Shai Maayani - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shai Maayani
Media 2.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a a non-axially symmetric droplet
Media 1.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a resonator
Visualization 1
The vibration modes of the polydimethylsiloxane molecule
Media 2.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a a non-axially symmetric droplet
Media 1.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a resonator
Physical Review Applied, 2018
We propose nonreciprocal phonon lasing in a coupled cavity system composed of an optomechanical a... more We propose nonreciprocal phonon lasing in a coupled cavity system composed of an optomechanical and a spinning resonator. We show that the optical Sagnac effect leads to significant modifications in both the mechanical gain and the power threshold for phonon lasing. More importantly, the phonon lasing in this system is unidirectional, that is the phonon lasing takes place when the coupled system is driven in one direction but not the other. Our work establishes the potential of spinning optomechanical devices for low-power mechanical isolation and unidirectional amplification. This provides a new route, well within the reach of current experimental abilities, to operate cavity optomechanical devices for such a wide range of applications as directional phonon switches, invisible sound sensing, and topological or chiral acoustics.
New developments in SCD's 17-μm VOx μ-bolometer product line
Proceedings of SPIE, Apr 23, 2010
Micromachines, Mar 8, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
arXiv (Cornell University), Nov 15, 2017
We fabricate a fiber coupled ultrahigh-Q resonator from a µdroplet per se, and experimentally mea... more We fabricate a fiber coupled ultrahigh-Q resonator from a µdroplet per se, and experimentally measure stimulated Raman emission showing itself at a 160µW threshold. We observe Raman-laser lines that agree with their related calculated molecular-vibrations, as well as with a control-group experiment that uses a Raman-spectrometer. Yet, unlike spectrometers where emission is spontaneous and less directional, our droplet emitter is stimulated, single-mode-fiber coupled, resonantly enhanced with Q of 250 million, confined to a 23 m 3 mode volume and has 7 orders of magnitude higher power. A droplet made of a simple oil, that was not designed to be an optically-active medium, is activated here as a fiber-coupled micro-laser emitter. Our optofluidic cavity constitute a bridge here, between the capillary properties of liquid interfaces, that facilitate constructing the atomically-smooth light-confining walls, while at the same time exploiting the optical-gain of this very-same oil, to permit laser emission. This optical amplification is achieved here via the Raman-gain mechanism that is common to all dielectrics. One can therefore say that the droplet actually construct itself to provide
Taking photonics toward the ultimate softness limit
Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II, 2022
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2021
We investigate Implosion Fabrication, a technique which prints arbitrary 3D nanostructures, as a ... more We investigate Implosion Fabrication, a technique which prints arbitrary 3D nanostructures, as a new platform for nanophotonics. We show that optical properties of printed materials are tunable by characterizing the reflectivity of printed silver.
Largely-deformed1–4 microcavities5 support instabilities suppression6 chaotic ray-dynamics7, dire... more Largely-deformed1–4 microcavities5 support instabilities suppression6 chaotic ray-dynamics7, directional-emission8–10, and momentum transfer11 for nonlinear optics, but such deformations are generally possible only by fabricating discrete sets of resonators. In contrast, optical tweezers12–17 permit continuous large changes18–28, such as deformations from spherical dielectrics to triangular ones25. We report on transformable micro-photonic devices that change their functionality while operating. Assisted by computerized holographic-tweezers, we gradually deform the shape and change the functionality of a droplet whispering-gallery cavity. For example, we continuously deform hexagonal cavities to rectangular ones, and demonstrate switching to directionally emitting mode-of-operation, or splitting a resonant mode to a 10-GHz separated doublet. A continuous trend of improving spatial light modulators and tweezers suggests that our method is scalable to control the shape and functionali...
Fibers constitute the backbone of modern communication and are used in laser surgeries; fibers al... more Fibers constitute the backbone of modern communication and are used in laser surgeries; fibers also genarate coherent X-ray, guided-sound and supercontinuum. In contrast, fibers for capillary oscillations, which are unique to liquids, were rarely considered in optofluidics. Here we fabricate fibers by water bridging an optical tapered-coupler to a microlensed coupler. Our water fibers are held in air and their length can be longer than a millimeter. These hybrid fibers co-confine two important oscillations in nature: capillary- and electromagnetic-. We optically record vibrations in the water fiber, including an audio-rate fundamental and its 3 overtones in a harmonic series, that one can hear in soundtracks attached. Transforming Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems [MEMS] to Micro-Electro-Capillary-Systems [MECS], boosts the device softness by a million to accordingly improve its response to minute forces. Furthermore, MECS are compatible with water, which is a most important liquid i...
