Shahriar Ahmed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shahriar Ahmed

Indian Journal of Skin Allergy

The four Janus Kinase (JAK) proteins and seven signal transducer and activator of transcription (... more The four Janus Kinase (JAK) proteins and seven signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) factors mediate the intracellular signaling pathway of cytokine receptors, which are described in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory dermatoses. The development of targeted small-molecule therapies like JAK inhibitors has enabled a paradigm shift in the treatment of various cutaneous disorders. JAK inhibitors are effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, alopecia areata, psoriasis, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, mastocytosis, etc. Various blood parameters include complete blood count, liver, and renal function, the viral marker to be checked and tuberculosis to be ruled out before starting the therapy. There is a risk of acquiring serious infections such as upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, reactivation of latent tuberculosis, opportunistic infections, hepatitis B virus reactivation, and alteration of ...

The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

BACKGROUND: TB was the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen globally between ... more BACKGROUND: TB was the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen globally between 2014 and 2019. Fine-scale estimates of TB prevalence and case notifications can be combined to guide priority-setting for strengthening routine surveillance activities in high-burden countries. We produce policy-relevant estimates of the TB epidemic at the second administrative unit in Bangladesh.METHODS: We used a Bayesian spatial framework and the cross-sectional National TB Prevalence Survey from 2015–2016 in Bangladesh to estimate prevalence by district. We used case notifications to calculate prevalence-to-notification ratio, a key metric of under-diagnosis and under-reporting.RESULTS: TB prevalence rates were highest in the north-eastern districts and ranged from 160 cases per 100,000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 80–310) in Jashore to 840 (UI 690–1020) in Sunamganj. Despite moderate prevalence rates, the Rajshahi and Dhaka Divisions presented the highest prevalence-to-notificatio...

Indian Journal of Skin Allergy, 2022

Objectives: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as short lived (< 24h) wheals occur... more Objectives: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as short lived (< 24h) wheals occurring spontaneously without any triggering factors, daily or almost daily for at least 6 weeks. Though CSU is mainly a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, earlier studies suggested contact allergy may have some role to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of CSU. The objective of the study is to find out the relevance of patch test in the etiopathogenesis of and its correlation with serum IgE level. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients of CSU were thoroughly evaluated for clinical and laboratory parameters. We conducted patch testing with Indian Standard Series (ISS) in all of them and tried to find out the relevance of every positive reaction. Relevant positive cases were asked to avoid exposure for 2 months and were maintained only in breakthrough antihistamines. Furthermore, correlation of positive patch test reaction with high IgE and eosinophil count were studied. Resul...

ArXiv, 2020

Powered by artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep neural networks, computer aided detect... more Powered by artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep neural networks, computer aided detection (CAD) tools can be trained to recognize TB-related abnormalities on chest radiographs, thereby screening large numbers of people and reducing the pressure on healthcare professionals. Addressing the lack of studies comparing the performance of different products, we evaluated five AI software platforms specific to TB: CAD4TB (v6), InferReadDR (v2), Lunit INSIGHT for Chest Radiography (v4.9.0) , JF CXR-1 (v2) by and qXR (v3) by on an unseen dataset of chest X-rays collected in three TB screening center in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The 23,566 individuals included in the study all received a CXR read by a group of three Bangladeshi board-certified radiologists. A sample of CXRs were re-read by US board-certified radiologists. Xpert was used as the reference standard. All five AI platforms significantly outperformed the human readers. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves...

PLOS ONE, 2021

Background In recent non-pandemic periods, tuberculosis (TB) has been the leading killer worldwid... more Background In recent non-pandemic periods, tuberculosis (TB) has been the leading killer worldwide from a single infectious disease. Patients with DM are three times more likely to develop active TB and poor treatment outcomes. Single glycemic measurements at TB diagnosis may inaccurately diagnose or mischaracterize DM severity. Data are limited regarding glycemic dynamics from TB diagnosis through treatment. Methods Prospective study of glycemia dynamics in response to TB treatment measured glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients presenting to TB screening centres in Bangladesh to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hyperglycemia before and at TB treatment completion. Results 429 adults with active TB disease were enrolled and divided into groups based on history of DM and initial HbA1c range: normoglycemia, prediabetes, and DM. DM was diagnosed in 37%. At treatment completion,14(6%) patients from the normoglycemia and prediabetes groups had HbA1c>6.5%, thus increa...

