Sharon Gutman - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Sharon Gutman
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy
Date Presented 03/31/2022 Researchers suggest that a disproportionate percentage of at-risk, mino... more Date Presented 03/31/2022 Researchers suggest that a disproportionate percentage of at-risk, minority adolescents in urban school systems have or are suspected of having learning disabilities and attentional problems. We describe methods that occupational therapists can use to support the academic competencies of at-risk, minority adolescents including kinesthetic, auditory, and visual learning strategies; organization and study skills; daily time management; and self-regulation and sensory overload prevention. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy
Date Presented 04/02/2022 We assessed the effectiveness of an OT reading program for first and se... more Date Presented 04/02/2022 We assessed the effectiveness of an OT reading program for first and second graders in an underserved urban elementary school. Preliminary evidence demonstrated increases in foundational reading skills and reading participation. This study contributes to the development of pediatric literacy support as an emerging practice area in the OT profession, and it addresses a gap in the literature targeting the specific needs of children in underserved communities. Primary Author and Speaker: L. Mari Arnaud Contributing Authors: Sharon Gutman
BMC Psychiatry
Background ADHD is neurodevelopmental disorder which persists into adulthood. Presently, therapeu... more Background ADHD is neurodevelopmental disorder which persists into adulthood. Presently, therapeutic approaches are mainly pharmacological and psychological whilst the role, scope and approaches of occupational therapists have not been adequately described. Results In this consensus statement we propose that by assessing specific aspects of a person’s occupation, occupational therapists can deploy their unique skills in providing specialist interventions for adults with ADHD. We also propose a framework with areas where occupational therapists can focus their assessments and give practice examples of specific interventions. Conclusions Occupational therapists have much to offer in providing interventions for adults with ADHD. A unified and flexible approach when working with adults with ADHD is most appropriate and further research on occupational therapy interventions is needed.
International Journal on Homelessness, 2022
Objective: Youth self-identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, inte... more Objective: Youth self-identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, intersex, asexual, and other identities (LGBTQIA+) are overrepresented among the homeless youth population in western countries. Although scholars have documented the situations and events contributing to disproportionately high rates of homelessness among LGBTQIA+ youth compared to cisgender peers, researchers have not as thoroughly examined the efficacy of services available to this group to assist their transition from homelessness to stable residency. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the peer-reviewed literature to determine how many journal articles have been generated that addressed (a) the assessment of client satisfaction or (b) the effectiveness of intervention designed to help LGBTQIA+ homeless youth transition from homelessness to stable tenancy. Method: A database search of six peer-reviewed, health care publication indexes, with 50 key search terms was performed...
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2021
Date Presented 04/200/21 Using narrative responses to the Veterans Affairs Bereaved Family Survey... more Date Presented 04/200/21 Using narrative responses to the Veterans Affairs Bereaved Family Survey, we have identified practice areas that fall within the OT Practice Framework (3rd ed.). Intervention in the identified OT practice areas could improve the end-of-life health care experience for both patients and providers. Narrative responses can be used to identify areas to improve quality of care and may provide initial support for implementing innovative practices. Primary Author and Speaker: Matthew Donald McCaa Additional Authors and Speakers: Megan Bewernitz, LaTonya Summers
Annals of International Occupational Therapy, 2019
The epoxy-imidazole resin system is used to form the anisotropic conducting film. The latent char... more The epoxy-imidazole resin system is used to form the anisotropic conducting film. The latent character of the system is very significant. In this study, imidazole (Im) or 2-methylimidazole (2MI) was encapsulated for the latent curing system to use in the reaction of epoxy resin. Polycaprolactone was used as a wall material, and the solvent evaporation method was used to form the microcapsule using W/O/W emulsion. The shelf life of the microcapsules was studied for the epoxy resin, and the curing behavior of the microcapsules for epoxy resin was examined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The curing times at 150 and 180 C were estimated using an indentation method. The microcapsules of Im or 2MI exhibited a long shelf life for epoxy resin. When comparing the results of the previous methods with the results of this study using the W/O/W emulsion, finer microcapsules were formed and the microcapsule has longer shelf life. V
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2019
