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Papers by Shaherzad Sohail

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of standardized, structured clinical case examination and traditional long-case examination for assessment of final-year medical students: a non-randomized control trial

BioMedica

Background and Objective: To improve the reliability and validity of assessment methods, it is al... more Background and Objective: To improve the reliability and validity of assessment methods, it is always required to revisit older modalities and introduce new ways to promote students’ engagement and learning. The objective of this study was to compare standardized, structured clinical case and traditional long-case examination systems for the evaluation of clinical competency of final-year medical students.Methods: A non-randomized control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics (Obs) and Gynecology (Gyne), Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2021 to 2022. All the final-year MBBS students were assessed by standardized, structured clinical case examination at the end of the clinical rotation of Gyne/Obs. Their scores were compared with the scores of previous year students who were examined by traditional long case at the end of the clinical rotation in the same discipline. The perceptions ofstudents and examiners were also obtained by using ...

Research paper thumbnail of O801 Do we really need to arrange blood for all patients undergoing C-section?

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship of Patterns of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding with Underlying Pathology

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2018

Background: To establish a co-relation between different underlying uterine etiologies, and type ... more Background: To establish a co-relation between different underlying uterine etiologies, and type of menstrual irregularities . Methods: In this cross-sectional study 100 non-gravid women of reproductive age with the complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding were randomly selected . Detailed history of the irregularity of menstrual pattern was taken. Examination and investigations were performed to establish the underlying cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. Correlation was drawn between types of abnormal uterine bleeding and underlying pathology. Results: Mean age of women was 38.3 years and mean haemoglobin was 8.92gm/dl. Heavy prolonged menstrual bleeding was the commonest (76%) complaint associated with leiomyoma (50 %), followed by endometrial causes (18.4 %) and adenomyosis (13.2%). Frequent menstrual bleeding in 24% was associated with ovarian (33%) and malignant causes (8.3%). Conclusion: Heavy and prolonged menstrual cycle has a significant relationship with benign organic path...

Research paper thumbnail of Perception of Fourth Year Medical Students on Task-Based Learning in Clinical Teaching

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2021

Background Clinical teaching is always challenging. Different teaching strategies are used for ef... more Background Clinical teaching is always challenging. Different teaching strategies are used for effective teaching and learning in a clinical environment. Task-based learning (TBL) is the teaching strategy where tasks are used for the learning of students. We conducted this study to explore student’s perceptions about Task-based learning. Method This descriptive study was carried out for the academic year 2019-2020 in Shalamar medical college Lahore.TBL taught 4th-year MBBS students during a clinical rotation in Gynae/Obs, and at the end of rotation, they were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding their perceptions about TBL. Results 87 students participated in the study. All the students agreed that TBL is an effective teaching approach, and they have a positive response towards TBL in clinical setting.85%students said TBL improve communication skills, 89.6% Said TBL provide the opportunity of direct encounter with patients, 71.2% find it helpful and informative and 40.2%said that...

Research paper thumbnail of Appropriate Gestational Age for Elective C-Section

Introduction: Timing of elective caesarean delivery is a relevant public health issue. Neonatal o... more Introduction: Timing of elective caesarean delivery is a relevant public health issue. Neonatal outcome is associated with the duration of gestation at the time of delivery. Rate of C-section is increasing worldwide even in USA it increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 31.1% in 2006. The objective to determine the appropriate age of gestation for elective C-Section in order to have good neonatal outcome and decrease perinatal morbidity. It is a cross sectional study that is retrospective. It will be carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore from March 2011 to Nov. 2011. Methodology: One hundred consecutive subjects who had elective C-Sections during the study period were included in the study. Gestation of pregnancy was correlated with the outcome of babies. The newborns were assessed by 5 minutes apgar score and by admission in neonatal unit. Results: In a total of 100 patients 9 had C-Section at 39 completed weeks and 47 had C-sections at 38 c...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of Lady Health Workers and their trainers about their curriculum for implementing the interventions identified for Essential Package of Health Services for Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background and Objectives: Lady Health Workers (LHWs) form the central cadre of community-based h... more Background and Objectives: Lady Health Workers (LHWs) form the central cadre of community-based health workers in Pakistan. They must be trained well for implementing community-based interventions identified for Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) by the government of Pakistan. This study aims to explore the perceptions of LHWs and their trainers about their existing curriculum and identifies gaps in the curriculum for effective implementation of the interventions identified in EPHS. Methods: In this qualitative study, perceptions of 45 LHWs were taken through focus group discussions and their six trainers were interviewed as well. In addition, three experts analyzed the LHWs training curriculum to identify its relevance with achieving the community-based interventions as described in the EPHS by the government of Pakistan. Results: Thematic analysis of the information gathered by the interviews of trainers and focus group discussions from LHWs, was performed. Most participa...