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2020

Background The World Health Organization recommends the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for diagnosing ... more Background The World Health Organization recommends the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children. Though stool is a potential alternative to respiratory specimens among children, the diagnostic performance of Xpert Ultra on stool is unknown. Thus, we assessed the diagnostic performance of Xpert Ultra on stool to diagnose PTB in children. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among consecutively recruited children (< 15 years of age) with presumptive PTB admitted in 4 tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January 2018 and April 2019. Single induced sputum and stool specimens were subjected to culture, Xpert, and Xpert Ultra. We considered children as bacteriologically confirmed on induced sputum if any test performed on induced sputum was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacteriologically confirmed if M. tuberculosis was detected on either induced sputum or stool. Results Of 447 children, 29 (6.5%) were bac...

PLOS ONE, 2020

Background In Bangladesh, about 80% of healthcare is provided by the private sector. Although fre... more Background In Bangladesh, about 80% of healthcare is provided by the private sector. Although free diagnosis and care is offered in the public sector, only half of the estimated number of people with tuberculosis are diagnosed, treated, and notified to the national program. Private sector engagement strategies often have been small scale and time limited. We evaluated a Social Enterprise Model combining external funding and income generation at three tuberculosis screening centres across the Dhaka Metropolitan Area for diagnosing and treating tuberculosis. Methods and findings The model established three tuberculosis screening centres across Dhaka Metropolitan Area that carried the icddr,b brand and offered free Xpert MTB/RIF tests to patients visiting the screening centres for subsidized, digital chest radiographs from April 2014 to December 2017. A network of private and public health care providers, and community recommendation was formed for patient referral. No financial incent...

With an increasing fatality rate, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ha... more With an increasing fatality rate, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a promising threat to human health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of theCoronaviridaefamily, which is transmitted from animal to human and because of being contagious, further it transmitted human to human. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) as a global pandemic. But, no specific medications are available for the treatment of COVID-19 so far. As a corollary, there is a need for a potential vaccine to impede the progression of the disease. Lately, it has been documented that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral replication as well as interferes with host immune responses. We have comparatively analyzed the sequences of N protein of SARS-CoV-2 for the identification of core attributes and analyzed the ancestry through p...

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020

Background: Data are scarce regarding the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among tuberculosis... more Background: Data are scarce regarding the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Bangladesh. This study was undertaken to estimate the number needed to screen (NNS) to identify a case of DM among those with TB symptoms and those with confirmed TB disease, and to identify factors predicting treatment outcomes of TB patients with and without DM. Methods: Persons attending public-private model screening centres in urban Dhaka for the evaluation of TB were offered free blood glucose testing in addition to computer-aided chest X-ray and sputum Xpert MTB/RIF. Results: Among 7647 people evaluated for both TB and DM, the NNS was 35 (95% confidence interval (CI) 31-40) to diagnose one new case of DM; among those diagnosed with TB, the NNS was 21 (95% CI 17-29). Among those with diagnosed TB, patients with DM were more likely to have cavitation on chest X-ray compared to those without DM (31% vs 22%). Treatment failure (odds ratio (OR) 18.9, 95% CI 5.43-65.9) and death (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.11-3.90) were more common among TB patients with DM than among TB patients without DM. DM was the most important predictor of a poor treatment outcome in the classification analysis for TB patients aged 39 years and above. Conclusions: A considerable burden of DM was found among patients accessing TB diagnostics through a public-private model in urban Bangladesh, and DM was associated with advanced TB disease and a high rate of poor treatment outcome.

The International Journal of Artificial Organs, 2003

To reduce cellular damage by pronuclear microinjection and nuclear transfer, we have recently dev... more To reduce cellular damage by pronuclear microinjection and nuclear transfer, we have recently developed a vibratory microinjection method. A micropipette was fixed to a piezoelectric ceramic with a resonance frequency of 70 kHz. When this micropipette was vibrated, it easily entered a mouse-fertilized egg without any sharp depression of the cell body, whereas a sharp, deep depression at the insertion site was observed when the micropipette was not vibrated. A depression rate defined as a rate of a depth of depression over an original cell diameter was utilized as an index of cellular deformation. The depression rates with and without vibration were 11.1 ± 5.2% (N = 24) and 40.4 ± 8.8% (N = 16), respectively (P < 0.0001, Student's t-test). In conclusion, the vibratory microinjection method is a new, useful option for gene transfer because it resulted in much less cellular deformation, therefore implicating less cellular damage.

Clinical laboratory, 2017

Increased production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis that acts th... more Increased production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis that acts through its receptor, IL-6R (interleukin 6 receptor). Various single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL6R gene conferring susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis have been identified in various populations yet these associations have not been fully established. The present study was pursued with the aim to evaluate a possible association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2228145, rs4537545, rs4845617) of the IL6R gene and rheumatoid arthritis in Pakistani patients. For this purpose, we recruited 60 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and 60 healthy age and gender matched controls. Blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Sanger DNA sequencing was performed to evaluate the SNPs in IL6R and the data were statistically evaluated using chi-square test. Results of our study indicated that rs2228145 and rs4845617 were significantly associated with rheumatoid art...