Date Presented 04/04/19 This study showed that a seven-week intervention reduced stress and ADHD ... more Date Presented 04/04/19 This study showed that a seven-week intervention reduced stress and ADHD symptoms and enhanced performance and satisfaction with desired occupational roles in a sample of 25 women with ADHD. Intervention addressed (a) routines supporting desired roles, (b) organization of physical environments, (c) time and stress management, and (d) regulation of sensory stimulation. The study provides pilot evidence that OT services can be considered as adjunctive to counseling and medication. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman Additional Authors and Speakers: Sheetala Balasubramanian, Maya Herzog, Elizabeth Kim, Hannah Swirnow, Yudis Retig, Samantha Wolff
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2019
Date Presented 04/05/19 Cognitive problems, physical disabilities, and visual-perceptual impairme... more Date Presented 04/05/19 Cognitive problems, physical disabilities, and visual-perceptual impairment can heighten the risk of falls and other safety hazards in the chronically ill, sheltered homeless. This study demonstrated that environmental modifications and training may have contributed to the reduction of home safety events in a small group of prematurely aged, sheltered homeless. OT services are needed to help this underserved population remain safe and maintain housing once received. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman Additional Authors and Speakers: Derek Douglas, Amber Carmiencke, Lauren Freudman, Maria Huerta, Matthew McCaa, Sam Miller, Alisha Sherpa, Miles Viant, Diane Schreibman
OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 2019
This study aims to determine whether a functional literacy program using principles from the Cogn... more This study aims to determine whether a functional literacy program using principles from the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance approach and Occupational Adaptation theory, and embedded in community-based daily activities, could enhance occupational participation in a sample of sheltered homeless adults. This study used a two-group, controlled design with pre- and post-intervention measures. Intervention was carried out in a group setting in 1.5 hr, twice-weekly sessions over 8 weeks. Intervention addressed literacy skills needed to complete participant identified, desired daily activities. Statistically significant differences were found between intervention and control groups’ perceived functional literacy skills with regard to occupational performance ( Z = −4.075, p < .0001, d = 1.02) and satisfaction ( Z = −4.113, p < .0001, d = 1.40); reading frequency ( Z = −3.594, p < .0001, d = 0.48), reading effectiveness ( Z = −10.673, p < .0001, d = 0.68)...
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2019
This study examined the effectiveness of a stress management intervention for sheltered homeless ... more This study examined the effectiveness of a stress management intervention for sheltered homeless adults with mental illness. Twelve intervention participants received a 6-week, 1-hour psychoeducation group combined with a 20-minute meditation. Eleven matched pairs did not receive intervention and served as controls. At 1 week post study, intervention participants reported a statistically significant reduction in perceived stress (Z¼ À2.285, p < .02, d¼ À1.176) compared to controls. No differences were found at 1 week post study between intervention and control participants on reported quality of life. This study provides pilot data on the effectiveness of an occupation-based stress management program for sheltered homeless adults and warrants further study.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2017
Date Presented 4/1/2017 We assessed the home safety of formerly homeless adults ages 40–65 yr res... more Date Presented 4/1/2017 We assessed the home safety of formerly homeless adults ages 40–65 yr residing in supportive housing. Nineteen of 20 participants fell at or above the 95th percentile of an elderly reference group, indicating greater home safety concerns compared with adults 20 yr older. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman Additional Authors and Speakers: Jan Berg, Kevin Amarantos Contributing Authors: Ethan Chen, Zachary Schlugar, Richard Peters
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2017
Date Presented 3/31/2017 This study examines the use of a performance-based assessment to detect ... more Date Presented 3/31/2017 This study examines the use of a performance-based assessment to detect functional hand deficits in persons with schizophrenia. The Jebsen Hand Function Test may have value as an objective measure of hand function in this population, allowing occupational therapists to provide more comprehensive treatment. Primary Author and Speaker: Alice Jih Additional Authors and Speakers: Myra Branch, Michaela Fraser, Heesun Jung, Brooke Morgan Contributing Authors: Dawn M. Nilsen, Elaine Mullen, Sharon Gutman
British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2017
Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a housing transition pr... more Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a housing transition program for homeless shelter residents with chronic mental illness and substance use. Method A two-group controlled study design was used to assess the program, with 10 participants in an intervention group and 10 in a control group. Goal attainment scaling and quality of life ratings were used pre- and post-intervention to determine if a statistically significant difference existed between groups at post-intervention. Results A statistically significant difference existed between intervention and control group goal attainment scaling scores ( U = 9.50, p < .03, d = 1.34), and on quality of life scores ( U = 10.50, p < .04, d = 1.30) at post-intervention. At a 6-month follow-up, 57.14% of intervention group participants had transitioned into supportive housing, while only 25% of control group participants had transitioned. Conclusion Findings suggest that intervention participants ma...
