Shankar Lal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Shankar Lal

Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Micro finance banks are an important tools to alleviate the poverty. They effectively helps the p... more Micro finance banks are an important tools to alleviate the poverty. They effectively helps the poor people by increasing their income level. The present study is designed to explore the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction in the Mirpurkhas district, using Khushhalibank as a case study. It examine the size of MF loan and effect of this loan on income level of beneficiaries. Analyzed the different variables like as size of loan, living standard and their impact on poverty rate. Sample of 300 respondent was taken randomly by using close ended questionnaire mainly focus on the customers of the Khushhalibank Mirpurkhas branch .Further raw data was analyzed with the help of SPSS 22.0 software and PLS . Finding concludes that microfinance is an effective tool for poverty alleviation, as it helps increase income and improve the living standards of the poor. Further suggests that microfinance institutions provide more effective opportunities for people living below the poverty line...

Journal of Mountain Research

We study of complex sasakian manifold which is a type of normal complex contact metric manifold a... more We study of complex sasakian manifold which is a type of normal complex contact metric manifold and study of complex -Einstein sasakian manifold [Vanli and Unal, 2017]. Inan Unal and A. Turgut Vanli obtained curvature properties of complex Sasakian manifold [Vanli and Unal, 2019]. We define some relations between curvature tensors of complex Sasakian manifold and obtained some useful results.

Journal of Mountain Research, 2021

In the present paper, we focus on Lorentzian almost para-contact manifold and explain their relat... more In the present paper, we focus on Lorentzian almost para-contact manifold and explain their relationship. In section 1, we have introduced the historical background of a contact manifold. Next, in section 2, we have studied the basic formulae of the Lorentzian metric manifold. Further, in section 3, we introduced a new tensor field h as well as calculated some theorems and lemma. Now in section 4, we have investigated curvature properties and their relationship with the Lorentzian almost para-contact manifold. In the end section, we have discussed the entire work

A 476 MHz sub-harmonic pre-buncher cavity has been designed, fabricated, tested and installed in ... more A 476 MHz sub-harmonic pre-buncher cavity has been designed, fabricated, tested and installed in the Compact Ultrafast TErahertz Free-Electron Laser (CUTE-FEL) beam line at RRCAT. This paper presents the design, fabrication, assembly and inspection aspects of the pre-buncher cavity.

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2019

In the present paper, we introduce Smarandache curves in the Euclidean space of parallel transpor... more In the present paper, we introduce Smarandache curves in the Euclidean space of parallel transport frame. In the section one, we give basic tools of parallel transport frame of a curve in 4-dimensional Euclidean space. In section two, we study the parallel transport frame of Euclidean space, besides we solve few theorems, corollary and illustrate examples. Again section three, we define parallel transport frame to the Smarandache curve and obtain some definitions, theorems and their apparatus. Further section four, we have also explained to Frenet frame of principal normal, binomial and derivatives in the curvature of the curve. In the end, we discussed about the Smarandache curve in the Euclidean space of all apparatus Ferret-Serret. 2010 MSC: 14H45 14H50 53A04

The improvement of the performance of heat exchangers with gas as the working fluid becomes parti... more The improvement of the performance of heat exchangers with gas as the working fluid becomes particularly important due to the high thermal resistance offered by gases in general. In order to compensate for the poor heat transfer properties of gases, the surface area density of plate heat exchangers can be increased by making use of the secondary fins such as, offset fins, triangular fins, wavy fins, louvered fins etc. In addition, a promising technique for the enhancement of heat transfer is the use of longitudinal vortex generators. The longitudinal vortices are produced due to the pressure difference generated between the front and back surface of the vortex generator. The longitudinal vortices facilitate the exchange of fluid near the walls with the fluid in the core and hence, the boundary layer is disturbed. It causes the increase in temperature gradient at the surface, which leads to the augmentation in heat transfer. An innovative design of triangular shaped secondary fins wi...

