Asim Shamim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Asim Shamim

Journal of plant and environment, Dec 30, 2021

This Ethnobotanical study was aimed to document the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants of d... more This Ethnobotanical study was aimed to document the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants of dhirkot district Bagh AJK along with their therapeutic values and ethnophormacological importance. The ethnobotanical data was collected by using the open-ended questionnaire from the local people about the use of medicinal plants. The current study reported three plant species, viz: Sarcoccoca saligna (Ganeera), Rumex hastatus (Chukhri), Cichurium intybus (Kasni) are mainly used for different ailments. The Plant species selected on the basis of used value were subjected to antibacterial activity by using the disc diffusion method. Different statistical techniques were employed to analyze the data of informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), use value (UV) and relative frequency citation (RFC). Current study reported 93 plant species belonging to 46 families and 81 genera for the treatment different ailments like stomach, liver, diabetes, skin, kidney, blood disorders. The most frequent plant part used was leaf (40%), followed by fruit (23%), whole plant (14%), stem and seeds (8% each), tuber (4%) and flower (1%). Modes of administration were grouped into 7 categories including raw use (30 use citation) followed by decoction (28), powder (14), paste and extract (7) and seeds (1 use citation). Fresh plant material was most preferable method and oral administration was the highly prevalent. The highest RFC value was calculated for the gastro-paresis (0.71) by Zanthoxylum alatum and the highest UV value was calculated by Malia azedarach (0.54) for fever, blood purification. Similarly, Juglans regia, Sarcoccoca saligna and Datura stramonium were show highest fidelity level (FL=100%). Local communities were highly dependent on the medicinal plants and reported the best therapeutic values for specific disorders. Urgent attention must be needed to conserve the local flora, detailed documentation of indigenous knowledge and phytochemical/pharmacological authentication of different plants used for different diseases.

Pakistan journal of biotechnology, May 15, 2023

This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera ... more This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against Arsenic (As) induced toxicity in Cirrhinus mrigala in Tawakkal Fish Hatchery at Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan. 288 fingerlings were collected from fish pond and kept in circular tank for acclimatization. 12 fish about 100-day old having similar size were selected randomly and kept in separate glass aquaria for each treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and control group T4. Fish in treatments groups T1, T2 and T3 were exposed with water born sublethal concentration of 1/10th LC50 of arsenic (As) for 7days (240 hours). On 8th and 16th days of the experiment three fish were collected from each aquarium, humanly dissected targeted organ was taken out and used for liver, muscle, and gills antioxidant enzyme activities and histopathological alteration. The findings indicate that in treatment group T2 which feed with 2% and 4% Moringa oleifera supplemented diet reduced significantly (P<0.05) arsenic induced oxidative stress in fish, enhance the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but treatment group T2 is 2% Moringa oleifera supplemented diet is more effective near to control group T4 as compared to treatment group T3 with 4% Moringa oleifera supplemented. After 16 days exposure of 1/10th concentration of arsenic with 0% Moringa oleifera various degenerative alteration were seen in gills. In 2% and 4% Moringa oleifera with 1/10th arsenic, spiked secondary lamellae and lamellar epithelium lifting (EL) and rupture of epithelial layer (↑↑) and fusion of lamellae were observed at several points. Moringa oleifera is medicinal herb, which has various tremendous benefits.

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, May 1, 2016

World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Jan 12, 2016

Pakistan journal of science, 2014

Parasitologists United Journal, Aug 1, 2021

Sheep production is a major source of income for resource poor farmers of the world. The main pur... more Sheep production is a major source of income for resource poor farmers of the world. The main purpose of sheep raising is to fulfill the needs for mutton, milk, and wool production. Parasitic diseases, one of the principal hindrances in the development of commercial livestock business, are facilitated through favorable climatic conditions and lack of awareness. A variable prevalence ranging from 18.63 to 100% of different gastrointestinal parasite (GI) species in sheep were reported from different parts of the world. Incidence, prevalence, and intensity of parasitic infections is a multifactorial phenomenon and depends on environment, geographic location, pasture condition, host characteristics, grazing habits, and nutritional status. Prevalence of parasitic infections not only adversely affects animal health but also causes huge economic losses up to billions of rupees by decrease in milk, meat and wool production, retarded growth, parasite control measures and death of animals. For the control of GI parasites in small ruminants especially kept by resource-poor farmers, it is better to identify the burden and types of helminths along with specific risk factors associated with helminthosis of a specific area. Factors responsible for development of resistance are lavish use of anti-parasitic drugs, poor efficacy of anti-parasitic agents, inadequate dose level, low protein diet and environmental toxicity. Due to limitations of chemotherapy during the past decade, use of plants with anthelmintic properties (ethnoveterinary medicine) are under consideration around the world. A number of plant species have been identified with anti-parasitic properties that may disturb the regular physiological functions of parasites. Use of plants with anthelmintic properties is considered the best choice for control of parasites in the present scenario. In this review, sheep production, GI parasitic infection of sheep, medicinal plants, and their uses for control have been described. Sheep parasitism and control Rizwan et al.,