Occupational therapy in health care, 2017
A bibliometric analysis was completed of peer-reviewed literature from 1991-2015, written by Amer... more A bibliometric analysis was completed of peer-reviewed literature from 1991-2015, written by American occupational therapists, to examine US high impact scholarship with "occupational therapy" and "occupational therapist(s)" used as keywords to search journal articles' publication title, abstract, author details, and keywords. Results included 1,889 journal articles from 1991-2015 published by American occupational therapists as first or corresponding author. Sixty-nine articles attained a TotalCitation2015 ≥ 50 and 151 attained a Citation2015 ≥ 5 indicating that they were the most highly cited literature produced in this period. Although the majority (58%) of this literature was published in occupational therapy-specific journals, 41% was published in interdisciplinary journals. Results illustrate that the volume of highly cited American occupational therapy peer-reviewed literature has grown over the last two decades. There is need for the profession to str...
Occupational Therapy International, 2010
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a motor‐based, social skills intervention f... more The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a motor‐based, social skills intervention for two adolescents with high‐functioning autism (HFA) using single‐subject design. A description of the intervention is provided as a first step in the manualization process. The intervention was provided as a 7‐week after‐school program, once weekly to the paired participants. Intervention consisted of role‐play methods in which motor behaviours were linked with their cognitive and emotional meanings. Baseline, intervention and 3‐month probe data collection periods were carried out and then compared using visual inspection of graphed data, paired t‐tests and a three‐standard‐deviation‐band approach. Both participants displayed a statistically significant increase in targeted social skills behaviours from baseline to intervention and maintained this level at a 3‐month post‐intervention probe. These single‐subject design cases illustrate that motor‐based, social skills interventions may b...
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2012
The purpose of the authors in this pilot study was to assess the effects of an occupational thera... more The purpose of the authors in this pilot study was to assess the effects of an occupational therapy role-playing intervention for adolescents with Asperger's syndrome. An ABA multiple baseline single-subject design across participants was used with three adolescents to determine if a six-week intervention could increase targeted social behaviors. Data were collected over baseline, intervention, and probe phases. Three methods of analysis were used: visual inspection of graphed data, paired t tests, and a three standard deviation-band approach. Findings demonstrated that all three participants were able to increase the frequency of targeted social skill use from baseline to intervention and maintain this level at a one month probe. Differences between baseline and intervention phases for each participant reached statistical significance. Through this study the authors offer preliminary evidence that an occupational therapy role-playing intervention that is both client centered and graded can increase targeted social skill use in three adolescents with Asperger's syndrome.