Nokia Networks Oy Network operators collect huge amount of user data flowing on their networks. T... more Nokia Networks Oy Network operators collect huge amount of user data flowing on their networks. The purpose of one specific type of data collection is to understand the network usage pattern and network monitoring for anomaly detection etc. Network operators share this data confidentially with equipment manufactures and vendors to make statistical analysis over the data to find the unusual behavior e.g. Malware traffic etc. Since this data contains user identifiable information, there is a need to anonymize such data sets to protect user privacy and to comply with privacy laws. Thus, protecting user privacy is top priority for the network operator and they are also legally obliged to do so. The analysis presented in this thesis work is based on data sets, obtained from network traces (LTE, IP). For some usage, these data sets are required to be anonymized. There are various classes of algorithms to achieve this e.g. Encryption, Hashing, Field suppression, κ-anonymity,-diversity, t-closeness, Differential Privacy etc. Since none of these algorithms are individually perfect for anonymizing data completely, these should be used in conjunction with each other to get the better level of anonymization without compromising the usability and semantic integrity of the data. Differential privacy and-diversity algorithms are implemented in this thesis for anonymization of network traces along with process pipeline for them. Comparison of statistical properties of both original and perturbed data is also presented to check the efficiency of anonymization techniques.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2017

The present study was carried out during 2015-2017 at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying... more The present study was carried out during 2015-2017 at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (India). The result revealed that chemical composition in terms of proximate principles was analyzed in tree tops during spring seasons with a view of using them as feed for small and large ruminants in Vindhya Region of Utter Pradesh. Dry matter contents ranged from 18.98±0.34 to 55.75±0.67 %. Crude protein contents ranged from 7.71±0.09 to 20.75±0.02 %. The ether extract content varied from 1.87±0.06 to 10.55±0.33 and crude fiber content from 7.55±0.32 to 26.47±0.37 %. Ash contents were in the range of 7.88±0.11 to 18.68±0.61%, Acid insoluble ash contents ranged from 0.88±0.42to8.01±1.36 % and Nitrogen free extract were found in ranged from 37.80±0.54 to 65.60±3.73%. Tree leaves could be effectively used as feed for ruminants throughout the year according to their availability and on the basis of nu...

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, 2018

Background and Aims: Sarcopenia is one of the most common complication in patients with cirrhosis... more Background and Aims: Sarcopenia is one of the most common complication in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia; to investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and the severity of liver disease and whether the inclusion of sarcopenia for assessment of nutritional status along with the anthropometric tools could improve the prediction of clinical outcome in patient with cirrhosis. Methods: 105 patients were included in this one-year prospective study. Skeletal muscle index at L3 vertebra (L3 SMI) was measured by MRI, sarcopenia was defined using previously published gender and BMI specific cut offs. Nutritional status of patients was assessed using anthropometric tools like mid-arm circumference, body mass index, hand-grip strength and subjective global assessment. Results: Baseline characteristics were mean age (42.5 years), males (85.8%), alcoholics (76.1%), HBV (15.2%), Child Pugh C (43.8%), Class B (38.0%) and MELD >15 (60.2%) Sarcopenia was present in 79 (75.2%) patients. L3 SMI was significantly lower in patients with SGA grade C as compared to SGA score A (45 vs. 15; p < 0.0001), patients with MAC <5th percentile (19.6 vs. 26.7 mm, p < 0.001), lower BMI (17.1 vs. 24.2 kg/m 2 , p < 0.0001) and weaker HG strength (19.2 vs. 36.3 kg, p < 0.001). There is a positive correlation between L3 SMI, MELD and CP scores (Corr. Coefficient: −0.404; p < 0.014). Conclusion: Sarcopenia is common in advanced cirrhosis. Sarcopenia is positively correlated with the other anthropometric tools and should be included for the evaluation of nutritional status in cirrhotic patients and directly correlates with the severity of liver dysfunction.

Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, 1975

Page 1. Local model pseudopotential for noble metals This article has been downloaded from IOPsci... more Page 1. Local model pseudopotential for noble metals This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 1975 J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 5 697 (http://iopscience.iop.org/0305-4608/5/4/013) ...