arXiv: Optics, 2016
We harness the momentum of light resonating inside a micro-droplet cavity, to experimentally gene... more We harness the momentum of light resonating inside a micro-droplet cavity, to experimentally generate micro-flows within the envelope of the drop. We 3D map these optically induced flows by using fluorescent nanoparticles; which reveals circular micro-streams. The flows are parametrically studied and, as expected, exhibit an increase of rotation speed with optical power. The flow is non-circular only when we intentionally break the axial symmetry of the droplet. Besides the fundamental interest in light-flow interactions including in opto-fluidic cavities, the optically controlled flows can serve in bringing analytes into the maximum-power region of the microcavity.
arXiv: Optics, 2015
Liquids serve microcavity research ever since Ashkins studies on optical resonances in levitating... more Liquids serve microcavity research ever since Ashkins studies on optical resonances in levitating droplets to recent optofluidic resonators. Droplets can provide optical quality factor (Q) in proximity to the limit restricted by water absorption and radiation loss. However, water micro-drops vaporize quickly due to their large area to volume ratio. Here we fabricate a water-air interface that almost entirely surrounds our device, allowing for more than 1,000,000 recirculations of light (finesse). We sustain the droplets for longer than 16 hours using a nano-water-bridge that extends from the droplet to a practically-unlimited distant-reservoir that compensates for evaporation. Our device exhibits surface tension 8000-times stronger than gravity that self-stabilizes its shape to a degree sufficient to maintain critical coupling as well as to resolve split modes. Our device has 98 percents of their surrounding walls made strictly of water-air interfaces with concave, convex or saddle ...
Energy exchange between light and sound was first suggested by Brillouin in 1922. After Townes es... more Energy exchange between light and sound was first suggested by Brillouin in 1922. After Townes established the phonon maser theory, coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves was observed together with stimulated Brillouin Scattering. Here we repeat these experiments, but with capillary-waves that are unique to the liquid phase of matter and relates to attraction between intimate fluid particles. We fabricate resonators that co-host capillary and opticalmodes, control it to operates at its non resolved sideband, and observe stimulated capillary scattering and coherent excitation of capillary resonances at kHz rates (that one can hear in audio files recorded by us). By exchanging energy between electromagnetic and capillary waves, we bridge interfacial tension phenomena at the liquid phase boundary to optics, and might impact optofluidics by allowing optical control, interrogation and cooling of water waves.
Water-wave lasers (Conference Presentation)
Droplet Raman laser coupled to a standard fiber
Photonics Research, 2019
We fabricate a tapered fiber coupler, position it near an ultrahigh-Q resonator made from a micro... more We fabricate a tapered fiber coupler, position it near an ultrahigh-Q resonator made from a microdroplet, and experimentally measure stimulated Raman emission. We then calculate the molecular vibrational mode associated with each of the Raman lines and present it in a movie. Our Raman laser lines show themselves at a threshold of 160 μW input power, the cold-cavity quality factor is 250 million, and mode volume is 23 μm3. Both pump and Raman laser modes overlap with the liquid phase instead of just residually extending to the fluid.
Optics Express, 2018
We experimentally demonstrate light-flow interaction, in which the angular momentum of circulatin... more We experimentally demonstrate light-flow interaction, in which the angular momentum of circulating light excites micro-vortices. In contrast with the solid-phase of matter, where one has to overcome static friction in order to start motion, liquids have no "static drag." Relevant to almost all optofluidic micro-systems hence, μWatt optical power is sufficient to start flows, even in liquids 50 times more viscous than water. We map the flows to be three-dimensional (3D) by using a technique based on fluorescent nano-emitters; to reveal, as expected, flow speeds proportional to power divided by viscosity.
Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018
In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is... more In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with solid-cladding devices, capillary oscillations are not restricted, allowing the fiber walls to move and vibrate. The fiber is constructed by a high direct current (DC) voltage of several thousand volts (kV) between two water reservoirs that creates a floating water thread, known as a water bridge. Through the choice of micropipettes, it is possible to control the maximal diameter and length of the fiber. Optical fiber couplers, at both sides of the bridge, activate it as an optical waveguide, allowing researchers to monitor the water fiber capillary body waves through transmission modulation and, therefore, deducing changes in surface tension. Co-confining two important wave types, capillary and electromagnetic, opens a new path of research in the interactions between light and liquidwall devices. Water-walled microdevices are a million times softer than their solid counterparts, accordingly improving the response to minute forces. Video Link The video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/58174/ Protocol CAUTION: This experiment involves high voltage. It is the reader's responsibility to verify with the safety authorities that their experiment follows regulations before turning on the high voltage. NOTE: Any kind of polar liquid can be utilized to produce liquid fibers, such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, or water. The polarity of the liquid dictates the stability and diameter of the created fiber 23,24. For best results, use deionized water with 18 MΩ resistance. Before choosing optical
Media 2.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a a non-axially symmetric droplet
Media 1.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a resonator
Visualization 1
The vibration modes of the polydimethylsiloxane molecule
Media 2.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a a non-axially symmetric droplet
Media 1.MPEG
Path of a nanosphere in a resonator
Physical Review Applied, 2018
We propose nonreciprocal phonon lasing in a coupled cavity system composed of an optomechanical a... more We propose nonreciprocal phonon lasing in a coupled cavity system composed of an optomechanical and a spinning resonator. We show that the optical Sagnac effect leads to significant modifications in both the mechanical gain and the power threshold for phonon lasing. More importantly, the phonon lasing in this system is unidirectional, that is the phonon lasing takes place when the coupled system is driven in one direction but not the other. Our work establishes the potential of spinning optomechanical devices for low-power mechanical isolation and unidirectional amplification. This provides a new route, well within the reach of current experimental abilities, to operate cavity optomechanical devices for such a wide range of applications as directional phonon switches, invisible sound sensing, and topological or chiral acoustics.