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 1999
This paper examines the relationships between women, traumatic brain injury (TBI), alcohol depend... more This paper examines the relationships between women, traumatic brain injury (TBI), alcohol dependency, and childhood sexual abuse. Alcohol use has increasingly been implicated as a direct cause of TBI occurrence. Because most TBI rehabilitation programs have been developed tor a male population, however, the unique relationship between women with TBI and alcohol dependency has largely been unexamined. Women with alcohol-related
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2005
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2011
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy
Date Presented 03/31/2022 Researchers suggest that a disproportionate percentage of at-risk, mino... more Date Presented 03/31/2022 Researchers suggest that a disproportionate percentage of at-risk, minority adolescents in urban school systems have or are suspected of having learning disabilities and attentional problems. We describe methods that occupational therapists can use to support the academic competencies of at-risk, minority adolescents including kinesthetic, auditory, and visual learning strategies; organization and study skills; daily time management; and self-regulation and sensory overload prevention. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy
Date Presented 04/02/2022 We assessed the effectiveness of an OT reading program for first and se... more Date Presented 04/02/2022 We assessed the effectiveness of an OT reading program for first and second graders in an underserved urban elementary school. Preliminary evidence demonstrated increases in foundational reading skills and reading participation. This study contributes to the development of pediatric literacy support as an emerging practice area in the OT profession, and it addresses a gap in the literature targeting the specific needs of children in underserved communities. Primary Author and Speaker: L. Mari Arnaud Contributing Authors: Sharon Gutman
BMC Psychiatry
Background ADHD is neurodevelopmental disorder which persists into adulthood. Presently, therapeu... more Background ADHD is neurodevelopmental disorder which persists into adulthood. Presently, therapeutic approaches are mainly pharmacological and psychological whilst the role, scope and approaches of occupational therapists have not been adequately described. Results In this consensus statement we propose that by assessing specific aspects of a person’s occupation, occupational therapists can deploy their unique skills in providing specialist interventions for adults with ADHD. We also propose a framework with areas where occupational therapists can focus their assessments and give practice examples of specific interventions. Conclusions Occupational therapists have much to offer in providing interventions for adults with ADHD. A unified and flexible approach when working with adults with ADHD is most appropriate and further research on occupational therapy interventions is needed.
International Journal on Homelessness, 2022
Objective: Youth self-identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, inte... more Objective: Youth self-identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning/queer, intersex, asexual, and other identities (LGBTQIA+) are overrepresented among the homeless youth population in western countries. Although scholars have documented the situations and events contributing to disproportionately high rates of homelessness among LGBTQIA+ youth compared to cisgender peers, researchers have not as thoroughly examined the efficacy of services available to this group to assist their transition from homelessness to stable residency. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the peer-reviewed literature to determine how many journal articles have been generated that addressed (a) the assessment of client satisfaction or (b) the effectiveness of intervention designed to help LGBTQIA+ homeless youth transition from homelessness to stable tenancy. Method: A database search of six peer-reviewed, health care publication indexes, with 50 key search terms was performed...
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2021
Date Presented 04/200/21 Using narrative responses to the Veterans Affairs Bereaved Family Survey... more Date Presented 04/200/21 Using narrative responses to the Veterans Affairs Bereaved Family Survey, we have identified practice areas that fall within the OT Practice Framework (3rd ed.). Intervention in the identified OT practice areas could improve the end-of-life health care experience for both patients and providers. Narrative responses can be used to identify areas to improve quality of care and may provide initial support for implementing innovative practices. Primary Author and Speaker: Matthew Donald McCaa Additional Authors and Speakers: Megan Bewernitz, LaTonya Summers
Annals of International Occupational Therapy, 2019
The epoxy-imidazole resin system is used to form the anisotropic conducting film. The latent char... more The epoxy-imidazole resin system is used to form the anisotropic conducting film. The latent character of the system is very significant. In this study, imidazole (Im) or 2-methylimidazole (2MI) was encapsulated for the latent curing system to use in the reaction of epoxy resin. Polycaprolactone was used as a wall material, and the solvent evaporation method was used to form the microcapsule using W/O/W emulsion. The shelf life of the microcapsules was studied for the epoxy resin, and the curing behavior of the microcapsules for epoxy resin was examined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The curing times at 150 and 180 C were estimated using an indentation method. The microcapsules of Im or 2MI exhibited a long shelf life for epoxy resin. When comparing the results of the previous methods with the results of this study using the W/O/W emulsion, finer microcapsules were formed and the microcapsule has longer shelf life. V
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2019
