Shailesh Godika - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Shailesh Godika
Trends in Biosciences, 2017
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
The ergot of Bajra (pearl millet) was first reported from south India. The first report of its oc... more The ergot of Bajra (pearl millet) was first reported from south India. The first report of its occurrence in epidemic form was made in 1956 from south 'Satara' area of Maharashtra. Severe epidemics of the disease are known to occur in Delhi, U.R, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, A.R, and Haryana. Natarajan et al. (1974) estimated the average incidence to be about 62.4% with grain loss of about 58%. The damage caused by the disease depends upon the weather at the time of ear formation. Presence of toxic alkaloids in the ergot adds to the importance of the disease. The sclerotia contain 'ergo-toxin' which, when consumed in excessive quantities, proves to be toxic to life. But, when taken in prescribed quantities it proves to be beneficial as it has some medicinal value too. The major source of primary inoculum is sclerotia already in soil from the previous crop or added at sowing (sclerotia-contaminated seed). Disease development and spread depends on prevailing weather conditions during flowering and the timely availability of pollen. Several measures are known that can help reduce the availability of primary and secondary inoculum and reduce the vulnerability of the crop to infection. These are agronomic, biological and chemical practices.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne plant pathogen, capable of infecting more... more Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne plant pathogen, capable of infecting more than 500 host plants worldwide. It is a major pathogen that plays a crucial role in reducing the yield in economically important crops. It causes stem & crown rot, wilt, leaf & petiole rot, blossom blight, fruit rot and damping off diseases in crops. The initial mycelia infection at the base of the stem is an appearance of elongated water soaked lesions that expand rapidly. Ascospore infection is quite general and occurs on the other plant parts. Effective pathogenesis by the S. sclerotiorum requires the secretion of oxalic acid and lytic enzymes. Germination of overwintered sclerotia, and release, survival and germination of ascospores are important factors for the development of disease. The capability of sclerotia to survive for more than 5 years, so it becomes very difficult to manage the Sclerotinia diseases. Management of S. sclerotiorum is a major challenge, and the best being the integration of various Measures like, cultural practices, chemical, biological and resistance varieties. The review summarizes current information on morphology, symptomatology, disease cycle and management of the disease. In addition, current research and management strategies to combat S. sclerotiorum also discuss.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous oilseed crop and India occupies the first positio... more Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous oilseed crop and India occupies the first position, both with regard to area and production of groundnut in the world. Groundnut is cultivated in more than 90 countries of the world (Virmani and Singh, 1985). Among them, Asia with (63.4%) area produces (71.7%) of world groundnut production. In Asia, leading producers of groundnut are India, China and Indonesia. The groundnut is grown over 18, 00,000 hectare of land throughout the world (Norden et al., 1982). In India the total coverage area under this crop is about 5.5 million ha and production 9.5 million tones and average productivity 1723 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2013-14a). Major growing states of India are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu and Punjab. Among the states, Gujarat stand first in its production while Andhra Pradesh in area. Cultivation of groundnut crop in Rajasthan about 0.46 million hectares with annual production 0.90 million tones and productivity 1950 kg/ ha (...
Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture, 2022
The field trial conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during rabi 201... more The field trial conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during rabi 2015-16 & 2016-17 in randomized blocked design (RBD), evaluating the efficacy of seed treatments viz., - cow urine (2.5%), asafoetidaheeng (1.2%), castor oil seven (5%), garlic clove extract (5%) - turmeric powder (5%), T6- turmeric extract (5%) and neem oil (5%) in the management of diseases of fennel indicated that all the treatments were found superior over control. The germination per cent was highest in garlic treated plots followed by neem oil treated plots. The neem seed oil treatment followed by garlic treatments recorded the maximum control of wilt diseases. The intensity of alternaria blight and powdery mildew diseases was found least in garlic-treated plots followed by neem and castor oil-treated plants.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012
Field studies were conducted from 2008 to 2011 on integrated management of Sclerotinia rot of Ind... more Field studies were conducted from 2008 to 2011 on integrated management of Sclerotinia rot of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czerns & Coss.) involving Trichoderma mixture (T. viride + T. hamatum) formulation (2×109 cfu/g) through seed treatment (10 g/kg), soil application (2.5 kg/ha) pre-incubated in farmyard manure and foliar sprays (0.2%) at 50 and 70 days after sowing along with improved cultural practices at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, which reduced the disease incidence up to a minimum of 11.1% and increased the seed yield up to a maximum of 2.72 tonnes/ha as compared to control (disease incidence 26.9% and seed yield 1.77 tonnes/ha). Validation of management practices were also undertaken during 2008 to 2011 in farmer’s participatory mode under three different agro climates, Zone 1b and 3b in Rajasthan and south-west zone in Haryana. The validation studies revealed that integrated management strategies based on Trichoderma resulted in minimum Sclerot...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
The investigation was carried out in the department of plant pathology, SKN College of Agricultur... more The investigation was carried out in the department of plant pathology, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan) during Kharif, 2017 to evaluate the efficacy of indigenous materials against sclerotinia rot disease of brinjal under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The six indigenous materials i. e. neem oil, garlic extract, castor oil, cow urine, heeng powder and turmeric powder were tested by poisoned food technique against sclerotinia rot pathogen. Among six indigenous materials, extract of garlic was found most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth (69.71, 95.72 and 98.00%) of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 5, 10 and 15 per cent, respectively followed by neem oil (63.96, 89.64 and 92.00%) and cow-urine (59.20, 81.21 and 84.00%) over control. Heeng powder was found least effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum over control. The study indicates that all the three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) of garlic extract were effective in reducing the sclerotinia rot disease incidence.
Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 2013
Oilseed Brassica spp. is economically affected by Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotio... more Oilseed Brassica spp. is economically affected by Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum worldwide. Field studies were conducted at farmers’ field to assess the prevalence and severity of Sclerotinia rot of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in 11 districts of Rajasthan and Haryana. Assessment indicates the significance and widespread occurrence of disease in Rajasthan and Haryana. Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) incidence and severity were found more than 15 per cent and 3.2 grades, respectively in both states (average of 2009–10 and 2010–11 Rabi crop season). Maximum incidence was recorded at Dausa (29.2%) district in Rajasthan followed by Rohtak (24.8%) districts in Haryana and minimum 7.0 and 7.4 per cent at Jaipur and Bharatpur district, respectively. On the other hand SSR severity was also maximum (3.6 grades) in Dausa district and minimum (2.6 grades) in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. This clearly indicates that Sclerotinia rot disease has established its base in major mustard gr...
Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 2021
Wilt of cumin incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is one of the important disease and a b... more Wilt of cumin incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is one of the important disease and a big constraint in successful cultivation. Therefore, in the present study, 7 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini collected from different cumin growing areas of Rajasthan were assessed for morphological and pathogenic variations. The different isolates produced sickle shaped macro conidia and spores of varying width, length having variable number of septa. The isolate I2 produced highest length and number of septa in macro conidia. The length of macro conidia varied from 22.77 µm in isolate I3 to 29.65 µm in isolate I2 whereas, micro conidia length varied from 7.54 µm in I4 to 11.53 µm in I6. In study of pathogenic variability, among different isolate, the isolate I1 proved most virulent as it showed disease symptoms earliest whereas, isolate I5 proved least virulent.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010
Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 2016
Among the fungal diseases, Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is ... more Among the fungal diseases, Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.], and its management with chemicals is not economically viable, and environmentally safe. Therefore, the present investigations were aimed to carry out the test of bioagents against S. Sclerotiorum under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Invitro, screening of bioagents (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride) was done by dual culture technique. All the bio agents viz., Bacillus subtilis, T. harzianum, and T. viride were antagonistic to the growth of S. sclerotiorum. Maximum 69.8 % mycelial growth inhibition of pathogen was recorded with T. viride, and minimum mycelial growth inhibition was recorded by Bacillus subtilis (42.2%). Results under field conditions revealed that minimum disease intensity (26.0 %) was recorded with seed + soil application of T. viride followed by soil application of...
Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 2002
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2001
Indian phytopathology, 2016
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2001
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Trends in Biosciences, 2017
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
The ergot of Bajra (pearl millet) was first reported from south India. The first report of its oc... more The ergot of Bajra (pearl millet) was first reported from south India. The first report of its occurrence in epidemic form was made in 1956 from south 'Satara' area of Maharashtra. Severe epidemics of the disease are known to occur in Delhi, U.R, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, A.R, and Haryana. Natarajan et al. (1974) estimated the average incidence to be about 62.4% with grain loss of about 58%. The damage caused by the disease depends upon the weather at the time of ear formation. Presence of toxic alkaloids in the ergot adds to the importance of the disease. The sclerotia contain 'ergo-toxin' which, when consumed in excessive quantities, proves to be toxic to life. But, when taken in prescribed quantities it proves to be beneficial as it has some medicinal value too. The major source of primary inoculum is sclerotia already in soil from the previous crop or added at sowing (sclerotia-contaminated seed). Disease development and spread depends on prevailing weather conditions during flowering and the timely availability of pollen. Several measures are known that can help reduce the availability of primary and secondary inoculum and reduce the vulnerability of the crop to infection. These are agronomic, biological and chemical practices.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne plant pathogen, capable of infecting more... more Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a soil borne plant pathogen, capable of infecting more than 500 host plants worldwide. It is a major pathogen that plays a crucial role in reducing the yield in economically important crops. It causes stem & crown rot, wilt, leaf & petiole rot, blossom blight, fruit rot and damping off diseases in crops. The initial mycelia infection at the base of the stem is an appearance of elongated water soaked lesions that expand rapidly. Ascospore infection is quite general and occurs on the other plant parts. Effective pathogenesis by the S. sclerotiorum requires the secretion of oxalic acid and lytic enzymes. Germination of overwintered sclerotia, and release, survival and germination of ascospores are important factors for the development of disease. The capability of sclerotia to survive for more than 5 years, so it becomes very difficult to manage the Sclerotinia diseases. Management of S. sclerotiorum is a major challenge, and the best being the integration of various Measures like, cultural practices, chemical, biological and resistance varieties. The review summarizes current information on morphology, symptomatology, disease cycle and management of the disease. In addition, current research and management strategies to combat S. sclerotiorum also discuss.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous oilseed crop and India occupies the first positio... more Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous oilseed crop and India occupies the first position, both with regard to area and production of groundnut in the world. Groundnut is cultivated in more than 90 countries of the world (Virmani and Singh, 1985). Among them, Asia with (63.4%) area produces (71.7%) of world groundnut production. In Asia, leading producers of groundnut are India, China and Indonesia. The groundnut is grown over 18, 00,000 hectare of land throughout the world (Norden et al., 1982). In India the total coverage area under this crop is about 5.5 million ha and production 9.5 million tones and average productivity 1723 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2013-14a). Major growing states of India are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu and Punjab. Among the states, Gujarat stand first in its production while Andhra Pradesh in area. Cultivation of groundnut crop in Rajasthan about 0.46 million hectares with annual production 0.90 million tones and productivity 1950 kg/ ha (...
Journal of Eco-friendly Agriculture, 2022
The field trial conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during rabi 201... more The field trial conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during rabi 2015-16 & 2016-17 in randomized blocked design (RBD), evaluating the efficacy of seed treatments viz., - cow urine (2.5%), asafoetidaheeng (1.2%), castor oil seven (5%), garlic clove extract (5%) - turmeric powder (5%), T6- turmeric extract (5%) and neem oil (5%) in the management of diseases of fennel indicated that all the treatments were found superior over control. The germination per cent was highest in garlic treated plots followed by neem oil treated plots. The neem seed oil treatment followed by garlic treatments recorded the maximum control of wilt diseases. The intensity of alternaria blight and powdery mildew diseases was found least in garlic-treated plots followed by neem and castor oil-treated plants.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012
Field studies were conducted from 2008 to 2011 on integrated management of Sclerotinia rot of Ind... more Field studies were conducted from 2008 to 2011 on integrated management of Sclerotinia rot of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czerns & Coss.) involving Trichoderma mixture (T. viride + T. hamatum) formulation (2×109 cfu/g) through seed treatment (10 g/kg), soil application (2.5 kg/ha) pre-incubated in farmyard manure and foliar sprays (0.2%) at 50 and 70 days after sowing along with improved cultural practices at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, which reduced the disease incidence up to a minimum of 11.1% and increased the seed yield up to a maximum of 2.72 tonnes/ha as compared to control (disease incidence 26.9% and seed yield 1.77 tonnes/ha). Validation of management practices were also undertaken during 2008 to 2011 in farmer’s participatory mode under three different agro climates, Zone 1b and 3b in Rajasthan and south-west zone in Haryana. The validation studies revealed that integrated management strategies based on Trichoderma resulted in minimum Sclerot...