International Journal of Climatology, 2012

Climatic variability and rise in temperature are considered as the key determinants to the transm... more Climatic variability and rise in temperature are considered as the key determinants to the transmission of malaria. In the present study, the trends in the cases of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax were investigated by using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test after removing the effect of significant lag-1 serial correlation from the time series of cases of malaria incidence by pre-whitening in annual, seasonal, and monthly time scales at Bikaner, located in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, in northwest India. Multi-collinearity within the datasets under consideration was investigated by means of correlation matrix, the Bartlett sphericity test, and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy, subsequent to which it was removed by using principal component analysis. Finally, artificial neural network models were employed to predict cases of malaria incidence caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax at various scales. During the last 34 years from 1975 to 2008, P. falciparum malaria incidence cases have been found to increase significantly corresponding to monthly (April and September) and seasonal (monsoon) time scales over Bikaner. On the other hand, no significant trends were observed in P. vivax malaria cases at Bikaner. Concomitant increases in P. falciparum cases of malaria incidence and observed temperature increases at Bikaner hint that P. falciparum malaria may have grown significantly under the warming climate of the Thar Desert.

accelconf.web.cern.ch

The Compact Ultrafast TErahertz Free-Electron Laser (CUTE-FEL) is being developed by BP&FEL Labor... more The Compact Ultrafast TErahertz Free-Electron Laser (CUTE-FEL) is being developed by BP&FEL Laboratory, RRCAT, which is designed to lase around 80 μm. Sub-systems like S-band high gradient accelerating structures, pre-buncher, buncher, pure permanent undulator etc. ...

epaper.kek.jp

We are building a Compact Ultrafast Terahertz Free-Electron Laser (CUTE-FEL) designed to lase at ... more We are building a Compact Ultrafast Terahertz Free-Electron Laser (CUTE-FEL) designed to lase at around 80 µm. Here we report on the present status. A 2 µs, 40 keV beam from a DC thermionic electron gun has been accelerated up to 4.5 MeV using a 21 cm long, 4-cell, ...

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear el... more The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^ 34 cm^-2 s^-1. The complex includes a polarized electron source, an undulator-based positron source, two 6.7 km circumference damping rings, two-stage bunch compressors, two 11 km long main linacs and a 4.5 km long beam ...

Cesium telluride is a widely used cathode in photo injectors, and its performance is one of the k... more Cesium telluride is a widely used cathode in photo injectors, and its performance is one of the keys for not only emittance but also reliable operation. Over the years lots of experiences with Cs2Te photocathodes produced with the same recipe and thickness were gained at the DESY photo injectors, but cathode performance dependence on the cathode layer thickness were not investigated. In this paper, we test fresh Cs2Te cathodes with different thickness at the Photo Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ). The QE and thermal emittance of these cathodes inside the high gradient RF gun will be compared. Besides, the injector emittance under the operation conditions of the XFEL will also be measured with these cathodes.

The European XFEL is operating up to 17.5 GeV electron energy with maximum 0.65% duty cycle. Ther... more The European XFEL is operating up to 17.5 GeV electron energy with maximum 0.65% duty cycle. There is a prospect for continuous wave and long pulse mode (CW/LP) operation of the European XFEL, which enables more flexible bunch pattern time structure for experiments, higher average brightness and better stability. Due to engineering limitations, the maximum electron beam energy in the CW/LP mode is about 8.6/12.8 GeV, which puts more pressure on the injector beam quality for lasing at the shortest wavelength. This paper optimizes the beam dynamics of an injector based on a normal-conducting VHF gun.

2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2017

In Telco cloud environment, virtual network functions (VNFs) can be shipped in the form of virtua... more In Telco cloud environment, virtual network functions (VNFs) can be shipped in the form of virtual machine images and hosted over commodity hardware. It is likely that these VNF images will contain highly sensitive data and mission critical network operations. For this reason, these VNF images are prone to malicious tampering during shipping and even after uploaded to the cloud image database. Furthermore, due to various applications, there is a requirement from mobile network operators to seal VNFs on specific platforms which satisfy certain hardware and software configurations. This requires cloud service providers to introduce some mechanisms to verify VNF image integrity and host sealing before the instantiation of VNFs. In this paper, we present a proof of concept demonstrated with the help of an experimental setup to solve the abovementioned problems. We also evaluate the performance of the envisioned setup and present some insights on its usability.