Date Presented 04/04/19 This study showed that a seven-week intervention reduced stress and ADHD ... more Date Presented 04/04/19 This study showed that a seven-week intervention reduced stress and ADHD symptoms and enhanced performance and satisfaction with desired occupational roles in a sample of 25 women with ADHD. Intervention addressed (a) routines supporting desired roles, (b) organization of physical environments, (c) time and stress management, and (d) regulation of sensory stimulation. The study provides pilot evidence that OT services can be considered as adjunctive to counseling and medication. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman Additional Authors and Speakers: Sheetala Balasubramanian, Maya Herzog, Elizabeth Kim, Hannah Swirnow, Yudis Retig, Samantha Wolff
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2019
Date Presented 04/05/19 Cognitive problems, physical disabilities, and visual-perceptual impairme... more Date Presented 04/05/19 Cognitive problems, physical disabilities, and visual-perceptual impairment can heighten the risk of falls and other safety hazards in the chronically ill, sheltered homeless. This study demonstrated that environmental modifications and training may have contributed to the reduction of home safety events in a small group of prematurely aged, sheltered homeless. OT services are needed to help this underserved population remain safe and maintain housing once received. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman Additional Authors and Speakers: Derek Douglas, Amber Carmiencke, Lauren Freudman, Maria Huerta, Matthew McCaa, Sam Miller, Alisha Sherpa, Miles Viant, Diane Schreibman
OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 2019
This study aims to determine whether a functional literacy program using principles from the Cogn... more This study aims to determine whether a functional literacy program using principles from the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance approach and Occupational Adaptation theory, and embedded in community-based daily activities, could enhance occupational participation in a sample of sheltered homeless adults. This study used a two-group, controlled design with pre- and post-intervention measures. Intervention was carried out in a group setting in 1.5 hr, twice-weekly sessions over 8 weeks. Intervention addressed literacy skills needed to complete participant identified, desired daily activities. Statistically significant differences were found between intervention and control groups’ perceived functional literacy skills with regard to occupational performance ( Z = −4.075, p < .0001, d = 1.02) and satisfaction ( Z = −4.113, p < .0001, d = 1.40); reading frequency ( Z = −3.594, p < .0001, d = 0.48), reading effectiveness ( Z = −10.673, p < .0001, d = 0.68)...
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2019
This study examined the effectiveness of a stress management intervention for sheltered homeless ... more This study examined the effectiveness of a stress management intervention for sheltered homeless adults with mental illness. Twelve intervention participants received a 6-week, 1-hour psychoeducation group combined with a 20-minute meditation. Eleven matched pairs did not receive intervention and served as controls. At 1 week post study, intervention participants reported a statistically significant reduction in perceived stress (Z¼ À2.285, p < .02, d¼ À1.176) compared to controls. No differences were found at 1 week post study between intervention and control participants on reported quality of life. This study provides pilot data on the effectiveness of an occupation-based stress management program for sheltered homeless adults and warrants further study.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2017
Date Presented 4/1/2017 We assessed the home safety of formerly homeless adults ages 40–65 yr res... more Date Presented 4/1/2017 We assessed the home safety of formerly homeless adults ages 40–65 yr residing in supportive housing. Nineteen of 20 participants fell at or above the 95th percentile of an elderly reference group, indicating greater home safety concerns compared with adults 20 yr older. Primary Author and Speaker: Sharon Gutman Additional Authors and Speakers: Jan Berg, Kevin Amarantos Contributing Authors: Ethan Chen, Zachary Schlugar, Richard Peters
American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2017
Date Presented 3/31/2017 This study examines the use of a performance-based assessment to detect ... more Date Presented 3/31/2017 This study examines the use of a performance-based assessment to detect functional hand deficits in persons with schizophrenia. The Jebsen Hand Function Test may have value as an objective measure of hand function in this population, allowing occupational therapists to provide more comprehensive treatment. Primary Author and Speaker: Alice Jih Additional Authors and Speakers: Myra Branch, Michaela Fraser, Heesun Jung, Brooke Morgan Contributing Authors: Dawn M. Nilsen, Elaine Mullen, Sharon Gutman
British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2017
Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a housing transition pr... more Introduction The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a housing transition program for homeless shelter residents with chronic mental illness and substance use. Method A two-group controlled study design was used to assess the program, with 10 participants in an intervention group and 10 in a control group. Goal attainment scaling and quality of life ratings were used pre- and post-intervention to determine if a statistically significant difference existed between groups at post-intervention. Results A statistically significant difference existed between intervention and control group goal attainment scaling scores ( U = 9.50, p < .03, d = 1.34), and on quality of life scores ( U = 10.50, p < .04, d = 1.30) at post-intervention. At a 6-month follow-up, 57.14% of intervention group participants had transitioned into supportive housing, while only 25% of control group participants had transitioned. Conclusion Findings suggest that intervention participants ma...
