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Papers by Shahrzad Mahootian
Trends in Iranian and Persian Linguistics
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2018
Throughout its history, Iran has been a richly multilingual nation, with documented evidence reac... more Throughout its history, Iran has been a richly multilingual nation, with documented evidence reaching back nearly three millennia. Today, estimates of the number of languages spoken in modern Iran vary, with numbers ranging from fifty-four to seventy-six living languages. This chapter presents a general description of societal bilingualism, how bilingual communities come about, the relationship between language and identity in multilingual contexts, and how best to describe the kind(s) of bilingualism found in Iran, including the use of English. The chapter then turns to bilingualism in Iran from a historical perspective, with the goal of understanding why there are so many languages in present-day Iran. Finally, it addresses the status of English in pre- and post-revolutionary Iran and issues of language maintenance.
The International Journal of the Arts in Society: Annual Review, 2009
Linguistic Inquiry, 1996
Belazi, Rubin et Toribio (1994) ont propose 2 contraintes syntaxiques universelles sur le changem... more Belazi, Rubin et Toribio (1994) ont propose 2 contraintes syntaxiques universelles sur le changement de code intraphrastique : la contrainte de la tete fonctionnelle, qui interdit les changements entre les tetes fonctionnelles et leurs complements, et le corollaire d'integrite de la grammaire de mot, qui exige de tous les mots d'une langue qu'ils obeissent a sa grammaire dans des contextes de changement de code. Les As. esquissent ici une analyse alternative basee sur les principes generaux de la structure syntagmatique et rejetant les contraintes specifiques au changement de code. Cette analyse soutient la projection de la structure syntaxique a partir du lexique et la distinction complement/adjoint
Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 2006
Lingua, 1995
... the struc turally highest (= asymmetrically ccommanding) element in a maximal projection 10 D... more ... the struc turally highest (= asymmetrically ccommanding) element in a maximal projection 10 Distinguishing between borrowing and codeswitching ... The noun as head ofNP In her study of HindiEnglish codeswitching, Pandit (1990: 43) proposes the ... (36) Code switching must not ...
World Englishes, 1996
ABSTRACT: Structural constraints on codeswitching have been the focus of much research and debate... more ABSTRACT: Structural constraints on codeswitching have been the focus of much research and debate. While some researchers claim to have discovered universal constraints on codeswitching (Belazi et al., 1994; Di Sciullo el al., 1986; Joshi, 1985; Myers‐Scotton, 1993; Sankoff and Poplack, 1981), others deny the possibility of constraints motivated solely by syntactic considerations (Bokamba, 1989; Clyne, 1987). In a significant departure from both of these schools of thought, this paper presents a syntactic account of codeswitching which relies only on general principles of phrase structure and rejects constraints specific to codeswitching. This model is shown to account for intrasentential switches between typologically different languages such as Farsi and English, including within word switches and switches between modifiers and nouns.
Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2013
International Journal of Bilingualism, 2005
This article investigates the relationship between code choice, bilingual identity and language c... more This article investigates the relationship between code choice, bilingual identity and language change. Code choice and codeswitches in a bilingual Spanish-English publication are examined with two questions in mind. The first asks the extent to which stylistic and social variables, including identity, govern code choice. The second looks at the relationship of code choice to language change. Based on the pattern of code choice found in a popular women's magazine, I conclude that codemixed discourse is one of three varieties of code available to the bilingual, and where this variety is used intentionally, it is meant to emphasize the speaker's bilingual identity. I also consider structural aspects of codemixed discourse and determine that although the L1-L2 structure of this discourse is distinct from the monolingual L1 and L2 structures, it nevertheless follows from universal principles of grammar and does not require the positing of a third grammar. I further argue that th...
International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2004
... Ruth Breckinridge Church, Saba Ayman-Nolley and Shahrzad Mahootian Department of Psychology, ... more ... Ruth Breckinridge Church, Saba Ayman-Nolley and Shahrzad Mahootian Department of Psychology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA ... Alibali, M. and Goldwin-Meadows, S. (1993) Gesture-speech mismatch and mech-anisms of learning: What the hand reveals ...