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2017

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious obstacle to successful TB control. The 201... more Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious obstacle to successful TB control. The 2010-2011 Bangladesh Drug Resistance Survey (DRS) showed MDR-TB prevalence to be 7% overall, 1.4% in new and 28.5% in previously treated patients. We aimed to determine the rate of MDR-TB in selected sentinel sites in Bangladesh. Fourteen hospitals from the seven divisions in Bangladesh were selected as sentinel surveillance sites. Newly registered TB patients were systematically enrolled from August 2011 to December 2014. Sputum specimens were processed for culture and drug susceptibility testing by the proportion method using Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Specimens from 1906 (84%) of 2270 enrolled patients were analysed. Isolates from 61 (3.2%) were identified as having MDR-TB. The proportion of MDR-TB was 2.3% among new and 13.8% among previously treated TB patients (P < 0.001). The overall proportion of MDR-TB was 3.2%:3.5% in males and 2.3% in females; by age, the MDR-TB rate was highes...

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 2013

Fexofenadine HCl immediate release tablets were designed to increase the dissolution rate by usin... more Fexofenadine HCl immediate release tablets were designed to increase the dissolution rate by using superdisintegrants. Different formulations of Fexofenadine HCl were prepared by direct compression method. These formulations were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, and in vitro dissolution study. The drug release from the formulations were studied according to USP specification (USP paddle method at 50 rpm for 60 minutes) maintaining the temperature to 37°C. Sodium starch glycolate, cross carmellose sodium, crospovidone (kollidon CL), ludiflash and xanthan gum were used in 3%, 6% and 8% concentrations as superdisintegrants. Thus, the ratio of superdisintegrants was changed whereas all the other excipients as well as the active drug (Fexofenadine HCl) remained same in every formulation. Here, 0.001N HCl was used as dissolution medium according to USP and absorbances were determined by using UV spectrophotometer at 217 nm. The F-3 and ...

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2013

Given the increases in drug-resistant tuberculosis, laboratory capacities for drug susceptibility... more Given the increases in drug-resistant tuberculosis, laboratory capacities for drug susceptibility testing are being scaled up worldwide. A laboratory must decide among several endorsed methodologies. We evaluated 87 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates for concordance of susceptibility results across six methods: the L-J proportion method, MGIT 960 SIRE AST, Gene/Xpert MTB/RIF, GenoType MTBDR plus line probe assay, MycoTB MIC plate, and a laboratory-developed mycobacteriophage quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based method. Most (80%) isolates were multidrug resistant. Of the culture-based methods, the mycobacteriophage qPCR method was fastest, the L-J proportion method was the slowest, and the MGIT method required the most repeat testing ( P < 0.05). For isoniazid (INH), 82% of isolates were susceptible by all methods or resistant by all methods, whereas for rifampin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB), and streptomycin (STR), such complete concordance was observed in 77%, 50%, and 51% of isolates, re...

BMC Research Notes, 2013

Background Sputum smear microscopy is fast and inexpensive technique for detecting tuberculosis (... more Background Sputum smear microscopy is fast and inexpensive technique for detecting tuberculosis (TB) in high incidence areas but has low sensitivity. Physical and chemical sputum processing along with centrifugation have been found to show promise in overcoming this limitation. Our objective was to compare the sensitivity of smear microscopy obtained with smears made directly from respiratory specimens to those from concentrated specimens. Methods By active screening, 915 TB suspects were identified from Dhaka Central Jail and sputum specimens were aseptically collected. Direct smears were prepared by taking a small portion of the purulent part of the sputum with a sterile loop. The specimens were then processed by a standard N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH digestion-decontamination method to prepare concentrated specimens. Both smears were then air dried, heat fixed, and stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique. The stained slides were examined under oil immersion and were graded f...