Occupational therapy in health care, 2017
A bibliometric analysis was completed of peer-reviewed literature from 1991-2015, written by Amer... more A bibliometric analysis was completed of peer-reviewed literature from 1991-2015, written by American occupational therapists, to examine US high impact scholarship with "occupational therapy" and "occupational therapist(s)" used as keywords to search journal articles' publication title, abstract, author details, and keywords. Results included 1,889 journal articles from 1991-2015 published by American occupational therapists as first or corresponding author. Sixty-nine articles attained a TotalCitation2015 ≥ 50 and 151 attained a Citation2015 ≥ 5 indicating that they were the most highly cited literature produced in this period. Although the majority (58%) of this literature was published in occupational therapy-specific journals, 41% was published in interdisciplinary journals. Results illustrate that the volume of highly cited American occupational therapy peer-reviewed literature has grown over the last two decades. There is need for the profession to str...
Occupational Therapy International, 2010
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a motor‐based, social skills intervention f... more The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a motor‐based, social skills intervention for two adolescents with high‐functioning autism (HFA) using single‐subject design. A description of the intervention is provided as a first step in the manualization process. The intervention was provided as a 7‐week after‐school program, once weekly to the paired participants. Intervention consisted of role‐play methods in which motor behaviours were linked with their cognitive and emotional meanings. Baseline, intervention and 3‐month probe data collection periods were carried out and then compared using visual inspection of graphed data, paired t‐tests and a three‐standard‐deviation‐band approach. Both participants displayed a statistically significant increase in targeted social skills behaviours from baseline to intervention and maintained this level at a 3‐month post‐intervention probe. These single‐subject design cases illustrate that motor‐based, social skills interventions may b...
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2012
The purpose of the authors in this pilot study was to assess the effects of an occupational thera... more The purpose of the authors in this pilot study was to assess the effects of an occupational therapy role-playing intervention for adolescents with Asperger's syndrome. An ABA multiple baseline single-subject design across participants was used with three adolescents to determine if a six-week intervention could increase targeted social behaviors. Data were collected over baseline, intervention, and probe phases. Three methods of analysis were used: visual inspection of graphed data, paired t tests, and a three standard deviation-band approach. Findings demonstrated that all three participants were able to increase the frequency of targeted social skill use from baseline to intervention and maintain this level at a one month probe. Differences between baseline and intervention phases for each participant reached statistical significance. Through this study the authors offer preliminary evidence that an occupational therapy role-playing intervention that is both client centered and graded can increase targeted social skill use in three adolescents with Asperger's syndrome.
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 1999
This paper examines the relationships between women, traumatic brain injury (TBI), alcohol depend... more This paper examines the relationships between women, traumatic brain injury (TBI), alcohol dependency, and childhood sexual abuse. Alcohol use has increasingly been implicated as a direct cause of TBI occurrence. Because most TBI rehabilitation programs have been developed tor a male population, however, the unique relationship between women with TBI and alcohol dependency has largely been unexamined. Women with alcohol-related
Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2005
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2011