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy Outcome in a Thyroid Cancer Survivor

Background: Pregnancy after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rarely seen. Monitoring of such ... more Background: Pregnancy after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rarely seen. Monitoring of such pregnancy is very challenging as normal thyroxin levels are essential for satisfactory perinatal outcomes. Beside the effect of carcinoma, its surgery, radioactive iodine therapy and psychosocial factors need to be considered. Case Presentation: A 28 years old lady presented to Obstetrics/Gynecology outpatients department at 30 weeks for antenatal check-up of her first pregnancy in December 2018. Patients had papillary thyroid cancer in 2008, it was staged T2N1M1. She also had metastasis in cervical lymph nodes and lungs. It was treated by total thyroidectomy and para- thyroidectomy with bilateral neck dissection followed by two doses of radioactive iodine till 2011. She was followed up by her oncologist and they allowed her to conceive and continue pregnancy. Our patients had an uneventful pregnancy. She was delivered by caesarean section and the baby had to stay in neonatal unit for on...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of House Officers Working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department Regarding their Training

Background: House job is a challenging stage in doctor’s career in which they learn how to apply ... more Background: House job is a challenging stage in doctor’s career in which they learn how to apply knowledge which they have obtained from their medical school in practice. It is the social responsibility of the medical institute to train their doctor in a way to provide proper health care facilities to the society. Objectives: To explore perception and views of House Officers, posted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Shalamar Hospital regarding their training. Methods: A cross-sectional self –administered, question-based survey was conducted in department of obstetrics & gynaecology of Shalamar Hospital Lahore. The House Officers (Hos) posted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology were enrolled in the study from April 2017 to April 2019. Thematic analysis of the free comments was also performed. Results: A total of 55 house officers took part in the survey. Out of total 55, approximately 83% of HOs reported to be satisfied with their training while 11 % were not satisfi...

Research paper thumbnail of Pandemic of COVID-19 and Pregnancy

BioMedica

Background and Objective: Infectious disease outbreak caused by novel Coronavirus is a global pub... more Background and Objective: Infectious disease outbreak caused by novel Coronavirus is a global public health concern. In this pandemic, pregnant women are high risk population. Knowledge and data on the effect of this COVID-19 disease on pregnant females and their newborns is limited. Number of cases is increasing day by day. Aim of the current study was to provide evidence-based knowledge related to effects of Coronavirus on pregnancy to improve the understanding of the COVID-19 disease. Methods: This is a systematic review, carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The available published research data from January 1st 2020 to May 13th 2020, on the effects of Coronavirus in pregnancy was collected. On the basis of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines the articles in English were selected from electronic databases PubMed and Goggle scholar. Results: The information gathere...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of standardized, structured clinical case examination and traditional long-case examination for assessment of final-year medical students: a non-randomized control trial

BioMedica

Background and Objective: To improve the reliability and validity of assessment methods, it is al... more Background and Objective: To improve the reliability and validity of assessment methods, it is always required to revisit older modalities and introduce new ways to promote students’ engagement and learning. The objective of this study was to compare standardized, structured clinical case and traditional long-case examination systems for the evaluation of clinical competency of final-year medical students.Methods: A non-randomized control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics (Obs) and Gynecology (Gyne), Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2021 to 2022. All the final-year MBBS students were assessed by standardized, structured clinical case examination at the end of the clinical rotation of Gyne/Obs. Their scores were compared with the scores of previous year students who were examined by traditional long case at the end of the clinical rotation in the same discipline. The perceptions ofstudents and examiners were also obtained by using ...

Research paper thumbnail of O801 Do we really need to arrange blood for all patients undergoing C-section?

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Relationship of Patterns of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding with Underlying Pathology

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2018

Background: To establish a co-relation between different underlying uterine etiologies, and type ... more Background: To establish a co-relation between different underlying uterine etiologies, and type of menstrual irregularities . Methods: In this cross-sectional study 100 non-gravid women of reproductive age with the complaint of abnormal uterine bleeding were randomly selected . Detailed history of the irregularity of menstrual pattern was taken. Examination and investigations were performed to establish the underlying cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. Correlation was drawn between types of abnormal uterine bleeding and underlying pathology. Results: Mean age of women was 38.3 years and mean haemoglobin was 8.92gm/dl. Heavy prolonged menstrual bleeding was the commonest (76%) complaint associated with leiomyoma (50 %), followed by endometrial causes (18.4 %) and adenomyosis (13.2%). Frequent menstrual bleeding in 24% was associated with ovarian (33%) and malignant causes (8.3%). Conclusion: Heavy and prolonged menstrual cycle has a significant relationship with benign organic path...

Research paper thumbnail of Perception of Fourth Year Medical Students on Task-Based Learning in Clinical Teaching

Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College, 2021

Background Clinical teaching is always challenging. Different teaching strategies are used for ef... more Background Clinical teaching is always challenging. Different teaching strategies are used for effective teaching and learning in a clinical environment. Task-based learning (TBL) is the teaching strategy where tasks are used for the learning of students. We conducted this study to explore student’s perceptions about Task-based learning. Method This descriptive study was carried out for the academic year 2019-2020 in Shalamar medical college Lahore.TBL taught 4th-year MBBS students during a clinical rotation in Gynae/Obs, and at the end of rotation, they were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding their perceptions about TBL. Results 87 students participated in the study. All the students agreed that TBL is an effective teaching approach, and they have a positive response towards TBL in clinical setting.85%students said TBL improve communication skills, 89.6% Said TBL provide the opportunity of direct encounter with patients, 71.2% find it helpful and informative and 40.2%said that...

