficiency and novelty of the proposed system are verified via extensive mathematical analysis and validated by numerical simulations. The obtained results indicate that the proposed new model achieves high throughput, enhanced reliability, improved connectivity, less complexity, and more efficient communic...

Research paper thumbnail of Protecting IMSI from Fake Base Stations Exploitation and Spoofers Impersonation in 5G and Beyond Cellular Networks

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 2022

WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-ba... more WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-based, and low-cost end-to-end 4G/5G networks along with providing consultations on helping companies reduce their networks CAPEX/OPEX cost and determine which solutions are best suited for their needs and use cases. The Matlab simulation codes used to generate the results in this paper can be found at https://researcherstore.com ABSTRACT Fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks require authenticated and fully secured transmissions between user devices and 5G base stations (gNodeB). In the current 5G technology standard, mobile devices cannot distinguish between a real and a fake base station (BS) by following the standard 5G security protocols. This vulnerability is a dangerous security issue identified in 5G cellular networks worldwide, where hackers and spoofers can easily impersonate or hack the valuable information of mobile users. Although 5G security protocols are enhanced to prevent such kinds of attacks, fake BSs still threaten the security of wireless communication networks. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there is currently no security method available in the literature that can enable users to identify who is sending the connection request response. Thus, this can allow an attacker to intercept the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) easily in the clear. Therefore, in this work, we propose a novel hack-proof framework that can perfectly secure IMSI resulting in prevention against spoofing attacks. The proposed algorithm includes a user equipment device (UE) and a BS that communicate in the clear to securely authenticate each other in a TDD fashion. For simulation purposes, an OFDM transmission scheme is considered over a multipath wireless fading channel. The obtained results show that our proposed method works successfully without affecting the reliability of the transmitted bits compared to plain data transmission methods. More specifically, the performance results are shown to be similar to normal OFDM-based data transmission schemes conducted over general multipath fading channels, where no further degradation is caused. This indicates that the proposed method can effectively secure the IMSI of mobile user devices against active and passive attackers by providing a safe network connection between the communicating parties (UE and BS).

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Correct Findings of Abdominal Ultrasonography Compared with CT Scan in Detection of Solid Intra-Abdominal Visceral Injurie

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation ... more Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation of patients with BAT is a challenge. This study aimed to compare the USG & CT with regards the frequency of correct findings in the detection of solid intra-abdominal injuries. Objectives: To determine the frequency of correct findings of abdominal ultrasonography compared with CT scan in the detection of solid intra-abdominal visceral injuries. Methods: The study was carried out at Radiology Department Nishtar Hospital, Multan & Children Hospital Multan, Pakistan, for a duration of six months with Eighty-eight patients selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.83±14.02 years. There were 75(85.2%) male and 13(14.8%) female in the present study, respectively. Ultrasonography detected abdominal injury in 49(55.7%) patients while it was detected in 59(67%) patients by computed tomography scan. Abdominal injury detected by both ultr...

Research paper thumbnail of Frequency of Correct Findings of Abdominal Ultrasonography Compared with CT Scan in Detection of Solid Intra-Abdominal Visceral Injuries M

Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation ... more Background: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) is very common, the prevalence being 12–15%. Evaluation of patients with BAT is a challenge. This study aimed to compare the USG & CT with regards the frequency of correct findings in the detection of solid intra-abdominal injuries. Objectives: To determine the frequency of correct findings of abdominal ultrasonography compared with CT scan in the detection of solid intra-abdominal visceral injuries. Methods: The study was carried out at Radiology Department Nishtar Hospital, Multan & Children Hospital Multan, Pakistan, for a duration of six months with Eighty-eight patients selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.83±14.02 years. There were 75(85.2%) male and 13(14.8%) female in the present study, respectively. Ultrasonography detected abdominal injury in 49(55.7%) patients while it was detected in 59(67%) patients by computed tomography scan. Abdominal injury detected by both ultr...

Research paper thumbnail of A New Enhanced Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) Transmission Design for Cancelling Inter-cell Interference for Cell-Edge Users Using Superimposed Supporting Signals

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 2021

WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-ba... more WISLAB (wislabi.com/solutions) offers solutions for building and deploying fully secure, cloud-based, and low-cost end-to-end 4G/5G networks along with providing consultations on helping companies reduce their networks CAPEX/OPEX cost and determine which solutions are best suited for their needs and use cases.

Research paper thumbnail of A New MIMO Technique Utilizing Superimposed Auxiliary Signals for Simultaneously Achieving Spatial Multiplexing and Diversity Gains in MIMO-Aided Communication Systems

RS Open Journal on Innovative Communication Technologies, 2021

Future wireless communication systems demand superior spectral efficiency, enhanced system reliab... more Future wireless communication systems demand superior spectral efficiency, enhanced system reliability, improved SNR gain, and better employment of power resources than currently deployed systems. In this work, we propose a new MIMO communication technique that can simultaneously provide multiplexing gain and diversity gain as well as reduce complexity and processing at the receiver side. The proposed system transceiver structure utilizes superimposed auxiliary signals that are designed based on the wireless channel characteristics to eliminate inter antenna interference as well as completely remove the channel effects at the receiver while providing low reception complexity. The efficiency and novelty of the proposed system are verified via extensive mathematical analysis and validated by numerical simulations. The obtained results indicate that the proposed new model achieves high throughput, enhanced reliability, improved connectivity, less complexity, and more efficient communic...