The current study was conducted to define the prevalence and associated determinants of ectoparas... more The current study was conducted to define the prevalence and associated determinants of ectoparasitic fauna infesting domestic goats of district Toba Tek Singh (T.T. Singh), Punjab, Pakistan. Overall prevalence was found 11.14% (448/4020). Among various ectoparasites, ticks (33.58%) were found predominant as compared to lice (9.58%), fleas (6.84%), mites (3.23%) and flies (2.49%). Hyalomma anatolicum (20.39%), Rhipicephalus microplus (13.18%), Ctenocepahlides felis (4.35%), Ctenocepahlides canis (2.48%), Haematopinus spp. (3.48%), Damalinia spp. (3.23%), Linognathus spp. (2.73%), Psoroptes ovis (2.23%), Sarcoptes scabei (0.99%) and Hypoderma ovis (3.42%) were the prevalent species of ectoparasites. Age, sex and breed of host were not found positively associated with the prevalence of ectoparasites. Among various husbandry practices, floor pattern was found having significant variation, while feeding system, housing system and animal keeping were not found significantly (P>0.05) associated with the prevalence of ectoparasites. Seasonal trend showed highest prevalence of fleas, lice and mites during the months of winter while peak frequency distribution of ticks and flies was recorded during summer and spring months, respectively. Comparison of hematological parameters showed low values in positive animals, while an increase was recorded in biochemical parameters due to infestation. The fallout of the present study may play significant role for planning an effective control of ectoparasites in the study area.

Indian Journal of Animal Research, Jul 7, 2017

Haemonchus (H.) contortus is a blood feeding gastrointestinal nematode, and is considered one of ... more Haemonchus (H.) contortus is a blood feeding gastrointestinal nematode, and is considered one of the major threats for goat health and production globally. Crude somatic antigens (CSA) have been reported as sources of immunogens and provide better level of immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes. The present study aimed to quantify CSA of H. contortus worms (n=25) of both sexes followed by isolation of peptides through Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and their characterization. The triturate contained proteins having concentration of 1.3mg/ml as measured through Bradford assay. Seven different bands were appeared on gel ranging from 35KDa to 170KDa. The future prospects may include identification of the immunogenic peptides which can be used as vaccine candidates against H. contortus.

Frontiers in Microbiology, May 5, 2022

Ticks (Acari; Ixodidae) are the second most important vector for transmission of pathogens to hum... more Ticks (Acari; Ixodidae) are the second most important vector for transmission of pathogens to humans, livestock, and wildlife. Ticks as vectors for viruses have been reported many times over the last 100 years. Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) belong to two orders (Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales) containing nine families (Bunyaviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Asfarviridae, Orthomyxovirida, Reoviridae, Flaviviridae, Phenuviridae, Nyamiviridae, and Nairoviridae). Among these TBVs, some are very pathogenic, causing huge mortality, and hence, deserve to be covered under the umbrella of one health. About 38 viral species are being transmitted by <10% of the tick species of the families Ixodidae and Argasidae. All TBVs are RNA viruses except for the African swine fever virus from the family Asfarviridae. Tick-borne viral diseases have also been classified as an emerging threat to public health and animals, especially in resource-poor communities of the developing world. Tick-host interaction plays an important role in the successful transmission of pathogens. The ticks' salivary glands are the main cellular machinery involved in the uptake, settlement, and multiplication of viruses, which are required for successful transmission into the final host. Furthermore, tick saliva also participates as an augmenting tool during the physiological process of transmission. Tick saliva is an important key element in the successful transmission of pathogens and contains different antimicrobial proteins, e.g., defensin, serine, proteases, and cement protein, which are key players in tick-virus interaction. While tick-virus interaction is a crucial factor in the propagation of tick-borne viral diseases, other factors (physiological, immunological, and gut flora) are also involved. Some immunological factors, e.g., toll-like receptors, scavenger receptors, Janus-kinase (JAK-STAT) pathway, and immunodeficiency (IMD) Maqbool et al. Transmission of the Tick-Borne Viruses at the Virus-Tick Interface pathway are involved in tick-virus interaction by helping in virus assembly and acting to increase transmission. Ticks also harbor some endogenous viruses as internal microbial faunas, which also play a significant role in tick-virus interaction. Studies focusing on tick saliva and its role in pathogen transmission, tick feeding, and control of ticks using functional genomics all point toward solutions to this emerging threat. Information regarding tick-virus interaction is somewhat lacking; however, this information is necessary for a complete understanding of transmission TBVs and their persistence in nature. This review encompasses insight into the ecology and vectorial capacity of tick vectors, as well as our current understanding of the predisposing, enabling, precipitating, and reinforcing factors that influence TBV epidemics. The review explores the cellular, biochemical, and immunological tools which ensure and augment successful evading of the ticks' defense systems and transmission of the viruses to the final hosts at the virus-vector interface. The role of functional genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in profiling tick-virus interaction is also discussed. This review is an initial attempt to comprehensively elaborate on the epidemiological determinants of TBVs with a focus on intra-vector physiological processes involved in the successful execution of the docking, uptake, settlement, replication, and transmission processes of arboviruses. This adds valuable data to the existing bank of knowledge for global stakeholders, policymakers, and the scientific community working to devise appropriate strategies to control ticks and TBVs.