Research paper thumbnail of Appropriate Gestational Age for Elective C-Section

Introduction: Timing of elective caesarean delivery is a relevant public health issue. Neonatal o... more Introduction: Timing of elective caesarean delivery is a relevant public health issue. Neonatal outcome is associated with the duration of gestation at the time of delivery. Rate of C-section is increasing worldwide even in USA it increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 31.1% in 2006. The objective to determine the appropriate age of gestation for elective C-Section in order to have good neonatal outcome and decrease perinatal morbidity. It is a cross sectional study that is retrospective. It will be carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore from March 2011 to Nov. 2011. Methodology: One hundred consecutive subjects who had elective C-Sections during the study period were included in the study. Gestation of pregnancy was correlated with the outcome of babies. The newborns were assessed by 5 minutes apgar score and by admission in neonatal unit. Results: In a total of 100 patients 9 had C-Section at 39 completed weeks and 47 had C-sections at 38 c...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of Lady Health Workers and their trainers about their curriculum for implementing the interventions identified for Essential Package of Health Services for Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021

Background and Objectives: Lady Health Workers (LHWs) form the central cadre of community-based h... more Background and Objectives: Lady Health Workers (LHWs) form the central cadre of community-based health workers in Pakistan. They must be trained well for implementing community-based interventions identified for Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) by the government of Pakistan. This study aims to explore the perceptions of LHWs and their trainers about their existing curriculum and identifies gaps in the curriculum for effective implementation of the interventions identified in EPHS. Methods: In this qualitative study, perceptions of 45 LHWs were taken through focus group discussions and their six trainers were interviewed as well. In addition, three experts analyzed the LHWs training curriculum to identify its relevance with achieving the community-based interventions as described in the EPHS by the government of Pakistan. Results: Thematic analysis of the information gathered by the interviews of trainers and focus group discussions from LHWs, was performed. Most participa...

Research paper thumbnail of Pregnancy Outcome in a Thyroid Cancer Survivor

Background: Pregnancy after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rarely seen. Monitoring of such ... more Background: Pregnancy after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is rarely seen. Monitoring of such pregnancy is very challenging as normal thyroxin levels are essential for satisfactory perinatal outcomes. Beside the effect of carcinoma, its surgery, radioactive iodine therapy and psychosocial factors need to be considered. Case Presentation: A 28 years old lady presented to Obstetrics/Gynecology outpatients department at 30 weeks for antenatal check-up of her first pregnancy in December 2018. Patients had papillary thyroid cancer in 2008, it was staged T2N1M1. She also had metastasis in cervical lymph nodes and lungs. It was treated by total thyroidectomy and para- thyroidectomy with bilateral neck dissection followed by two doses of radioactive iodine till 2011. She was followed up by her oncologist and they allowed her to conceive and continue pregnancy. Our patients had an uneventful pregnancy. She was delivered by caesarean section and the baby had to stay in neonatal unit for on...

Research paper thumbnail of Perceptions of House Officers Working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department Regarding their Training

Background: House job is a challenging stage in doctor’s career in which they learn how to apply ... more Background: House job is a challenging stage in doctor’s career in which they learn how to apply knowledge which they have obtained from their medical school in practice. It is the social responsibility of the medical institute to train their doctor in a way to provide proper health care facilities to the society. Objectives: To explore perception and views of House Officers, posted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Shalamar Hospital regarding their training. Methods: A cross-sectional self –administered, question-based survey was conducted in department of obstetrics & gynaecology of Shalamar Hospital Lahore. The House Officers (Hos) posted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology were enrolled in the study from April 2017 to April 2019. Thematic analysis of the free comments was also performed. Results: A total of 55 house officers took part in the survey. Out of total 55, approximately 83% of HOs reported to be satisfied with their training while 11 % were not satisfi...

Research paper thumbnail of Pandemic of COVID-19 and Pregnancy

BioMedica

Background and Objective: Infectious disease outbreak caused by novel Coronavirus is a global pub... more Background and Objective: Infectious disease outbreak caused by novel Coronavirus is a global public health concern. In this pandemic, pregnant women are high risk population. Knowledge and data on the effect of this COVID-19 disease on pregnant females and their newborns is limited. Number of cases is increasing day by day. Aim of the current study was to provide evidence-based knowledge related to effects of Coronavirus on pregnancy to improve the understanding of the COVID-19 disease. Methods: This is a systematic review, carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore. The available published research data from January 1st 2020 to May 13th 2020, on the effects of Coronavirus in pregnancy was collected. On the basis of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines the articles in English were selected from electronic databases PubMed and Goggle scholar. Results: The information gathere...