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Papers by Shailendra kumar Sinha

The case journal, Jun 21, 2023

Research methodology Data from HCL company and their corporate entrepreneurship activities were s... more Research methodology Data from HCL company and their corporate entrepreneurship activities were sourced using interviews and discussions. Secondary data was collected from the company website and other information available in the public domain. Case overview/synopsis This case narrates activities undertaken by the Enterprise Technology Office (ETO) of HCL Technologies Infrastructure Service Division to build the Corporate Entrepreneurship function. Around 2015–2016, the ETO started engaging with multiple people and organizations associated with the technology ecosystem outside the firm boundary for novel technologies and solutions. These entities included venture capitalists and start-ups. The ETO also began engaging with internal teams and existing customers to promote the identified novel technologies and innovative solutions. The ETO function grew organically by hiring resources from internal and external pools. ETO also undertook specific programs to increase the involvement of internal teams in their initiatives, like the Joint Exploration Program. ETO explored several options to further the ecosystem innovation strategy and institutionalize corporate entrepreneurship activities. The ETO team deliberated on ways to align the stakeholder goals and evaluate if technology could play a role. Complexity academic level This case can be used in any course on “Managing Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation,” “Strategic Management of Technology Enterprises” or any course focused on managing technology and innovation for graduate (MBA) or executive participants.

Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series, Jun 9, 2023

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2021

Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011

Plant wastes can be degraded by millipedes (Arthropods of class Diplopoda) to produce compost cal... more Plant wastes can be degraded by millipedes (Arthropods of class Diplopoda) to produce compost called Milli-compost similar to Vermi-compost. A comparative study of composts produced with the help of millipedes (Harpaphe haydeniana) / earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) / without millipede and earthworm was undertaken. Physico-chemical parameters of composts were evaluated. It was found that contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were more in Milli-compost and Vermi-compost as compared to ordinary compost. Contents of nutrients in Milli-compost were more than Vermi-compost. Increase in water holding capacity and pore space between particles of Milli-compost and Veri-compost and decrease in bulk density were also observed. Milli-compost production technology may prove to be beneficial for agriculture in near future.

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2021

Lecture notes in networks and systems, 2023

Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, Aug 16, 2022

Journal of KONES, 2008

The increasing industrialization and development in the field of transport sector of the world ha... more The increasing industrialization and development in the field of transport sector of the world have led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum products. Petroleum fuels are obtained from limited reserves of foreign countries. Presently our country is facing the problem of foreign exchange due to the import of crude oil. Hence, it is necessary to look for alternative fuel, which can be produced from available raw material within the country. In the present investigation, the bio-diesel produced from the jatropha seeds have been considered as a potential alternative for running the compression ignition engines. The different blends of bio-diesel and conventional diesel have been tested on the engine. The experimental data obtained for various concentrations of bio-diesel blends have been compared with base line data of conventional diesel. Significant improvement in engine performance has been observed due to the use of bio-diesel. Acceptable thermal efficiencies of the engine have been obtained with different blends of bio-diesel and diesel. It has been observed that 20% of jatropha oil can be substituted for diesel without any engine modification and preheating of the blends.

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2023

Over the past several years, there has been increased interest in alternative diesel fuels to con... more Over the past several years, there has been increased interest in alternative diesel fuels to control emissions and provide energy security. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be made from renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats, has been recognized as an environment friendly alternative to mineral diesel. In present investigation, rice bran oil (non-edible) was transesterified to methyl ester and reaction conditions for transesterifcation process for rice bran oil were optimized. Various properties like viscosity, density, flash point, calorific value of the biodiesel thus prepared are characterized as per ASTM norms (ASTM D6751) and found comparable to diesel. Steady state engine dynamometer test at full throttle conditions have been carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a medium duty transportation DI diesel engine. Engine was fuelled with various blends of rice-bran oil biodiesel (ROME) and mineral diesel ranging from 5% biodiesel to 100% biodiesel (5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%). Performance and emission data were compared to the baseline data obtained using mineral diesel. Same engine without any hardware modification has been adopted for tests on all fuel blends. The results of this experimental investigation showed that biodiesel and biodiesel blends exhibited almost similar torque and power characteristics. Biodiesel blends up to 20% produced slightly higher torque and improved performance. Improvement in fuel conversion efficiency was found for lower concentration blends i.e. up to 20%. Lowest efficiency was found for 100% biodiesel blend. All the biodiesel blends emitted lower total hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide emissions and smoke opacity but slightly higher NOx emissions during the full throttle tests. Emission tests with all the fuel blends have also been carried out using European 13 MODE test (ECE R49) procedure. Drastic reduction in THC and CO and slight increase in NOx was observed.

TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTATIONS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. 12 2. 1 Description of the Test Equipment 12... more TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTATIONS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. 12 2. 1 Description of the Test Equipment 12 2.2 Setting up the Equipment for a Test 15 2.3 Calibration of the Equipment 16 2.4 Sample Preparation 17 2.5 The Static Test 19 .2.6 The Dynamic Test Plan 19 3. TEST RESULTS 21 3. 1 Some Typical Traces 21 vi .

International journal of engineering research and technology, Dec 23, 2014

Exhaust emissions from Diesel vehicles are now a day’s more concern. Diesel vehicles emit more am... more Exhaust emissions from Diesel vehicles are now a day’s more concern. Diesel vehicles emit more amount of NOx than the petrol driven vehicles. Due to implementation of stringent emission norms BS IV, it is the demand to develop a catalytic converter which shall reduce the emission considerably. This paper summarizes the problem and solutions of NOx emission from diesel vehicles. In this paper an experimental investigation of two designs (Cylindrical and Convergent-Divergent shape) of diesel catalytic converter in the Jeep exhaust gas stream is reported. Two transition metal oxide catalysts (5% Ag and 5% Fe) loaded over alumina support were filled in these catalytic converters and heated externally by means of a heating tape upto 2800C. In 5% Silver loaded catalyst, the maximum NO conversion of 36.36% achieved at temperature of 2800C under full acceleration in the cylindrical catalytic converter and 31.41% conversion with Convergent-divergent catalytic converter. When 5% Iron catalyst was tested in Cylindrical catalytic converter the NO conversion was 27.08% and with Convergent-divergent catalytic converter it was 25.25% at 2800C. Transition metal oxide based catalytic converter containing 5% Silver and Iron catalyst is an efficient system to reduce the NOx emission from diesel exhaust. Introduction of new future fuels will also be able to reduce NOx emissions in near future.

Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme, Jun 13, 2022

Excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exacerbated global warming and led to an increase in ai... more Excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exacerbated global warming and led to an increase in air pollution levels in the environment. The increasing oil demand prompted recent research to explore the future application of alternative, eco-friendly fuels for diesel engines. Jatropha biodiesel has been produced from JCO, using heterogeneous catalyst (CaO) through transesterification process. In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of an engine powered by a Jatropha biodiesel blends have been investigated. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Taguchi method for optimization of engine input parameters is promising approach to derive the most accurate optimized models for output responses. Input parameters such as biodiesel blend, load, CR, and FIP were selected, experiments were designed as per L18 orthogonal array in Taguchi, and CCFCD L20 design matrix for RSM methodology. Injection timing is an essential engine characteristic, which has a considerable effect on the ordering emissions. If injection is done early, the starting air temperature and pressure are lower, which means the ignition delay will rise. The ignition delay may begin at any time after the injection begins, resulting in somewhat increased temperature and pressure initially but which then rapidly declines as the ignition delay progresses. The optimal setting of engine input parameters is recorded at 270 bar fuel injection pressure, compression ratio of 18, 7.61 kg load, and 25% blend of Jatropha biodiesel with diesel for optimum BTHE, BMEP, BSFC, Pmax, CO, and NOx emissions. Experimental results are compared with optimum output responses and deviations are found within the accepted range of errors.

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2023

European Business Review

Purpose This paper aims to explore the effect of gender diversity and female empowerment on a fir... more Purpose This paper aims to explore the effect of gender diversity and female empowerment on a firm’s exploration and exploitation capabilities. Design/methodology/approach This is an empirical paper. This study investigated the research question in this paper using data on UK Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 firms and OLS regression analysis. Findings This study found a positive association between senior management gender diversity in the workforce and exploitation and exploration capabilities. Also, female empowerment positively moderates senior management gender diversity’s impact on exploration capability. Practical implications This study advises firms aspiring ambidextrous to establish gender diversity – especially at the senior management level – and focus on female empowerment in their organisations. Originality/value This paper argued for the role of females in making the organisations ambidextrous by impacting both exploitation and exploration capabilities, which did not...