New developments in SCD's 17-μm VOx μ-bolometer product line
Proceedings of SPIE, Apr 23, 2010
Micromachines, Mar 8, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
arXiv (Cornell University), Nov 15, 2017
We fabricate a fiber coupled ultrahigh-Q resonator from a µdroplet per se, and experimentally mea... more We fabricate a fiber coupled ultrahigh-Q resonator from a µdroplet per se, and experimentally measure stimulated Raman emission showing itself at a 160µW threshold. We observe Raman-laser lines that agree with their related calculated molecular-vibrations, as well as with a control-group experiment that uses a Raman-spectrometer. Yet, unlike spectrometers where emission is spontaneous and less directional, our droplet emitter is stimulated, single-mode-fiber coupled, resonantly enhanced with Q of 250 million, confined to a 23 m 3 mode volume and has 7 orders of magnitude higher power. A droplet made of a simple oil, that was not designed to be an optically-active medium, is activated here as a fiber-coupled micro-laser emitter. Our optofluidic cavity constitute a bridge here, between the capillary properties of liquid interfaces, that facilitate constructing the atomically-smooth light-confining walls, while at the same time exploiting the optical-gain of this very-same oil, to permit laser emission. This optical amplification is achieved here via the Raman-gain mechanism that is common to all dielectrics. One can therefore say that the droplet actually construct itself to provide
Taking photonics toward the ultimate softness limit
Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II, 2022
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2021
We investigate Implosion Fabrication, a technique which prints arbitrary 3D nanostructures, as a ... more We investigate Implosion Fabrication, a technique which prints arbitrary 3D nanostructures, as a new platform for nanophotonics. We show that optical properties of printed materials are tunable by characterizing the reflectivity of printed silver.
Largely-deformed1–4 microcavities5 support instabilities suppression6 chaotic ray-dynamics7, dire... more Largely-deformed1–4 microcavities5 support instabilities suppression6 chaotic ray-dynamics7, directional-emission8–10, and momentum transfer11 for nonlinear optics, but such deformations are generally possible only by fabricating discrete sets of resonators. In contrast, optical tweezers12–17 permit continuous large changes18–28, such as deformations from spherical dielectrics to triangular ones25. We report on transformable micro-photonic devices that change their functionality while operating. Assisted by computerized holographic-tweezers, we gradually deform the shape and change the functionality of a droplet whispering-gallery cavity. For example, we continuously deform hexagonal cavities to rectangular ones, and demonstrate switching to directionally emitting mode-of-operation, or splitting a resonant mode to a 10-GHz separated doublet. A continuous trend of improving spatial light modulators and tweezers suggests that our method is scalable to control the shape and functionali...
Fibers constitute the backbone of modern communication and are used in laser surgeries; fibers al... more Fibers constitute the backbone of modern communication and are used in laser surgeries; fibers also genarate coherent X-ray, guided-sound and supercontinuum. In contrast, fibers for capillary oscillations, which are unique to liquids, were rarely considered in optofluidics. Here we fabricate fibers by water bridging an optical tapered-coupler to a microlensed coupler. Our water fibers are held in air and their length can be longer than a millimeter. These hybrid fibers co-confine two important oscillations in nature: capillary- and electromagnetic-. We optically record vibrations in the water fiber, including an audio-rate fundamental and its 3 overtones in a harmonic series, that one can hear in soundtracks attached. Transforming Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems [MEMS] to Micro-Electro-Capillary-Systems [MECS], boosts the device softness by a million to accordingly improve its response to minute forces. Furthermore, MECS are compatible with water, which is a most important liquid i...