Cognitive Development, 1992
Trends in Iranian and Persian Linguistics
Oxford Handbooks Online, 2018
Throughout its history, Iran has been a richly multilingual nation, with documented evidence reac... more Throughout its history, Iran has been a richly multilingual nation, with documented evidence reaching back nearly three millennia. Today, estimates of the number of languages spoken in modern Iran vary, with numbers ranging from fifty-four to seventy-six living languages. This chapter presents a general description of societal bilingualism, how bilingual communities come about, the relationship between language and identity in multilingual contexts, and how best to describe the kind(s) of bilingualism found in Iran, including the use of English. The chapter then turns to bilingualism in Iran from a historical perspective, with the goal of understanding why there are so many languages in present-day Iran. Finally, it addresses the status of English in pre- and post-revolutionary Iran and issues of language maintenance.
The International Journal of the Arts in Society: Annual Review, 2009
Linguistic Inquiry, 1996
Belazi, Rubin et Toribio (1994) ont propose 2 contraintes syntaxiques universelles sur le changem... more Belazi, Rubin et Toribio (1994) ont propose 2 contraintes syntaxiques universelles sur le changement de code intraphrastique : la contrainte de la tete fonctionnelle, qui interdit les changements entre les tetes fonctionnelles et leurs complements, et le corollaire d'integrite de la grammaire de mot, qui exige de tous les mots d'une langue qu'ils obeissent a sa grammaire dans des contextes de changement de code. Les As. esquissent ici une analyse alternative basee sur les principes generaux de la structure syntagmatique et rejetant les contraintes specifiques au changement de code. Cette analyse soutient la projection de la structure syntaxique a partir du lexique et la distinction complement/adjoint
Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 2006
Lingua, 1995
... the struc turally highest (= asymmetrically ccommanding) element in a maximal projection 10 D... more ... the struc turally highest (= asymmetrically ccommanding) element in a maximal projection 10 Distinguishing between borrowing and codeswitching ... The noun as head ofNP In her study of HindiEnglish codeswitching, Pandit (1990: 43) proposes the ... (36) Code switching must not ...
World Englishes, 1996
ABSTRACT: Structural constraints on codeswitching have been the focus of much research and debate... more ABSTRACT: Structural constraints on codeswitching have been the focus of much research and debate. While some researchers claim to have discovered universal constraints on codeswitching (Belazi et al., 1994; Di Sciullo el al., 1986; Joshi, 1985; Myers‐Scotton, 1993; Sankoff and Poplack, 1981), others deny the possibility of constraints motivated solely by syntactic considerations (Bokamba, 1989; Clyne, 1987). In a significant departure from both of these schools of thought, this paper presents a syntactic account of codeswitching which relies only on general principles of phrase structure and rejects constraints specific to codeswitching. This model is shown to account for intrasentential switches between typologically different languages such as Farsi and English, including within word switches and switches between modifiers and nouns.
Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2013
International Journal of Bilingualism, 2005
This article investigates the relationship between code choice, bilingual identity and language c... more This article investigates the relationship between code choice, bilingual identity and language change. Code choice and codeswitches in a bilingual Spanish-English publication are examined with two questions in mind. The first asks the extent to which stylistic and social variables, including identity, govern code choice. The second looks at the relationship of code choice to language change. Based on the pattern of code choice found in a popular women's magazine, I conclude that codemixed discourse is one of three varieties of code available to the bilingual, and where this variety is used intentionally, it is meant to emphasize the speaker's bilingual identity. I also consider structural aspects of codemixed discourse and determine that although the L1-L2 structure of this discourse is distinct from the monolingual L1 and L2 structures, it nevertheless follows from universal principles of grammar and does not require the positing of a third grammar. I further argue that th...
International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2004
... Ruth Breckinridge Church, Saba Ayman-Nolley and Shahrzad Mahootian Department of Psychology, ... more ... Ruth Breckinridge Church, Saba Ayman-Nolley and Shahrzad Mahootian Department of Psychology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA ... Alibali, M. and Goldwin-Meadows, S. (1993) Gesture-speech mismatch and mech-anisms of learning: What the hand reveals ...
Cognitive Development, 1992