Springer eBooks, Dec 1, 2022

Social Science Research Network, Jul 15, 2012

Social Science Research Network, Nov 10, 2016

The case journal, Jun 21, 2023

Research methodology Data from HCL company and their corporate entrepreneurship activities were s... more Research methodology Data from HCL company and their corporate entrepreneurship activities were sourced using interviews and discussions. Secondary data was collected from the company website and other information available in the public domain. Case overview/synopsis This case narrates activities undertaken by the Enterprise Technology Office (ETO) of HCL Technologies Infrastructure Service Division to build the Corporate Entrepreneurship function. Around 2015–2016, the ETO started engaging with multiple people and organizations associated with the technology ecosystem outside the firm boundary for novel technologies and solutions. These entities included venture capitalists and start-ups. The ETO also began engaging with internal teams and existing customers to promote the identified novel technologies and innovative solutions. The ETO function grew organically by hiring resources from internal and external pools. ETO also undertook specific programs to increase the involvement of internal teams in their initiatives, like the Joint Exploration Program. ETO explored several options to further the ecosystem innovation strategy and institutionalize corporate entrepreneurship activities. The ETO team deliberated on ways to align the stakeholder goals and evaluate if technology could play a role. Complexity academic level This case can be used in any course on “Managing Corporate Entrepreneurship and Innovation,” “Strategic Management of Technology Enterprises” or any course focused on managing technology and innovation for graduate (MBA) or executive participants.

Advances in logistics, operations, and management science book series, Jun 9, 2023

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2021

Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011

Plant wastes can be degraded by millipedes (Arthropods of class Diplopoda) to produce compost cal... more Plant wastes can be degraded by millipedes (Arthropods of class Diplopoda) to produce compost called Milli-compost similar to Vermi-compost. A comparative study of composts produced with the help of millipedes (Harpaphe haydeniana) / earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) / without millipede and earthworm was undertaken. Physico-chemical parameters of composts were evaluated. It was found that contents of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were more in Milli-compost and Vermi-compost as compared to ordinary compost. Contents of nutrients in Milli-compost were more than Vermi-compost. Increase in water holding capacity and pore space between particles of Milli-compost and Veri-compost and decrease in bulk density were also observed. Milli-compost production technology may prove to be beneficial for agriculture in near future.

International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2021

Lecture notes in networks and systems, 2023

Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, Aug 16, 2022

Journal of KONES, 2008

The increasing industrialization and development in the field of transport sector of the world ha... more The increasing industrialization and development in the field of transport sector of the world have led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum products. Petroleum fuels are obtained from limited reserves of foreign countries. Presently our country is facing the problem of foreign exchange due to the import of crude oil. Hence, it is necessary to look for alternative fuel, which can be produced from available raw material within the country. In the present investigation, the bio-diesel produced from the jatropha seeds have been considered as a potential alternative for running the compression ignition engines. The different blends of bio-diesel and conventional diesel have been tested on the engine. The experimental data obtained for various concentrations of bio-diesel blends have been compared with base line data of conventional diesel. Significant improvement in engine performance has been observed due to the use of bio-diesel. Acceptable thermal efficiencies of the engine have been obtained with different blends of bio-diesel and diesel. It has been observed that 20% of jatropha oil can be substituted for diesel without any engine modification and preheating of the blends.

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2023

Over the past several years, there has been increased interest in alternative diesel fuels to con... more Over the past several years, there has been increased interest in alternative diesel fuels to control emissions and provide energy security. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be made from renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats, has been recognized as an environment friendly alternative to mineral diesel. In present investigation, rice bran oil (non-edible) was transesterified to methyl ester and reaction conditions for transesterifcation process for rice bran oil were optimized. Various properties like viscosity, density, flash point, calorific value of the biodiesel thus prepared are characterized as per ASTM norms (ASTM D6751) and found comparable to diesel. Steady state engine dynamometer test at full throttle conditions have been carried out to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a medium duty transportation DI diesel engine. Engine was fuelled with various blends of rice-bran oil biodiesel (ROME) and mineral diesel ranging from 5% biodiesel to 100% biodiesel (5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%). Performance and emission data were compared to the baseline data obtained using mineral diesel. Same engine without any hardware modification has been adopted for tests on all fuel blends. The results of this experimental investigation showed that biodiesel and biodiesel blends exhibited almost similar torque and power characteristics. Biodiesel blends up to 20% produced slightly higher torque and improved performance. Improvement in fuel conversion efficiency was found for lower concentration blends i.e. up to 20%. Lowest efficiency was found for 100% biodiesel blend. All the biodiesel blends emitted lower total hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide emissions and smoke opacity but slightly higher NOx emissions during the full throttle tests. Emission tests with all the fuel blends have also been carried out using European 13 MODE test (ECE R49) procedure. Drastic reduction in THC and CO and slight increase in NOx was observed.

TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTATIONS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. 12 2. 1 Description of the Test Equipment 12... more TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTATIONS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. 12 2. 1 Description of the Test Equipment 12 2.2 Setting up the Equipment for a Test 15 2.3 Calibration of the Equipment 16 2.4 Sample Preparation 17 2.5 The Static Test 19 .2.6 The Dynamic Test Plan 19 3. TEST RESULTS 21 3. 1 Some Typical Traces 21 vi .

International journal of engineering research and technology, Dec 23, 2014

Exhaust emissions from Diesel vehicles are now a day’s more concern. Diesel vehicles emit more am... more Exhaust emissions from Diesel vehicles are now a day’s more concern. Diesel vehicles emit more amount of NOx than the petrol driven vehicles. Due to implementation of stringent emission norms BS IV, it is the demand to develop a catalytic converter which shall reduce the emission considerably. This paper summarizes the problem and solutions of NOx emission from diesel vehicles. In this paper an experimental investigation of two designs (Cylindrical and Convergent-Divergent shape) of diesel catalytic converter in the Jeep exhaust gas stream is reported. Two transition metal oxide catalysts (5% Ag and 5% Fe) loaded over alumina support were filled in these catalytic converters and heated externally by means of a heating tape upto 2800C. In 5% Silver loaded catalyst, the maximum NO conversion of 36.36% achieved at temperature of 2800C under full acceleration in the cylindrical catalytic converter and 31.41% conversion with Convergent-divergent catalytic converter. When 5% Iron catalyst was tested in Cylindrical catalytic converter the NO conversion was 27.08% and with Convergent-divergent catalytic converter it was 25.25% at 2800C. Transition metal oxide based catalytic converter containing 5% Silver and Iron catalyst is an efficient system to reduce the NOx emission from diesel exhaust. Introduction of new future fuels will also be able to reduce NOx emissions in near future.

Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme, Jun 13, 2022

Excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exacerbated global warming and led to an increase in ai... more Excessive consumption of fossil fuels has exacerbated global warming and led to an increase in air pollution levels in the environment. The increasing oil demand prompted recent research to explore the future application of alternative, eco-friendly fuels for diesel engines. Jatropha biodiesel has been produced from JCO, using heterogeneous catalyst (CaO) through transesterification process. In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of an engine powered by a Jatropha biodiesel blends have been investigated. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with Taguchi method for optimization of engine input parameters is promising approach to derive the most accurate optimized models for output responses. Input parameters such as biodiesel blend, load, CR, and FIP were selected, experiments were designed as per L18 orthogonal array in Taguchi, and CCFCD L20 design matrix for RSM methodology. Injection timing is an essential engine characteristic, which has a considerable effect on the ordering emissions. If injection is done early, the starting air temperature and pressure are lower, which means the ignition delay will rise. The ignition delay may begin at any time after the injection begins, resulting in somewhat increased temperature and pressure initially but which then rapidly declines as the ignition delay progresses. The optimal setting of engine input parameters is recorded at 270 bar fuel injection pressure, compression ratio of 18, 7.61 kg load, and 25% blend of Jatropha biodiesel with diesel for optimum BTHE, BMEP, BSFC, Pmax, CO, and NOx emissions. Experimental results are compared with optimum output responses and deviations are found within the accepted range of errors.

Lecture notes in mechanical engineering, 2023

European Business Review

Purpose This paper aims to explore the effect of gender diversity and female empowerment on a fir... more Purpose This paper aims to explore the effect of gender diversity and female empowerment on a firm’s exploration and exploitation capabilities. Design/methodology/approach This is an empirical paper. This study investigated the research question in this paper using data on UK Financial Times Stock Exchange 100 firms and OLS regression analysis. Findings This study found a positive association between senior management gender diversity in the workforce and exploitation and exploration capabilities. Also, female empowerment positively moderates senior management gender diversity’s impact on exploration capability. Practical implications This study advises firms aspiring ambidextrous to establish gender diversity – especially at the senior management level – and focus on female empowerment in their organisations. Originality/value This paper argued for the role of females in making the organisations ambidextrous by impacting both exploitation and exploration capabilities, which did not...

Springer eBooks, Dec 1, 2022

Social Science Research Network, Jul 15, 2012

Social Science Research Network, Nov 10, 2016