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
The investigation was carried out in the department of plant pathology, SKN College of Agricultur... more The investigation was carried out in the department of plant pathology, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan) during Kharif, 2017 to evaluate the efficacy of indigenous materials against sclerotinia rot disease of brinjal under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The six indigenous materials i. e. neem oil, garlic extract, castor oil, cow urine, heeng powder and turmeric powder were tested by poisoned food technique against sclerotinia rot pathogen. Among six indigenous materials, extract of garlic was found most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth (69.71, 95.72 and 98.00%) of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at 5, 10 and 15 per cent, respectively followed by neem oil (63.96, 89.64 and 92.00%) and cow-urine (59.20, 81.21 and 84.00%) over control. Heeng powder was found least effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum over control. The study indicates that all the three concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) of garlic extract were effective in reducing the sclerotinia rot disease incidence.
Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 2013
Oilseed Brassica spp. is economically affected by Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotio... more Oilseed Brassica spp. is economically affected by Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum worldwide. Field studies were conducted at farmers’ field to assess the prevalence and severity of Sclerotinia rot of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in 11 districts of Rajasthan and Haryana. Assessment indicates the significance and widespread occurrence of disease in Rajasthan and Haryana. Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) incidence and severity were found more than 15 per cent and 3.2 grades, respectively in both states (average of 2009–10 and 2010–11 Rabi crop season). Maximum incidence was recorded at Dausa (29.2%) district in Rajasthan followed by Rohtak (24.8%) districts in Haryana and minimum 7.0 and 7.4 per cent at Jaipur and Bharatpur district, respectively. On the other hand SSR severity was also maximum (3.6 grades) in Dausa district and minimum (2.6 grades) in Bharatpur, Rajasthan. This clearly indicates that Sclerotinia rot disease has established its base in major mustard gr...
Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 2021
Wilt of cumin incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is one of the important disease and a b... more Wilt of cumin incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini is one of the important disease and a big constraint in successful cultivation. Therefore, in the present study, 7 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini collected from different cumin growing areas of Rajasthan were assessed for morphological and pathogenic variations. The different isolates produced sickle shaped macro conidia and spores of varying width, length having variable number of septa. The isolate I2 produced highest length and number of septa in macro conidia. The length of macro conidia varied from 22.77 µm in isolate I3 to 29.65 µm in isolate I2 whereas, micro conidia length varied from 7.54 µm in I4 to 11.53 µm in I6. In study of pathogenic variability, among different isolate, the isolate I1 proved most virulent as it showed disease symptoms earliest whereas, isolate I5 proved least virulent.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2010
Journal of Oilseed Brassica, 2016
Among the fungal diseases, Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is ... more Among the fungal diseases, Sclerotinia rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.], and its management with chemicals is not economically viable, and environmentally safe. Therefore, the present investigations were aimed to carry out the test of bioagents against S. Sclerotiorum under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Invitro, screening of bioagents (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride) was done by dual culture technique. All the bio agents viz., Bacillus subtilis, T. harzianum, and T. viride were antagonistic to the growth of S. sclerotiorum. Maximum 69.8 % mycelial growth inhibition of pathogen was recorded with T. viride, and minimum mycelial growth inhibition was recorded by Bacillus subtilis (42.2%). Results under field conditions revealed that minimum disease intensity (26.0 %) was recorded with seed + soil application of T. viride followed by soil application of...
Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 2002
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2001
Indian phytopathology, 2016
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2001
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2020
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019