arXiv: Optics, 2016
We harness the momentum of light resonating inside a micro-droplet cavity, to experimentally gene... more We harness the momentum of light resonating inside a micro-droplet cavity, to experimentally generate micro-flows within the envelope of the drop. We 3D map these optically induced flows by using fluorescent nanoparticles; which reveals circular micro-streams. The flows are parametrically studied and, as expected, exhibit an increase of rotation speed with optical power. The flow is non-circular only when we intentionally break the axial symmetry of the droplet. Besides the fundamental interest in light-flow interactions including in opto-fluidic cavities, the optically controlled flows can serve in bringing analytes into the maximum-power region of the microcavity.
arXiv: Optics, 2015
Liquids serve microcavity research ever since Ashkins studies on optical resonances in levitating... more Liquids serve microcavity research ever since Ashkins studies on optical resonances in levitating droplets to recent optofluidic resonators. Droplets can provide optical quality factor (Q) in proximity to the limit restricted by water absorption and radiation loss. However, water micro-drops vaporize quickly due to their large area to volume ratio. Here we fabricate a water-air interface that almost entirely surrounds our device, allowing for more than 1,000,000 recirculations of light (finesse). We sustain the droplets for longer than 16 hours using a nano-water-bridge that extends from the droplet to a practically-unlimited distant-reservoir that compensates for evaporation. Our device exhibits surface tension 8000-times stronger than gravity that self-stabilizes its shape to a degree sufficient to maintain critical coupling as well as to resolve split modes. Our device has 98 percents of their surrounding walls made strictly of water-air interfaces with concave, convex or saddle ...
Energy exchange between light and sound was first suggested by Brillouin in 1922. After Townes es... more Energy exchange between light and sound was first suggested by Brillouin in 1922. After Townes established the phonon maser theory, coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves was observed together with stimulated Brillouin Scattering. Here we repeat these experiments, but with capillary-waves that are unique to the liquid phase of matter and relates to attraction between intimate fluid particles. We fabricate resonators that co-host capillary and opticalmodes, control it to operates at its non resolved sideband, and observe stimulated capillary scattering and coherent excitation of capillary resonances at kHz rates (that one can hear in audio files recorded by us). By exchanging energy between electromagnetic and capillary waves, we bridge interfacial tension phenomena at the liquid phase boundary to optics, and might impact optofluidics by allowing optical control, interrogation and cooling of water waves.
Water-wave lasers (Conference Presentation)
Droplet Raman laser coupled to a standard fiber
Photonics Research, 2019
We fabricate a tapered fiber coupler, position it near an ultrahigh-Q resonator made from a micro... more We fabricate a tapered fiber coupler, position it near an ultrahigh-Q resonator made from a microdroplet, and experimentally measure stimulated Raman emission. We then calculate the molecular vibrational mode associated with each of the Raman lines and present it in a movie. Our Raman laser lines show themselves at a threshold of 160 μW input power, the cold-cavity quality factor is 250 million, and mode volume is 23 μm3. Both pump and Raman laser modes overlap with the liquid phase instead of just residually extending to the fluid.
Optics Express, 2018
We experimentally demonstrate light-flow interaction, in which the angular momentum of circulatin... more We experimentally demonstrate light-flow interaction, in which the angular momentum of circulating light excites micro-vortices. In contrast with the solid-phase of matter, where one has to overcome static friction in order to start motion, liquids have no "static drag." Relevant to almost all optofluidic micro-systems hence, μWatt optical power is sufficient to start flows, even in liquids 50 times more viscous than water. We map the flows to be three-dimensional (3D) by using a technique based on fluorescent nano-emitters; to reveal, as expected, flow speeds proportional to power divided by viscosity.
Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018
In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is... more In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with solid-cladding devices, capillary oscillations are not restricted, allowing the fiber walls to move and vibrate. The fiber is constructed by a high direct current (DC) voltage of several thousand volts (kV) between two water reservoirs that creates a floating water thread, known as a water bridge. Through the choice of micropipettes, it is possible to control the maximal diameter and length of the fiber. Optical fiber couplers, at both sides of the bridge, activate it as an optical waveguide, allowing researchers to monitor the water fiber capillary body waves through transmission modulation and, therefore, deducing changes in surface tension. Co-confining two important wave types, capillary and electromagnetic, opens a new path of research in the interactions between light and liquidwall devices. Water-walled microdevices are a million times softer than their solid counterparts, accordingly improving the response to minute forces. Video Link The video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/58174/ Protocol CAUTION: This experiment involves high voltage. It is the reader's responsibility to verify with the safety authorities that their experiment follows regulations before turning on the high voltage. NOTE: Any kind of polar liquid can be utilized to produce liquid fibers, such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, or water. The polarity of the liquid dictates the stability and diameter of the created fiber 23,24. For best results, use deionized water with 18 MΩ resistance. Before choosing optical