Planta Animalia, Dec 30, 2022

Fasciolosis is wide spread parasitic disease of herbivores outcomes in the form of financial loss... more Fasciolosis is wide spread parasitic disease of herbivores outcomes in the form of financial losses in livestock looking in the form of deaths, infected livers, reduced growth, milk, meat and wool production. The present investigation was intended to find out prevalence of ovine Fasciolosis in (Poonch) Rawalakot Azad Kashmir. For said determination, 300 sheep belong to different age groups and genders were randomly selected. Out of these, 101 (33.6%) animals were found positive for Fasciolosis through coprological examination. The results demonstrated that 34.6% prevalence of Fasciolosis in female sheep and 30.6%in male sheep. There was insignificant variance in prevalence of Fasciolosis based on gender of sheep. Significant difference infrequency of Fasciolosis (P < 0.05) was found amongst sheep of different age groups. It was concluded that Fasciolosis is prevalent is sheep in and around Rawalakot Azad Jammu & Kashmir and is continuous threat to the health and production of sheep.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

The current study was designed to check the anthelmintic activities of some local plants. Seeds o... more The current study was designed to check the anthelmintic activities of some local plants. Seeds of Amomum (A.) subulatum and Vitex (V.) negundo in different solvents were subjected to in vitro (adult motility assay; AMA and egg hatch assay; EHA) and in vivo (faecal egg count reduction test; FECRT) anthelmintic activity testing protocols using Haemonchus (H.) contortus as an experimental model. The results of AMA, EHA, and FECRT were statistically analysed through linear regression and Duncan multiple range test. In AMA test, at 50 mg mL-1 concentration, the percent mortality of H. contortus was higher in A. subulatum than V. negundo, whereas, in EHA test, A. subulatum was proven better ovicidal (LC50=14.2 µg mL-1) than V. negundo (LC50= 65.7405 µg mL-1). The FECRT also indicated the better efficacy of A. subulatum than V. negundo against natural infection of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. The crude powder of plants used in this study showed 29.6% to 57.7% anthelmintic. The reducti...

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2022

The study was conducted to evaluate predominance and the related risk factors of sheep fasciolosi... more The study was conducted to evaluate predominance and the related risk factors of sheep fasciolosis in Faisalabad district, Punjab, Pakistan. In addition, comparison of the coprological examinationand excretory/secretory antigens (ES Ag)-based ELISA was also performed to determine the variation in the prevalence of fasciolosis. Ofthe1200 faecal and blood samples,128 (10.67%) and 241 (20.08%) samples were found positive for Fasciola infection and anti-Fasciola antibodies respectively.The prevalence of fasciolosis was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in female and adultanimals. Most of the animals showed moderate (55.47%) infection which was significantly higher than mild (28.91%) and severe (15.63%) infections. The highest prevalence of fasciolosis was determined in December (26.00% through faecal examination; 42.00% through ELISA) with a mean EPG of 842.3 while lowest in May (02.00% through faecal examination; 07.00% through ELISA) with a mean EPG of 650. The frequency distribution...