ASAIO Journal, 2001

LwEBMENT CF R I m VENIRICULAR m s T m c E (mm) mNGmPuMPc4EiG 'lbmaintain stablehen-@mamicsdning d... more LwEBMENT CF R I m VENIRICULAR m s T m c E (mm) mNGmPuMPc4EiG 'lbmaintain stablehen-@mamicsdning dfpumpC4BGA right ventricular assist &vice named Heart C M was c k v e l~p u r p o S e ; In this stu&,pump pa-famances were waluated in vitro and in viva Mataials and MeQ-c9B was canpcsed d blccd pump(ciaphragm type, strdce vdumeBml) andcannula(cuter ciam Umm,Iength Ban). At the tip d the J-shapedcannula, mtflw &xm was insrailed and 65 an f r a n the tip d the cannula, valve unit whi& canposg d inflw and cutflw valves was insemxi Lhing dastde, blood was sucked f r a n the right ventricle into the blaxipump.~g.syslde,bldwasejectedtothenrain-;lry artay.circulanry w perfamed using AH cfiver. Animal experhmt W3. s PerfaTlEd using goats weighting 5060 kg. Qrdx cu@ut(CO)a a d c press ('4@E),-;ny w Pr=e(P;tp) was m n i n x d m d g. S/D s%, PR 60 bpn , A "-was dtained In the animal expahent, after positicning d natural heart upside &r, vn wi& staM&r,COclrreasedfran SVmin to3.7 Vmin andAop&mzsedfi-an lDommHg to 60mdIg. Aftm startingdHeartC4Bassist,hen@mam 'csimprwedwith the i n c r~d C O ,~s o 3 i c ' 4 @ p (~t o B o m d I g) andP;t+dZ€b4 xmnHg), Gndudcns; Heart C4B was thcught to maintain s 8 b l e h~a m i c s c h r i n g dfpunpcABG lmmdu,Kcu Inrrhi*,Yusuke Abe*, lSune0 Chinzei,'hijirm Suech**Jept. d Carciwasc. Surg., MA7D4 Hcspiral.*Univ,dT~y~**Univ,dHircshirna R&Q;M;udmum ~f l~d 3 I l / n n r c j y s P 3 1 0 m m H g , L h t. P 150. . HIGHPRESUURE OCLZUSON OFLEUKOLYTE DEPLETlON ARTERIAL LINE FILTER IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIO-PULMONARY BYPASS SURGERY Cardw-pulmonary bypass (CPB) leads the activation of neutrophil, which may cause re-perfusion organ dysfunction. Utility of using the leukocyte depletion arterial filter tu prelendpostopcrative complications has been reported. The other side, the i&k of the leukocyte depletion filer occlusion with high-pressures of CPB arterial line (hi@pressure occlusion) has been noted. We used the leukocyte deletion filter (LG-6, RUj, and experienced two cases of high-pressure occlusion in 421 L~B surgery with LG-6 (0.48%). No high-pressure occlusion was occurred with 150R patients used the standard arterial tine filler in it period (0%. P=OoO7). lo the both cases of high pressure occlusion, monitored arterial line pressure increased to over 34OmmHg within lhininutes after CPB installation. The filters were changed to standard type, then no more filter trouble was occurred. In the second case, we inspected the occluded LG-6. Leht microscopic swvey showed eosin stained small spherical celk and ncgative lor fibrin. Electromicroscopy revealed that spherical cells (1-Zpm) adhered lo StrUCNre of the fBer. No fibrin was detected with Gel elechophoresis. Because of the pathologic znalysis, the c e k , which mighl cause the filer occlusion, were platelet. In addition, no fibrin exist suggese that the coagulation system did not relate to the high-pressure occlusion. lo conclusions, we experienccd hvo high-pressure occlusion cases of the leukocyte depletion arterial filter with CPB surgery (0.48%); the filter occhsion may be caused by the initid thmmhs formation by platelet.

ASAIO Journal, 2000

Purpose: An esophageal injury with significant tissue loss is very difficult to repair primarily,... more Purpose: An esophageal injury with significant tissue loss is very difficult to repair primarily, and has high morbidity and mortality with stricture and leak. We conducted in vivo study to test our elstin based biomaterial patch composed of elastin and collagen to repair the large tissue defect in the esophagus. by decellulization, and sterilization. Collagen coating on the adventitia was preserved to retain mechanical strength and to enhance cellular ingrowth. Teqdomestic pigs underwent right thoracotomy. A 2cm circular defect was made on the distal esophagus, excising half of its circumference, and was repaired using the elastin based biomaterial patch and running absorbable sutures. Soon after closure and extubation, the animals were allowed to resume oral feeding. They were followed for clinica! status, weight gain, and endoscopic studies. They were electively sacrificed after six weeks to four months. (10110). One animal developed tension pneumothorax early after surgery, which was properly treated. No other complication occurred. They all resumed oral feeding soon after the surgery, and gained weight. No infection was encountered. Endoscopic studies showed complete mucosal coverage by six weeks. There was minimal to no anatomical or functional stricture at the repair site. Excised specimens after sacrifice showed complete mucosal coverage of the repair site, with regeneration of the all three layers. Conclusion: Our Elastin based biomaterial patch can be used safely and reliably for repair of esophageal injury with significant tissue loss. Complete regeneration of the esophageal wall was observed when repaired immediately after the injury in our experiment. Method: The elastin based biomaterial was made fiom porcine aorta, Results: All ten animals survived long term. giving success rate of 100%