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Sep 1, 2016

Goats (Capra hircus) are valued assets for resource poor farmers globally. Parasitic infections, ... more Goats (Capra hircus) are valued assets for resource poor farmers globally. Parasitic infections, especially Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylid), impact health and production of goats globally. The present study was therefore, intended to evaluate indigenous goat breeds (Teddy and Beetal) of Punjab, Pakistan for their resilience and resistance to experimental infection of H. contortus. Of 60 goats, 30 each of Teddy and Beetal breeds were further divided into six groups, each consisting of five goats. Four groups of each breed received challenged infection with 12000 and 18000 L3 (third stage) larvae of H. contortus under two infection protocols viz; early and trickle and remaining two groups of each breed were kept as controls. Resilience and resistance of each breed was determined on the basis of comparative phenotypic markers like: faecal egg counts (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), FAMACHA scores, live body weight (LW), total serum protein (TSP), serum albumin (SA) and worm count on 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th and 8 th week post artificial infection with H. contortus. Teddy breed showed significantly (P<0.05) better assessment rank based on phenotypic markers and tendency to resist in response to H. contortus infection as compared to Beetal. The sustainable goat farming should include Teddy as important entity to minimize the issue of anthelmintic resistance. Further, evaluation of genetic markers like: quantitative trait loci (QTLs), genes of major histocomplexcity, protein expression, immunoglobulins, histamines and specific interleukins are recommended for future studies, which can be helpful to explore genetic potential of goat breeds on the basis of their molecular makers.

Frontiers in Microbiology

The present study intention was to ascertain the information regarding distribution and abundance... more The present study intention was to ascertain the information regarding distribution and abundance of louse infestation in cattle and buffaloes managed traditionally at domestic levels in Tehsil Rawalakot of District Poonch, Azad Kashmir during winter season. Simple random sampling method was followed to collect louse specimen from cattle and buffaloes with the prior consent of owners. Approximately 200 animals of both cattle and buffaloes were screened during the study period but no animal was found louse infested that resulted zero percent prevalence of louse in the study area. This is probably first attempt to report on louse distribution and abundance in cattle and buffaloes raised traditionally in the area representing that the area climate is not suitable for the survival of louse in cattle and buffaloes. Further, detail investigative cross sectional studies are suggestive in the area.

species in broiler rearing under traditional system

Hosts and Viruses, 2021

Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is one of the ... more Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is one of the most devastating and immunosuppressive diseases of the poultry and has been a constraint on the sustainable food security around the globe including Pakistan. Poultry industry is the second biggest industry in Pakistan while IBD is an important disease seriously threatening poultry farming. Despite the use of mass and intense vaccination regimens, the disease continues to sustain in many countries around the globe including Pakistan. However, to some extent, the epidemic strains and epidemic patterns predominant strains of IBDV in Pakistan is unclear. This highlights the need to characterize field strains of IBDV to ascertain the evidence of vaccine failure and to establish foundations for the development of vaccine matching with the epidemic strains.

Journal of Plant and Environment, 2021

Cotton bollworms cause huge losses and are mainly controlled through the synthetic chemicals, how... more Cotton bollworms cause huge losses and are mainly controlled through the synthetic chemicals, however, chemical control does not always effective due to the larvae’s obscure feeding habit. Therefore, varietal resistance and insect mating disruption by using of sex pheromone and light traps were used in present research. The results revealed overall highest seasonal population of Helicoverpa armigera (3.75±0.37) on cotton SS-32 variety, followed by (2.41±0.17), (2.35±0.21), and (2.00±0.19), IUB-13, Nayab-878, and J-5 Pectinophora gossypiella (3.00 ± 0.72) on cotton variety Nayab-878 followed by population of 2.99±0.27, 2.50±0.31, and 1.65±0.22 on cotton varieties J-5, SS-32 and IUB-13 respectively. In addition, maximum yield production was recorded from J-5 (1025 kg ha-1), followed by Nayab-878 (962 kg ha-1) and IUB-13 (835 kg ha-1), respectively. Results, of field trials revealed overall H. armigera (61.25±5.28/15 sex pheromone traps ha-1) followed by (37.45±6.28/10 ha-1) and (20.79...

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016

Ticks transmit wide range of virus to human and animals all over the globe. Bourbon virus is new ... more Ticks transmit wide range of virus to human and animals all over the globe. Bourbon virus is new tick transmitted virus from bourbon county of United States of America. This is first reported case from western hemisphere. The objective of this review is to share information regarding present situation of this newly emerged virus and future challenges.